Le ndoda ohlelweni lokuxhumana komphakathi. isici theory

Noma isiphi isimo kwakungeyona kunoma imuphi umphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yabo ukhathazeke musa, kuba njalo, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ezihlukahlukene ekuhlanganyeleni, abadlali esebenza abantu. Kulokhu, izenzo olulodwa lomuntu musa ucede uhla lokhu kuxhumana, ngoba umuntu ukuphila kwabo social kudala noma wenza ilungu imiphakathi ehlukahlukene wobuntu - namaqembu omphakathi. Ukuhlanganyela ezihlukahlukene ubudlelwano nabanye abantu, kuba yenethiwekhi umgomo lamanani izakhi kwamasiko, ukuziphatha ukuthi siyayamukela kulezi imiphakathi. Ngakho, umuntu e simiso yezenhlalakahle ubudlelwane akuyona kuphela, njengoba umuntu, kodwa futhi iqembu nomphakathi, umphakathi, lelo. Lolu cwaningo zalesi simo isihloko zezingxenye eziningi isayensi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi le ndoda umphathi uhlelo lokuxhumana komphakathi, ifilosofi ibheka ngokuvamile imibuzo global ekuphileni: ngubani umuntu onjalo lokho kuleli zwe, yini ikusasa layo futhi esikhathini esidlule, nokunye.

ukucabangela lwezenhlalo kuhilela isifundo ezindabeni zama-practical. Lizama nezindaba ezifana umyalo: okungukuthi abantu ohlelweni lokuxhumana komphakathi, yini isakhiwo somphakathi, njengoba imvelo ngaphakathi lapho ekuxhumaneni zenzeka. Sociology livela Eqinisweni, Uma unganakile, okuyiqiniso nakuba umphakathi wesintu, okuyinto ekhona emhlabeni, ngokuba ezilinganiselwe ngesibalo, uyakwazi ukudala i ukwehluka pheze esingapheliyo imiphakathi, ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo kanye nezici. Kulesi umbono lwezenhlalo isikisela ukuthi uma lezi imiphakathi ngokwabo, njengabantu ngabanye, izingxenye zawo, fixability okwanele (explicative), lapha akunakwenzeka ukusho lutho mayelana nobudlelwane ukuthi ukuthuthukisa phakathi kwabantu. By the way, leli qiniso khomba ngesikhathi Ogyust Kont - umsunguli wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu njengoba isayensi, elisesifundeni "Philosophy Obuqand 'wagomela ngokuthi lezi ubudlelwane kukhona esicashile, zingabantu incorporeal, eqhubeka. Ukunikela ukwenza ekusebenzisaneni womuntu isihloko isayensi ehlukile, Comté anikeza ugqozi ukuvela eziningana izindlela, izikole yesayensi, imiqondo ezibhekwa inkinga esimele abantu ohlelweni lokuxhumana komphakathi.

Marxism ngokuhunyushwa le nkinga kuphela ngendlela izinto ezibonakalayo, othe le nkampani ngeke ezakhiwe abantu njengoba enjalo, futhi ekuhlanganyeleni nobuhlobo babo, okokuqala - kwezomnotho. Ngendlela efanayo umphakathi futhi indima yomuntu kwi-butholakala eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kabanzi yesimanje. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe endaweni efanayo kwafika sezokuhlalisana kwabantu okukhulu American Pitirim Sorokin, lapho bebeka umbono wakhe we babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo, okuyinto manje zakudala futhi omunye ukwelashwa main emphakathini wanamuhla.

Ukuze sicacise izinkinga owaphakanyiswa isihloko sihloko, kubalulekile, okokuqala kunakho konke, kuvisisa isigaba "nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana", "zokuxhumana". Ezinye izazi bheka it njengoba uhlobo kuyizinhlayiyana aphansi emphakathini, gqoka ngendlela efanayo nezigaba "kuncike nomphakathi", "imisebenzi yomphakathi." Futhi ezinye, yakha isisekelo apharathasi categorical ka-social science.

Enye indlela yokubheka inkinga lizisho ucabangela ubudlelwane nomphakathi nangamehlo. Esikhathini ewumngcingo - nakakhuluma ngobuhlobo kwemiphakathi ethize kwezenhlalo, njengoba umthetho - namaqembu amakhulu yezenhlalakahle nemiphakathi. Ngomqondo ebanzi, ubudlelwano nomphakathi yini ubudlelwano ezingaba khona phakathi kwabantu ngokuhamba nemisebenzi yabo eminingi. Kususelwa kule ndlela, abantu ohlelweni lokuxhumana komphakathi, kokuba afakwe emdlalweni ngamunye amaqembu uxhumana esivuna zalesi simiso enemisebenzi ekuqaleni obakhayo, co-inhlangano co-umlingisi.

Society, noma njengesithunywa eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo kokusebenzisana, Confronts isayensi njengoba ezibucayi udaba, inkinga indlela thize lolu ezihlukahlukene ubudlelwano, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba Yakha elilodwa noma iyiphi phezulu imodeli, Yiziphi zimo typological womuntu izenzo nokunye.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube manje hhayi bukhicite indlela eyodwa methodological ukucacisa umbuzo, ukuthi abantu ohlelweni lokuxhumana komphakathi, yiziphi izitayela Dynamics isikhundla salo ohlelweni.

Materialists hlaziya lesi sici kuphela ngokombono umbono izinto. indlela Non-ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, ukwelapha ngesimo somuntu ohlelweni zobudlelwano nomphakathi, abopha ngoba yindawo yezinto ezingokomoya izakhiwo. Onjalo ukusatshalaliswa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana phezu ezingokomoya futhi - futhi, ungasho kahle. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje, ukuze isayensi kufanele ngokuyinhloko methodological umsebenzi - ukuthola nenqubo ezanele futhi emphakathini efanele ngoba Ukwahlukaniswa yonke ukwehluka akhona nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Ngenxa kodwa le ndlela kuyokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba sihlole indima nendawo yomuntu emphilweni ahlukahlukene imikhakha emphakathini.