Lo mshini wezenzo enzyme

Enzyme (enzyme) - a yamangqamuzana isisindo okusezingeni eliphezulu organic compounds wamaprotheni endalo, lawo asebenza umzimba indima catalysts begazi.

Lo mshini wezenzo enzyme

Elucidation etindlela asenkulumweni isinyathelo okhanda amanye amathuba ama-enzyme ingenye izinkinga lokubalulekile izinkinga zamanje hhayi kuphela enzymology, kodwa biochemistry yesimanje kanye molecular biology.

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ama-enzyme kwase kutholakala okumsulwa futhi cacisa ubuntu babo, sebegculisekile ukuthi kubalulekile inqubo enzymatic has a coupling of enzyme ukuthi substrate. Imizamo yokuthola ekhuthaza eziyinkimbinkimbi of enzyme nge substrate isikhathi eside akazange akusho ukuthi iholela empumelelweni, njengoba lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi labile, ke ngokushesha kakhulu ubola. Ukusebenzisa spectroscopy indlela esenze sakwazi ukukhomba izakhiwo lwe-enzyme-substrate ukuba catalase, peroxidase, utshwala dehydrogenase, ama-enzyme flavinzavisimyh.

Indlela -X-ray ukuhlaziywa aye wavumela ukuba uthole okuningi ulwazi olusemqoka mayelana nesakhiwo kanye nezindlela okhanda amanye amathuba isinyathelo enzyme. Le ndlela iye yasetshenziselwa ukusungula analogue uxhumano substrate enzyme lysozyme futhi chymotrypsin.

Ezinye ubufakazi oqondile sokuba khona ama-enzyme substrate izakhiwo wakwazi ukuya lapho omunye okhanda amanye amathuba umjikelezo izigaba enzyme nakanjani substrate ngesibopho covalent. Isibonelo zisabela kanjani hydrolysis lika-n-nitrophenyl acetate catalyzed ngu chymotrypsin. Lapho ixubene ether enzyme chymotrypsin is acetylated ngesikhathi iqembu hydroxyl we esisheshayo noSerine ezisalayo. Lesi sigaba kushesha, kodwa atsetilhimotripsina hydrolysis kumiswa chymotrypsin acetate futhi free ahamba kancane kakhulu kunalokho. Ngakho-ke atsetilhimotripsin aqoqana, okuyinto kalula zitholiwe khona n-nitrophenylacetate.

Ukuba khona substrate enzyme Ukwakheka can "catch" ngokudluliswa EU eziyinkimbinkimbi engazinzile ngendlela ngasebenzi, isibonelo, by ukwelashwa nge eziyinkimbinkimbi lwe-enzyme-substrate sodium borohydride nemphumela eqinile ukunciphisa. isakhiwo esinjalo ngendlela ezinzile covalent esuselwe kubonakele ku-aldolase enzyme. Kwatholakala ukuthi substrate kuwuthinta nge-e-acid iqembu molecule lysine.

Substrate ixubana enzyme ethile ingxenye okuthiwa isikhungo asebenzayo we-enzyme noma endaweni asebenzayo.

Ngaphansi isikhungo asebenzayo, noma umongo, ukuqonda ukuthi ingxenye enzayimu amaphrotheni-molecule okuyinto ixhunywe substrate (futhi cofactors) futhi kubangela izakhiwo enzymatic engqamuzaneni. Isayithi asebenzayo inquma ngokucacile nomsebenzi okhanda amanye amathuba enzyme futhi kufanele kube ngezinga elithile nobunzima isakhiwo aguqulelwe indlela eduze bese uxhumana molecule substrate, noma izingxenye zalo abahileleke ngokuqondile ukusabela.

Phakathi amaqembu obusebenzayo kuthiwa kwenza kufakwe ingxenye "catalytically asebenzayo" ka-enzayimu futhi ingxenye ukwakha ukuhlinzeka ziyezwana ethize (the yokubopha substrate ukuba enzyme) - lo okuthiwa pin, noma "ihange" (noma adsorption of enzyme indawo esebenzayo).

Lo mshini wezenzo enzyme uchaza Umbono wokuthi Michaelis-Menten equation. Ngokwalo mbono, inqubo okwenzeka ngezigaba ezine.

Lo mshini wezenzo enzyme: Mina Isigaba

Phakathi substrate (C) kanye enzyme (E) kuphakama uxhumano - ezakhiwe EU lwe-enzyme-substrate eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho izingxenye oxhumene by covalent, ionic, amanzi kanye nezinye izibopho.

Lo mshini wezenzo enzyme: IІ esiteji

Substrate echayeke enzyme unamathisele inikwe amandla futhi litholakala ukusabela abafanele we catalysis EU.

Lo mshini wezenzo enzyme: esiteji IІI

EU izimisele catalysis. Lo mbono usekelwa izifundo zokuhlola.

Ekugcineni, IV esiteji libhekene ukukhululwa kwama-molecule enzyme E futhi F. ukulandelana kugucuka imikhiqizo ingaboniswa njengoba ukusabela: E + S - EU EU - * - E + P.

I ngokucacile yesenzo enzyme

enzyme ngamunye izenzo substrate oluthile noma iqoqo lezinhlamvu izinto, okuyizinto ezifanayo isakhiwo. Ngokucacile ka umsebenzi enzymatic ngenxa ukufana kwamazwi esebenzayo indawo ukulungiselelwa substrate. Phakathi nokuxhumana lwe-enzyme-substrate kwakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.