Kuyini nokutjhugulula? Nokutjhugulula credit izikhungo

Ukutadisha umbuzo ukuthi ukwanda dolobha, kufanele kusho ukuthi lena inqubo okudume kakhulu njengoba indlela evelele ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zezimali kanye nezomnotho. States abaningi esikhathini kusuka 2008 kuya ku-2009 walungiselela izikhungo zezimali ezingeni dolobha yokuqala. Namuhla, inqubomgomo luqhutshwa eRussia. Emuva ngo-2008, ngosizo lwezimali ukuze yangasese futhi amabhange kahulumeni kanye eziningi izinkampani commercial lesite lelive ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi.

Kangakanani umjovo we izimali?

Ukwethulwa izimali emabhange esicindezelekile kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa uhulumeni ayethanda ukwabelana kanye nezinye kwezezimali ezihlakaniphile ezivumelana izinga ezingeni lokuqala. Nokutjhugulula credit izikhungo ngumbuso ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa wezabelo ezijwayelekile weemali labetibambile ingasaphathwa njalo. Uma ucabangela izibalo, singasho ukuthi kusukela amabhange amahlanu ngobukhulu American ngezikhathi zeziyaluyalu, 23 kuphela Uthole wombuso aid. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani usizo Kuye kwanikezwa izikhungo 15 kuphela, okuhambelana 76% no-40% we-pre-crisis ofeleba komkhakha wamabhange. Ngokwemininingwane enikezwa yi-IMF, isilinganiso Uhlelo nokutjhugulula ngezindleko umphakathi entwasahlobo ka 2009 lalingu-3% we-GDP.

Capital Yandisa eRussia

Uma ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kwanda dolobha, kumelwe sibheke isimo eRussia. UMongameli Russian Putin wasayina umthetho phezu nokutjhugulula izikhungo zezimali e inani ruble 1 isigidintathu ngokukhipha OFZ (federal loan izibopho). Ngokusho abalobi umthetho, impahla umnikelo kumele zenziwe Idiphozithi Insurance Agency. It, kuyobe phambili izimali amabhange ukwenza izibopho zabo ku isici isikweletu ukubuyiswa kwemali ukuze emabhange, ukubolekisa kanye isibopho izikweletu. Izimali uzoqondiswa amasheya encomekayo. UHulumeni isuke anawo ejensi umshwalense BFL at e lemali eshiwo ngenhla, okuyokwenza ukuba asekele amabhange yasekhaya esimweni esibucayi.

Imaphi amathuba owenza ikhambi?

Lo mthethosivivinywa, owawuthi oyokwenziwa nokutjhugulula credit izikhungo eRussia, wayelungiselela isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa isimo eziwohlokayo zomnotho kuleli zwe ngokuqondene unswinyo yi-West ngaphansi khahlela hit emkhakheni wezezimali. Ochwepheshe abaningi babikezela ngisho ngokuzenzakalelayo kulo mkhakha. Lemali nokusizwa kwalabo abangaboni ingxenye yezimali, uzobe uvalwe elawulwa. Lokhu emhlanganweni lohleliwe uzwakalise usihlalo we-Accounting Chamber Golikova. Ezezimali uNgqongqoshe Siluanov izibikezelo zisikisela ukuthi bill emva ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele Kufanele andise inani yenhloko-dolobha yasebhange hhayi ngaphansi kuka-13%. Lonke inani lesikweletu esikhathini esifushane kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ngamaphesenti okungenani 15-20%. Kwamenyezelwa ukuthi zonke isukela DIA OFZ uzobe kabusha isabelomali sikahulumeni.

Lapho izidingo yasebhange ukwesekwa?

ebhange ngamunye has dolobha yaso, esakhiwa izimali siqu yezezimali. Njengengxenye yisikhungo sezinhlangano eziphambili zezezimali impahla ukuthi abatshali bezimali kanye nokunikeza izinkampani angawelinye isigaba ethile. Capital Bank iqoqa by ekuheheni izimali bezimali - kokubili abantu ngabanye kanye naso izakhiwo kwezohwebo. Yena aboleke. Kulokhu, lo isikhungo sezezimali inikeza ukubolekisa at ephakeme zenzalo. Umehluko phakathi ukukhokhelwa inzalo emalini ebolekwe nesithakazelo loan futhi inikeza zezimali inkampani. Ezikhathini zobunzima, ehlome outflow capital ezivela eRussia, ababoleka eziningi ebhange, hhayi kuphela awabuyelanga esikweletini, kodwa ingakwazi ukuyikhokhela ngisho isithakazelo kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwehluleka isabelomali kwamiswa, futhi ibhange ingasakwazi ukufeza izibopho zabo ukuba abatshalizimali. Shintsha isimo kusiza nokutjhugulula amabhange. Kuyini, baqonde nje. Eqinisweni, futhi ngefomethi lula - lena inkokhelo isimo loans ezimbi enombono ukugcina zezimali izikhungo zezimali ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Kungani uhulumeni nokutjhugulula?

Uma ucabangela imigomo yempikiswano uhulumeni ukuthi inhlokodolobha ezifana ukwanda, inqubo kungenziwa ngokuthi umzamo ukugwema isimo ukwethuka. Uma izikhungo zezimali ngobuningi ngeke ukufeza izibopho zayo ngenxa ongaphakeme dolobha nokwanela, kuzobangela injabulo. Abantu ngeke bakamalalahlengezela ukuhoxisa izimali ezivela imali kanye ukuhoxisa izimali, okungakwazi kuholele ukutjhatjalaliswa isabelomali, kodwa futhi nikhuthaze kuya eqinile gxuma izifundo. Ukukhishwa loan subordinated okuzokwenziwa yaqondaniswa nge fixed capital futhi eqinisekisa ukuzinza lonke uhlelo yasebhange, kungenzeka ukuthi igama elithi "inhlokodolobha ukwanda". Futhi inqubo namuhla oke kuncike ezingaphezu kweyodwa ebhange. Ngakho, ukwanda dolobha kwenziwa, "Delta Bank", "Agricultural Bank", "VTB". Futhi nje ezimbalwa uhlu izikhungo zezimali ukuthi uhulumeni isekela. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho, isibophezelo loan subordinated abazenzi e baphendukela zokugcina.

Lokho eqinisweni ukunikeza ukubolekisa subordinated?

Isekela Usihlalo Central Bank of Russia Mikhail Sukhov wathi ukuthi nokutjhugulula "Rosselkhozbank", eqinisweni, efana nezinye izinhlangano zezimali, kufanele ahlinzeke ingcindezi phansi ku zenzalo emkhakheni kwezomnotho kwangempela. Esikhathini esizayo, it oyokwenziwa ekulinganiseni phakatsi kwemkhakha kwezomnotho kanye emakethe yezimali yezwe, okuyinto manje on the esengozini okuzenzakalelayo. Izimali ukuthi zizohanjiswa kusukela DIA amabhange, akufanele kube kuncike intela. Uhulumeni waseRussia eliye lakwenza isikimu ukusekela isimo uhlelo lwezimali ngo-2008, owanikhipha Imiphumela umxhwele. Isinqumo ukugwema ucabanga kwabaningi zokuthenga ngesikweletu, londoloza okuningi zimali kusuka ukulahleka.

Yikuphi zokuthenga ngesikweletu bangase bathembele ekusekelweni uhulumeni?

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo umbuzo ukuthi ukwanda dolobha ebhange, kufanele sinake neqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke izikhungo zezimali zisekelwa isimo. Uhlu Amabhange ukhetha futhi livuma DIA. Ngokusho RBC, ku loans subordinated bangathembela 27 izikhungo, inhloko-dolobha engesiyo ruble esingaphansi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-25. Of ngokusemthethweni labelwe ukusekela emkhakheni wezezimali ruble 1 trillion aid langempela ngeke azisizi Inani bhiliyoni 830. Umbandela esiyinhloko ukukhethwa izinkampani ukuba bazimisele kakhulu ukwandisa uwukuboleka real emkhakheni wezomnotho e nezindawo eziseqhulwini kuhulumeni. Njengoba kushiwo ngokuphindaphindiwe, nokutjhugulula amabhange (lokho okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla) is hhayi okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana nobunzima ezikhungweni elinezinkathazo zezimali. Ngezinye kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo kunenjongo oqondile.

Imibandela okumele ilandelwe ibhange

Lucky hlu lufaka izikhungo zezimali, ogama imisebenzi ukuhlangabezana kwezilinganiso ezivunyelwe. Kuyinto ukutholakala dolobha e inani ruble 25 billion, lona wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhange-isicelo kwadingeka kuleminyaka emibili iminyaka ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa uwukuboleka emkhakheni yangempela emnothweni. Ukunwetshwa isiqondiso kufanele okungenani 12%. Ngokuhambisana nenqubo yokukhetha, isikhungo sezimali kumele kube indlela ezinzima akhokhe abasebenzi babo: ukukhuphuka elinganiselwe, bengangesabi mina, amaholo ubuncane amalungu ebhodi kanye ibhodi labaqondisi. inqubomgomo okuqinile kufanele usebenze-aspect idividendi ekubalweni zimali. Kulinganiselwa wokulungiselela, aid sizocutshungulwa zikhungo wezimali:

• "VTB" uzothola ruble 307 billion.
• Isipele iphuzu "VTB" - ruble 193 billion.
• Nokudayisa "indodakazi" ka "VTB 24" - ruble 65,8 amabhiliyoni.
• "Ibhange lase-Moscow" - ruble 49 bhiliyoni.

uhlelo Anti-Inkinga

Ukutadisha umbuzo ukuthi ukwanda dolobha, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi leli gama lisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela maqondana credit izikhungo. ngosizo lwezimali oluvela enhlanganweni isimo kungenzeka inzuzo izinkampani nanoma iziphi ezinye izinhlangano ezisiza ukubuyisela umnotho wezwe. Uhlelo okuhloswe ngazo ekulweni esibucayi, ihlele ukuchitha ruble mayelana 2.3 trillion. I nokutjhugulula nalehleliwe inkampani, okuyiwona, ngasendleleni, isikhungo sezimali uye okwamanje zinqotshwe, isivele isebenze ekuqaleni ngekota yokuqala ka kulo nyaka. Amabhange ukuthi zithola ukwesekwa sebelithathile eziningi ukuzibophezela. Kufanele wandise ivolumu mortgage abolekise ngesilinganiso okungenani 1% ngenyanga, ukwandisa inani ayeyiboleke amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhungweni zezimali kufanele kwandiswe nekomkhulu lalo ngu inani elilingana kwesigamu usizo kwasinikeza ukwaziswa. Ukukhulisa inkokhelo ukuze bonke abasebenzi isikhungo sezezimali banqatshelwe ngoba eminyakeni emithathu ezayo.

Kukuyiphi imikhakha sihlelelwe ukukhipha ukubolekisa subordinated?

Njengoba aziwa kakade, usizo lwezimali zizonikezwa ezingeqile kwezingama-30 amabhange isiRashiya, kuhlanganise nethi "VTB". Capital sengezo sizokhokhela ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Ezolimo - in inani ruble 10 bhiliyoni.
• umkhakha Izithuthi - 5 bhiliyoni. Kusho kuphela nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ohlelweni ukuphathwa kwemfucuza.
• Credit uxhaso ukuze amabhizinisi - 5 bhiliyoni.
• Izifunda uzothola billion ukuthengwa kwezimoto egijima ku igesi yemvelo.

Isimo kwezibalo kuhlehlwe ukuba ushiye imali ukuzivikela wezwe, kutenhlalakahle. On ekulweni abangasebenzi sihlelelwe ukukhokha ruble 82,2 amabhiliyoni. It ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukutshala ekubuyiselweni umnotho isimo sika okungenani kwezigidi eziyizi-100, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kwanqunywa ukuba kukhawulwe thina ruble 23 bhiliyoni kuphela imikhakha asebenzayo.

"Gazprom" ukusiza

Ngaphezu Ukukhishwa ukubolekisa subordinated ezikhungweni zezimali, umongameli waphakamisa umbuzo ngokuqondene nalokho ofeleba engeziwe alesi sihloko 'Gazprom "akuyona ezingabalulekile kangako ngokuphindaphindiwe. UMongameli Russian wayenamandla imprudence ukuba ngokusemthethweni athembisa uxhaso kuhulumeni. Empeleni lo mthethosivivinywa sinqatshiwe, njengoba kutholakala ukuthi corporation esikhulu uyakwazi ngokuzimela ukuthola imali ukuqaliswa kwe-project ukuze kwakhiwe ipayipi ukuthutha igesi Russian China. Ukuqalisa iphrojekthi baliklasi lonkhe isidingo ukuchitha yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 55, 25 zazo kakade ukuthi uyakumnika China ngokwayo - uzakwethu we United Russia-BRICS kanye SCO. Russian Ministry of Finance akuyona nje imibuzo rationalism yephrojekthi, kuba beqiniseka ukulahlekelwa kwayo, nokutjhugulula VEB ubukeka iphrojekthi yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlanganweni amalungu kahulumeni yezwakala nemishwana ukuthi izindleko isimo njalo okwandayo, futhi lesi akusona isikhathi sokuzinza sokuchitha kwesabelomali isimo ukusekela amaphrojekthi womuntu ongabazisayo.