Leli dolobhana elinabantu nekrepostnym - zokuhlala mhlophe

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini omnyama nomhlophe isiphetho, umehluko indlela komunye nomunye, kuzomele uqale baqonde okushiwo inkulumo, umsuka waso nokwanda lapho Russia sekukhona la zokwakheka.

Kuyini komnikazi

Umsuka wegama elithi "isiphetho" lisuselwe kwelesiLatini elithi ushintsho kuzo igama elithi 'inkululeko ", okuyinto sichaza okushiwo isivivinyo zebizo. Njengoba sihlobana imizana, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinkampani indawo kusuka okuthile ezikhishwe, cishe, izintela kanye nemisebenzi. Ngisho emashumini eminyaka X-XI yokuqala okukhulunywa leli gama. Esikhathini XII-XVI waqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa yayo lesichubekako, ifinyelele umvuthwandaba wako Romanovs. Ilungiselelo izinzuzo ezithile nhlobo izikhathi owayesebenza njengonobhala isisusa noma ukuthuthukisa umhlaba omusha, kungakhathaliseki sokuthuthukisa yimuphi yokudoba. Izinzuzo abangu nhlobonhlobo, iningi izakhamuzi nemizana noma amaqembu zasemizaneni sezikhululwa kwezintela kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene empini.

umehluko omkhulu

isiphetho White babengafani abamnyama, ogama izakhamuzi bezingakhathazekile basonta ubani, futhi intela ikhokhwe bona. Abaningi babo kwakungamadoda abathengisi noma sezingcweti. Futhi zazihlala kwaba ezindaweni zasemadolobheni edinga ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo kwezohwebo. isiphetho White kwaba ezweni okuqondene yiliphi isonto, noma umnikazi - lord zezwe, ukukhokha izintela kuhulumeni. Isikhathi esining impela, ngakho-ke, ukuhlola emazweni amasha - ukuqedwa intela kanye nemisebenzi bekulokhu isisusa abafuduki. Kulezi zokwakheka ohulumeni - ukuhlangana suburban, wakhethwa imeya. isiphetho White laliyindawo isevisi settlement abantu - The Gunners, Cossacks (okuthiwa Belomestny) ka amasosha olimekayo, dragoons, nokunye. Ngokwesibonelo, Musketeers District Zamoskvorechye ngokuthi ngenxa inani elikhulu amasosha tibheke khona.

Beloslobodskoy boom

I iqhakaza isiphetho ezimhlophe yafinyelelwa ngo emva Isikhathi Nezinkinga Eminyakeni yokuqala. Abantu babaleka ebusweni ngokweqile intela kahulumeni (i-bakuleli dolobha eRussia xv-XVIII c. Kwakukhona eziningi imisebenzi yemali zemvelo) ngaphansi kokubusa izinduna. Ngakho, izintela kwamanye bendawo "neobelennyh" abantu baba ngaphansi yokubala abantu futhi okwanda, okwakuyigama imbangela ukunganeliseki kwabo nasezinxushunxushwini, edume kakhulu owawungumnyaka "Usawoti", esahlanganisa phakathi nokubusa ka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Imbangela kwabheduka ngobukhulu kuvukela ezisemadolobheni kwakuyinto eyayiqala ngqá intela inyuka, ikakhulukazi izimpahla edingekayo ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho, intengo usawoti lenyuka lisuka kwabangaba amasenti emihlanu ezimbili hryvnia Pud.

"Cha, OPRICH eNgophezukonke ..."

Abantu wasukela intela kahulumeni, futhi ngokuzithandela "zakladnichestvo" ngaphansi kokubusa izinduna kwakuthé bhe. Ngo ngenzuzo kwehle kakhulu, futhi 1619 ibizwe Zemsky Sobor, ngale ndaba. Kwanqunywa ukuba ubuyele zonke eyeke kwezindawo ezazihlala ezimhlophe lwabantu esifubeni kwentela kahulumeni. Ukuze sifeze lokhu engathandwa isinqumo umphenyi wadala ukuze, owawuthi emuva engadingeki kanye bendawo runaway zilandelwa futhi wathunyelwa eSiberia. Yaqala kanjalo ukuqedwa nemizana emhlophe. Futhi eyamukelwa 1649. isikhundla UMkhandlu sika uchithwe ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, emva isenzo wokuqala waqala ngokuthi umnyango-bese intela yekhanda, nezindawo zasemadolobheni wathola umkhandlu, nemizana abangu wakuqeda nya ngokuphelele.

inkumbulo zomlando

Kodwa lapha nalaphaya ukuphathwa kwegama labo zayo ezigcinwe kwezinye igama sigodi noma esifundeni endaweni enkulu, anikeza nemicengezi charm ubudala bomhlaba. Isibonelo okuphawuleka Sloboda White. EKursk esifundeni, lapho endaweni Belovo kuyinto sokuqondisa ukudlula noma iyiphi enye, ecebile amagama, ababevela lasendulo. Sloboda White yena welulela phezu lomfula Ilek, nakho kuyinto owumthelela Psel. Eduze emzaneni Girya kanye wesitimela oseduze ibizwa ngokuthi "Lgov GEST." Igama sokuqondisa se-mlando White Sloboda. Lapha, 1664 ixazululwe Cossacks, noma, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, 'ngabantu abamhlophe ", khulula emisebenzini kanye nokukhokha intela. Ngokuvamile, eRussia izwi kwakwandile kakhulu - Sloboda noma Slobodka ngokuthi nemizana, ogama abakhileyo kwakungafanele serfs. Ibizwa nangokuthi ukuhweba noma ingcweti amadolobha. Ngakho-ke, umlando waleli zwe amagama eziningi kangaka, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba eside - isiJalimane, Yamskaya, Ukuhweba, Musketeers District, nokunye.