Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la amafutha ubunjalo

Lesi Sikhungo esivame ukubizwa uwoyela, "igolide black", njengoba iletha inzuzo ezinhle kubantu, ngubani ukhiqiza ke. Abaningi bafisa ukwazi ukuthi kanjani kwakhiwa uwoyela lokho ngezithako zawo. Ngokulandelayo, ngizame ukukuqonda.

izingxenye ezisemqoka

I Ukwakheka uwoyela yakhiwa izingxenye ezilandelayo:

- Hydrocarbon. Le ngxenye lihlukaniswe yena, naphthenic, i-methane ne izakhi ohlobo elimnandi.

- Asphaltic. iqembu Ohlukene izakhi idatha kanye izinto oncibilikayo uphethiloli. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi asphaltenes. Futhi, izingxenye zingaxazululeki (inhlaka).

- Ash. Lokhu ezahlukene ikhemikhali imiswe phakathi neminyaka omlilo of amafutha.

phetho

Lo mkhiqizo kunhlobo ezimbili. Okungukuthi, kukhona okuhlambalazayo kanye uwoyela elicwengiwe. Esimweni sokuqala ibhekisela into esenzelwa ngokwemvelo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yakhiwa izingxenye zencwadi amatshe, amagesi, amanzi kanye nosawoti. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zingxenye azilutho ewusizo indoda akuzona abakhiqizi uwoyela, futhi kwadala umonakalo imishini, balahle kubo by ekuhlanzeni uwoyela.

Of wathi amaminerali ekhiqizwa zepulasitiki, izihlanzi, upende, iziqhumane. Diesel nophethiloli ikhiqizwa uwoyela kahle. Ngisho amathayi ikhiqizwa lokhu yezimbiwa. Enye amafutha ikhiqizwa ezinye izidakamizwa.

Fossils - material evundile. Futhi kusukela kule ukuguqulwa amandla kwenzeka. Okungukuthi, mechanical, ezishisayo, njll Uma sikawoyela siyingcuba, khona-ke abantu kuyodingeka ukucinga esikhundleni sakhe. Le into uzothatha indawo ka-okungenzeka kakhulu hydrogen eziqukethwe amanzi. Kodwa isintu esisazokufunda nokuthi bayifeze kanjani amandla kuyi-hydrogen. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bebelokhu abasebenza ngalolu daba.

Yayinjani uwoyela?

Ake sicabangele leli phuzu kabanzi. Kunemibono ezimbili zendlela amafutha kwakhiwa. Bona Okwamanje unama abaphikisi babo futhi abasekeli kososayensi.

Theory № ngokuthi biogenic 1. Ngokusho kwakhe, imfundo, inqubo uwoyela kwenziwa kwezinsalela ahlukahlukene organic zezitshalo nezilwane phezu izigidi zeminyaka. Lo mbono wayebulawa kuqala phambili isazi sesayensi esidumile Russian Mikhail Lomonosov

impucuko Human okhula ngokushesha okuningi kunalokho ngesilinganiso kumiswa uwoyela. Ngakho-ke, it is a non-ivuselelwe semithombo yendalo. Ngokwe-theory biogenic, namafutha ngeke uphelelwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Abanye ososayensi babikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa "igolide abamnyama" liyokuma kungekho eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-30.

Omunye umbono uwukuthi abeneme okuningi futhi linikeza ithemba inkampani enkulu namafutha. Call ke abiogenic. Umsunguli lo mbono kwaba DI Mendeleev. Ngolunye usuku, uyazivakashela Baku, wahlangana ne isazi sokuma abadumile Germanom Abihom ukuthi naye wabe imicabango yakhe mayelana kwakhiwa kanjani amafutha. Abikh waphawula ukuthi zonke imali enkulu yale amaminerali zitholakala ngokuyinhloko eduze Vala imifantu of koqweqwe.

Ephawula lolu lwazi, Mendeleev wadala bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe siqu mayelana nendlela kwakhiwa amafutha ngokwemvelo. Lithi amanzi ebusweni, okuyinto zijule zidlule emhlabeni cortical emifantwini, ihlangana izinsimbi kanye carbides yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, hydrocarbon akhiwa. Ziphuma kancane kancane phezu imifantu ofanayo ungqimba lomhlaba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zindawo ekhiqizwa uwoyela ensimini. Le nqubo ithatha iminyaka engaphezu 10.

Lo mbono ngendlela amafutha kwakhiwa emhlabathini, enika ilungelo uvumele ososayensi ukuthi amasheya we ketshezi kuyoba okwanele amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Okungukuthi ezifakwa lokhu yezimbiwa ingabuyiswa, uma lowo muntu ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa stop. Lokhu kwenziwa nemibandela njalo ukwanda nakanjani engenakwenzeka. Omunye ithemba uhlala for imali entsha. Namhlanje, sisebenzela ukuhlonza ubufakazi yakamuva iqiniso abiogenic theory. Usosayensi eMoscow Akwaziwa selukhombisile ukuthi uma ukufuthelana degrees 400 iyiphi hydrocarbon okuyinto anazo polinaftenovoy ingxenye, ngeke sikhululeke amafutha ahlanzekile. Lena qiniso libalulekile.

uwoyela yokufakelwa

ungathola lo mkhiqizo egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. It afunda ukuyenza kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Kungani abantu ukhiphe namafutha ezijulile ngaphanzi komhlaba, futhi musa ukuthole nge zamagama? Iqiniso lokuthi kuzoba value nemakethe ekulu. Isithelo sawo lalihamba kahle kakhulu.

Iqiniso lokuthi lo mkhiqizo bangathola endaweni yokucwaninga ukuze uqinisekise theory ngenhla abiotic. muva nje kusekelwa eziningi.

Ngenxa yakha igesi yemvelo

Cabanga, ukuqhathanisa, umsuka amaminerali. Nokufa eziphilayo, awela phansi kolwandle, kukhona endaweni lapho futhi ukubola ngu namachibi (kukhona cishe awekho emoyeni kanye nowe-oxygen), noma isenzo kwamagciwane. Ngenxa yalokho zazo kwakheka inhlabathi silty. Ngenxa ukunyakaza Geological, behlela ekujuleni kolwandle, ekujuleni ezibilinini zomhlaba. Phezu izigidi zeminyaka lezi inhlabathi abavezwe okushisa aphakeme kanye nezingcindezi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathatha inqubo ethile kulezi inhlabathi. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana carbon okuyinto eziqukethwe inhlabathi, lidlule ibe izakhi ngokuthi hydrocarbon. Le nqubo nemaloznachimym kwetinhlavu lomcebo wathi.

Eliphezulu yamangqamuzana isisindo hydrocarbon kukhona izinto eziwuketshezi. Wabo futhi ukudala uwoyela. Kodwa ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo izinto kukhona hydrocarbon uhlobo gaseous. Emvelweni, uthole inani elikhulu kubo. Vele eyodwa kanye negesi yemvelo eyatholakala. lokhu kuphela kudinga ingcindezi ephakeme kanye lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho uwoyela akhishwa, kuba njalo samanje, kanye negesi yemvelo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imali eziningi zalezi namaminerali waya ukujula eside. Izigidi zeminyaka baye ivinjiwe amatshe sedimentary.

Ukunqunywa kwamanani kawoyela

Cabangela lokhu futhi amagama. Ngezinye intengo kawoyela ukutholakala imali isilinganiso okulingana kwaneliswe isidingo. Kukhona ubuhlobo nabathile. Okusho ukuthi, uma isiphakamiso uwela ke ukuze luhambisane nale izindleko funa liphuma.

Intengo kawoyela futhi kuncike ikusasa noma izivumelwano umkhiqizo ohlukile. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile. I okusheshayo uwoyela ikhotheshini ngezinye izikhathi kuzuzisa ukudayisa ikusasa kwi isitokwe indices. Izindleko umkhiqizo kuvezwa esakhiweni samazwe ngamazwe. Okungukuthi, ngamadola wase-US umphongolo. Ngakho, izindleko 45,50 ku UKOIL kusho ukuthi 1 esekhonjwe Brent wathi umkhiqizo izindleko $ 45,50.

Intengo kawoyela - kuba inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu stock market yeRussia. Inani layo kunethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izwe. Ngo Dynamics jikelele lokhu Inkomba kunqunywa onjani isimo somnotho e-United States. Kubalulekile ukwazi ekubhekaneni umbuzo kwakhiwa kanjani intengo amafutha. Ukubikezela ngempumelelo okubakhona kwemakethe isitokwe kudinga ukubuyekeza yenani amaminerali ngesikhathi esithile (isonto elilodwa), futhi hhayi lokho kuphela, yini intengo namuhla.

yi

Lokhu okungenhla eqhukethe imininingwane ewusizo. Ngemva kokufunda lo mbhalo, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuqonda isinqumo of umbuzo kanjani uwoyela negesi ikhiqizwa imvelo.