Liyini izwe izinkolo: izici nemininingwane

Ngokuthakazelisayo, amanye isimo ukubeka phambili izici ezingeziwe izinkolo emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, e-USSR, kwakukhona nenqubo owawuthi inkolo emhlabeni kumele abe esikoleni ecacile zefilosofi, abe nethonya elikhulu izenzakalo zomlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko kufanele kuhlobene njengezwe.

Ngokwe-izici eziyisisekelo izinkolo zomhlaba ehlongozwayo ngu UNESCO, abangaba ezintathu:

• Buddhism;
• ubuKristu;
• Islam.

Kukholakala ukuthi abaye bafinyelela emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu ukwazi zenkolo, ezuza ezimenza bazimele abekho ubuzwe kanye nendawo yokuhlala.

Buddhism

Buddhism - futhi ezindala kunazo zonke izinkolo zezwe. It lethiwa umsunguli wayo Buddha, owaphila BC 5-4 leminyaka. e. Buddhism eladabuka engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeNdiya - ngaleso sikhathi ukuthuthukiswa indawo yayo.

Isici ehlukile Buddhism itholakala orientation zayo zesimilo nokuba esisebenzayo. Azizondayo ukunamathisela ukubaluleka ngokweqile ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle sokuphila okungokwenkolo - izikhungo, amasiko, isigaba sabaphathi okungokomoya, futhi ugxilisa ukunaka kwakhe inkinga yokuba khona komuntu.

In Buddhism, ngokungafani ubuKristu nobuSulumane, akukho isikhungo zeSonto. kwakhiwa ukuphila nenkolo emhlabeni zezindela namathempeli, okuyinto kuthuthukise emphakathini lamakholwa, futhi ubani angathola akusekele futhi akuqondise.

Lena inkolo nezimo kakhulu. Engakabi yaso, ugxile eziningi imibono yendabuko abantu kuyo ababethi, wakhuluma nabo ngolimi lwabo namasiko. Ekuqaleni Buddhism kwakwandile phakathi izizwe Eshiya: ikakhulukazi eNingizimu, eMelika Ephakathi East, eRussia - phakathi Tuvan, Kalmyks futhi Buryats. Ngokwe samanje uye laqhubeka landa, futhi abalandeli bakhe ingatholakala eYurophu, eMelika, e-Afrika, e-Australia nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Russia, lapho ngaphambili kwakungeyona.

ubuKristu

Baqala ukusakaza ngasekupheleni koMbuso WamaRoma, azungeze phakathi 1st ekhulwini BC. e. Kwaqinisa isikhundla salo ngokumelene isizinda zezinxushunxushu obuqinile nabanye eMbusweni, edonsa imibono yabantu mayelana welungelo enamandla, ukulingana jikelele kanye nensindiso.

UbuKristu uye wakwazi ngempumelelo ukuba azixoshe zobuqaba inkolo lasendulo neRoma futhi weza ngoba abaningi imibono yakhe kanye nemikhuba bebelokhu baziwa ngokuphakamisa abantu baphuma ebuJudeni. izici ezivamile izimiso zobuJuda nobuKristu - kuyinto inkolelo ukuza kukaMesiya, ukungafi komphefumulo kanye ukhona embusweni kwelizayo.

Kusukela amahlelo disparate ezakhiwe abaye bamukela Kristu njengoMesiya, ubuKristu kancane kancane bakha ithonya elinamandla emphakathini. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwenkathi yokushushiswa yeSonto kwaba ally kuqala futhi enamandla kunazo yombuso wamaRoma mayelana ekuqaleni kwekhulu 3rd.

Nakuba ubuKristu ayesazobhekana ahambe ibanga elide yentuthuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa nezimfundiso preconditions ka imashi yayo ngokunqoba yonke indawo kule planethi kwakhiwa kakade. Ngisho ukwehlukana okwalandela yesonto aluzange luntengantenge ukuthandwa kwakhe.

Islam

Islam - inkolo omncane abathathu. It ludabuka ezindaweni ekuseni 7th ekhulwini BC. e. e eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Arabhiya ihlangabezana wokugoqa kohlelo tribal kwaba wahlukana kakhulu, okwenza kube ababuthakathaka. I ngokucacile yokuzihlanganisa sezizwe zakwa isikhathi esidingekayo nokwakha isimo esisodwa Arab. Le nkinga yaxazululeka kubangelwe ukuvela futhi basakaza Islam.

Umsunguli Islam ubhekwa the Prophet Muhammad. Isici nobuntu le nkolo wukuthi Islam - hhayi nje inkolo kodwa futhi ngendlela ethile yokuphila. Ekuqaleni, kuhloswe ukuba bahlukanise phakathi zezombangazwe nezenkolo, zezombangazwe engcwele.

Naphezu ebusheni bakhe, Islam angabacwasi ngokushesha atholwe izimpawu inkolo emhlabeni. Namuhla kuba Inkolo lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi anolaka, inani eliphelele amaSulumane emhlabeni ingaphezu kwabantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Iningi lazo bahlala e-Asia nase-Afrika.

ukubukwa ehlukile

Naphezu i amagama osungulwe futhi e zenkolo, izinkolo zomhlaba yesimanje futhi izimpawu zabo - umbuzo evulekile ngezindlela eziningi. Nakuba ngokwesiko enjalo ukukhululwa zonke ezintathu, kukhona imibono ehlukene ngale ndaba.

Ngokwesibonelo, Maks Veber nabalandeli bakhe afake inombolo yabo kanye nabanye, ukugqamisa amaningana ezimpawu kakhulu izinkolo emhlabeni. Ngakho, ngokwesiko Weberian, bahlanganisa UbuJuda, ngoba yona yaba nethonya elikhulu ubuKristu nobuSulumane, futhi ubuHindu ubuConfucius, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ezinkolweni izifunda omkhulu kwamasiko, okungesokuthuthukisa bezizwe ezihlukahlukene ekhaya.

inkolo Umhlaba noma inkolo lwesintu?

Kukhona inani elikhulu nososayensi abakholelwayo ukuthi ukhona ethemini siphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi wenza izibonakaliso inkolo emhlabeni untenable ezimweni yesimanje.

Uma kukhona isimo sokunquma kumelwe ibhekwe njengezwe inkolo ethile noma qha emhlabeni, izitshela ukuthi static. Nokho, akunjalo. Izwe lishintsha, futhi isimo sendawo izinkolo kuba bizarre kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke inani elikhulayo amaHindu, nabo ingxenye yomphakathi wamaHindu. Futhi, abameleli abaningi ezingafakwanga phakathi izinkolo zezwe ngokuphindiwe inselele nenqubo yokukhetha, ukunikela ukwamukelwa kwabo uyakufanelekela futhi uzimisele yenkolo yabo umphakathi jikelele.

Sekube imizamo yokuqeda elithi "izinkolo zomhlaba", kanye iziphakamiso ukwethula okunye, isibonelo, "inkolo ophilayo" noma "inkolo lwesintu" nenqubo ethuthuke kakhudlwana futhi ahlukahlukene. Nokho, isivumelwano ngalolu daba emhlabeni yesayensi akukhona, futhi kusadingeka ibanga elide ukuze ubuyekeze inkinga.