Marine diesel kanye nokulungiswa yabo. Uhlelo kukawoyela zasolwandle udizili

Marine diesel iwumthombo wamandla okuyisa umkhumbi. Ukujikeleza crankshaft idluliselwa nokudlulisela ehlanganisa igiya iyunithi, okuhlangene kukhale injini kanye vane we bendiza, onikeza inkambo umkhumbi. I emikhulu umkhumbi, i-esithuthuke kabanzana kufanele kube uhlelo amandla alo, okumele siqinisekise ukuphepha umkhumbi olwandle. Uma kwenzeka yokwenqaba yenjini main ivuliwe isipele njengoba omkhulu esitsheni stop noma ngomkhumbi wezimpahla mnogopalubnogo phakathi olwandle ezimweni isiphepho okulingana ekubhujisweni kwaso.

umthamo lokuqala

Marine diesel lwaluqala ekuseni HHveka futhi ngokushesha wamemezela ngokwabo njengoba okunokwethenjelwa, esebenza kahle futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, amayunithi ezihlangene. Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala nge injini diesel kwaba Danish "Zealand", umkhankaso e-1912. izinjini ezimbili 200 L u ogibele isitsha. c., ngasinye sazo eliqhutshwa bendiza. Ukubukeka umkhumbi injini engavamile wadala furor futhi baba ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha izitshalo amandla udizili.

Kutfutfukiswa izitshalo amandla ku udizili imikhumbi waqala ngesivinini ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. Ithemba ukusetshenziswa eminye ngamandla linesizotha kwakusobala, kanye nezinkampani eziningi ubunjiniyela emhlabeni wonke wahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Njengoba kuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa emikhulu ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo okuyinto zihamba phambili, waqala lo mncintiswano. Ngenxa yalokho, i-project esiyingqayizivele, ngokuhamba lapho izinjini ezinamandla superreliable zasolwandle zadalwa.

ilungiselelo

Amandla udizili ukufake isitsha esikhulu siqukethe injini olulodwa main nasizayo eziningana abasebenzela ku womkhumbi yokuziphilisa. It ugesi, amanzi, umoya, compressors nezinye izindlela eziningi.

Ngo ikakhulukazi ezinkulu ocean ethwala ingafakwa izinjini eziningana eziyinhloko futhi sebuningini asizayo. Zonke izinjini udizili. Bakhonza ithimba Mechanics, fitters futhi onjiniyela test.

Ukuphinda eyindilinga

Marine diesel ngezigaba ezine-sohlangothi ezimbili-unhlangothi. Umehluko emkhatsini izinhlobo ezimbili kubalulekile. Four yokusebenza simiso ukudabula umjikelezo yokusebenza amabili crankshaft inzuzo noma amane unhlangothi. isinyathelo Active kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa umjikelezo iwashi kuphela, abanye abathathu - wokulungiselela.

Single-unhlangothi injini umjikelezo wenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa salezi zinguquko. ukugxisha ingxube fuel futhi okwalandela ukuthungela isimiso lapha nezinye. Ngo uMbhalo kukhona okuthiwa behlwaya izimbobo lapho kwenzeka ekushayweni ophoqelelwe amandla omlilo ekamelweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela asikho isidingo ku qeda ngokusebenzisa valve. Isibalo imijikelezo kuyehla ncamashi kabili.

umehluko ezengeziwe

Kukhona speed ngezigaba. Low-speed izinjini - kuze 150 linemibhikisho / ngomzuzu nesivinini naphakathi - 600 rev / imiz. High-speed izinjini ngoba imikhumbi emikhulu, mikhulu kakhulu awekho ngenxa ngokucacile wezenzo zazo, load yakho iphezulu kakhulu futhi sverhprodolzhitelnoy ngesikhathi besebenza.

Marine diesel izitsha ezincane

izikebhe ezincane, umfula izikebhe kanye nemikhumbi ahlome ikilasi, njengoba umthetho, elilodwa motor. Amandla injini diesel kungaba ehlukene, kuye ngokuthi inhloso umkhumbi senzelwe. Izikebhe ezinesivinini abe izinjini Pick-up, nokuhamba, uhambo futhi uhambe ukukhwezwa ongaphakeme isivinini izinjini. Imikhumbi egade inkonzo ugu ngokuvamile babe ezimbili ngempela ezisindayo-duty diesel, elinye lawo ukwenza unomphela futhi elesibili esitshalweni njengoba kudingekile.

Marine diesel izitsha ezincane zenzelwe ukufakwa isilungisiwe. Avame kube compact nangokushesha, nge high ekusetshenzisweni. motors esasinenjini ngokuvamile uphethiloli, njengoba ziyakwazi uqalisa okusheshayo.

Diesel ukuze izinjini zasolwandle

Ukuze operation esitebeleni of amandla isitshalo isitsha kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uphethiloli eliphezulu (diesel). sokufaneleka kwalo kunqunywa letindlela letilandzelako:

• octane;
• ukumelana detonation;
• inombolo cetane;
• Ukwakheka Fractional;
• ukuphelela amandla omlilo, degree of opacity, ubuthi;
• viscosity kanye kwabantu, njengoba isici supply evamile ohlelweni;
• ongaphakeme lokushisa izakhiwo, enquma ukusebenza;
• ubumsulwa ezingeni;
• flash iphuzu, ngokombono ukuphepha isicelo;
• khona-sulphur compounds, izinsimbi hydrocarbon unsaturated ezifana carbon kumiswa evuselela.

Okokhelekayo ngezigaba:

• International - FO, HFO, MGO, MDO, IFO 380, IFO 380LS;
• Analogue Russian - A-62 SMT1, SMT2, F-5, DM, IAV 380;
• Russian ejwayelekile amafraktjhini - viscosity ongaphakeme, viscosity amaphakathi, ephezulu viscosity, ukukhanya esindayo.

amazinga Basic yokutholwa eRussia, elawula izinga diesel ukuze izinjini zasolwandle:

• ehlobo "A" - isetshenziswa ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla zero degrees Celsius;
• ebusika "W" - isetshenziswa at okushisa afinyelela ku-degrees 20;
• Arctic 'A' - ithempelesha degrees 50 Celsius.
• ongaphakeme umkhumbi viscosity nophethiloli - ezenziwe TU 38,10;
• Brand DM - esigabeni kakhulu umkhumbi ongaphakeme-speed izinjini;
• uwoyela ndlu fuel F-5 - kukhiqizwa ngokuvumelana GOST 05/10/85; uwoyela ndlu fuel F-30, F-180, F-380 - oluqanjwe TU 0252-003-2905.

Uhlelo fuel of zasolwandle udizili

Ukondla fuel ibe amandla ukufakwa umkhumbi esebenzisa uhlelo uphethiloli izinjini main nasizayo. Kanye Umsebenzi oyinhloko uhlelo kumele iqinisekise ukuthi:

• kulayishwa fuel mathangi ngasesinqeni futhi isitoreji;
• fuel ukuhlanzwa ukungcola namanzi;
• uma kunesidingo - le Imibhobho esemzimbeni ukupholisa;
• ukwehlukana nophethiloli.

Okokhelekayo reception amadivayisi somhlaba eyalo emphemeni of iphayiphi esesikhundleni couplings at zombili. Emikhunjini umgibeli edonsa amafutha kwenzeka kwezinye izindawo ezingazodwa. fuel ezamukelwe agcinwe emathangini tanks topside ugibelile oxhumene. Zonke izitsha anemisila amaphampu ukuze ukudonsa, okuyinto impinda ngayinye nezinye, emcimbini ukwehluleka omunye wabo. Ngaphambi nje kokukhululwa kwe umkhumbi ohambweni ebhodini eyenziwa ukwehlukana fuel futhi yokuhlanza, ngemva kwalokho uphethiloli akhishwa ku izimpahla ethangini.

Izitembu izinjini zasolwandle

Amandla Udizili amayunithi akhiqizwa eziningi kangaka ukuthi ukulandelela ububanzi yabo akunakwenzeka. Akwaziwa abakhiqizi injini for zasolwandle ezinkulu kanye nemikhumbi olwandle uya - kuyinto:

• Scan Udizili (Croatia).
• Mitsubishi (Japan).
• Hyundai (South Korea).
• Lombardini Marine (Italy).
• Wartsila (Finland).

Isigaba ahlukene kuhlanganisa zasolwandle diesel "YaMZ" ezivezwa Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Udizili izinjini "YaMZ" zasolwandle naphakathi ukufuduka kufinyeleleke kakhulu Russian shipbuilding amabhizinisi, futhi intengo nekhwalithi.

Ukulungisa izitshalo amandla umkhumbi

injini ngamunye osebenza ngaphansi umthwalo njalo, kukhona kancane kancane izindlela zokukhiqiza zemvelo bezihlikihla evele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukhona isidingo wamanje noma kulungiswe. Shipowners ozama ukufeza ukulungiselwa izinto ezithile endaweni, bebodwa. Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungenzeka, ngoba esikhundleni izingxenye bakhathale ngokuvamile kudinga imishini ekhethekile futhi abaqeqeshiwe. Kulokhu, injini adiliza nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi umenzi.

Ukulungisa lomkhumbi udizili ithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kulesi simo imikhumbi lutho. Nokho, umnikazi kungase kudingeke injini eyisipele, okuyinto efakwe esikhundleni shot. Ngakho kungaba ugweme kokulungisa ophoqelelwe, okuyinto zazibiza kakhulu.

umkhumbi imidondoshiya

Phakathi izinjini zasolwandle babe Amaqhawe abo. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke udizili zasolwandle injini - imodeli Wartsila-Sulzer-RTA96-C. Made in inkampani Finnish. Imodeli is ithuthukiswe kucatshangelwa multi-okufana emgqeni kuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana. Oda superdvigatel kungaba ngefomethi 6 noma 14 amasilinda. Ukukhetha kwenza ikhasimende izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.

Abafakaza kusukela kule umdondoshiya 960 mm. Engine umthamo - ayizinkulungwane 109 amalitha. a. Kuvele esitsheni olwandle kalula ithuthukisa ijubane motor 46 ngehora.