Kuyini ikhoma? Izimpawu ikhoma sinyathelo futhi ngezigaba

Igama elithi "ikhoma" kubolekwe isiGreki ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "ubuthongo obukhulu."

Kuyini ikhoma?

Izimpawu ikhoma zimi okusithiyayo noma abukhali unyathela amabhuleki umsebenzi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngokuqinisekile kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Man akasabeli ukukhanya, umsindo nezinye ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Kwephule isiqondiso eziyisisekelo imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni. Coma ngokuvamile inkinga eyingozi yesifo, okuyinto inkimbinkimbi inqubo yokutakula. Kuye izizathu, okuyizinto ezibangela equlekile, kungagcina ngokushesha noma, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni, noma kancane kancane. Izibonakaliso eyinhloko ikhoma kungenzeka phezu amahora ambalwa, noma izinsuku, futhi isikhathi engabe welapha isimo ukuwohloka kungagwenywa. Ngakho, ubani kumele lithathwe ngokuthi isimo sibi sokugembula lapho isidingo kompeksnaya yokwelapha kusaqalwa nokubonakaliswa. Ngakho-ke, sitholakele "ikhoma" lufakwa hhayi kuphela esigulini, akasilaleli ngokugcwele izici zangaphandle, kodwa endabeni Ukukhipha ukwazi ngenkathi sigcina ingqondo eziyisisekelo.

Isithombe basemtholampilo ikhoma isuselwe kuvisisa zako algorithm nolwazi yizifo nezinhlupheko ezihlukahlukene, pathologies njengesifo sikashukela, hypnotics futhi ubuthi by izinto psychotropic, uremia, ezingasetshenziswa lapho uxoxa ngale isimo.

Izinhlobonhlobo uthi comatose

Kukhona izifo eziningi okungaba inkinga ka ikhoma. Izimpawu ikhoma, omsakazo yayo efunde ngokuningiliziwe NK Bogolepov, ngakushaya angaphezu kuka-30 izinhlobo kulesi simo. ingxenye encane usosayensi kuphela kwavela njengoba isifo ezimele, kuyilapho asele syndromes steel kanye nezinkinga. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akungenxa sifo kubantu ezihlukene kungadala equlekile. Inkinga iba ukuhlukumeza we homeostasis kwamakhemikhali, hemodynamics, kanye nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene ne ukusebenza evamile ubuchopho. Systematization ikhoma zaholela ekwakhekeni izigatshana ezilandelayo.

Coma, zezinzwa

Bona neposredstenno elihlobene ne isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• okwathi zingaveli unhlangothi;
• apoplectiform ikhoma;
• ikhoma sokuwa;
• owabangela ukulimala, ezifana ingqondo kuhlasimulise;

• ikhoma kubangelwa okuvela izinqubo ukuvuvukala kanye izimila benign nesibulalayo asebuchosheni ulwelwesi lwalo.

Coma nge endocrine iziyaluyalu

Yini eyaholela kulokho ikhoma? Izimpawu ikhoma avele njengoba ukuhluleka esikhathini izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni ngenxa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone asanele noma ngokweqile. Uma kuhlelwe lincane, khona-ke equlekile

• sikashukela;
• gipokortikoidnaya;
• hypothyroid;
• gipopituitarnaya.

Uma umzimba amahomoni amaningi noma umthamo ngendlela engafanele ayabelwe izidakamizwa hormone, ingaqala thyrotoxic futhi equlekile hypoglycemic.

Uma siyabhubha amanzi electrolyte ukulingana umzimba

Lapho umzimba womuntu ahlangabezane amanzi emzimbeni, ukungabi izakhi macro- futhi trace, nosawoti, kanye nezakhi ezidingekayo ukuze sivale lapho sisilela ukulahlekelwa amandla, nakho angase awele equlekile. Kulesi simo kukhona ezimbili kusekelwe uhlobo:

• hlorgidropenicheskuyu ngubani okungukuthi, uma isiguli akagcini isikhathi eside ukuhlanza okukhulu, isibonelo, endabeni stenosis pyloric;
• isimo dystrophic alimentary-comatose, ngamanye amazwi, ikhoma ekufeni.

Kahle negesi lokushintshisana, okubangela equlekile

Izimpawu zaloluhlobo zinzima yokushodelwa umoya enikeziwe kule izinkinga umgudu wokuphefumula. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Lokhu hypoxia kubangelwa yokushodelwa umoya enikeziwe kusukela ngaphandle (kwenzeka icala ngenxa yokungawutholi umoya hypoxia hypobaric, kanye kwegazi, igazi ongaphakeme lapho ayegcwele-mpilo, kanti ngesikhathi kwempilo kwegazi);
• ikhoma yokuphefumula, okungase yena, selihlukene laba zokuphefumula acidotic palsy futhi zokuphefumula.

ukuhluleka zokuphefumula, kubangelwa anoxia, hypercapnia, ukwephulwa lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo negesi lokushintshisana izinqubo emaphashini - izimpawu ezivamile equlekile lokhu zenyathi.

Coma ukudakwa ngenxa

Ivelele eqenjini ehlukile ngoba kuphakamisa ukudakwa endogenous ohambisana toksoinfektsii, izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo, pancreatitis, esingamahlalakhona kwezinso futhi hepatic, noma imiphumela ku Ubuthi chemical: phosphorus organic compounds, tjwala, tidzakamiva, bohlanga "barbiturate" kanye nezinye izidakamizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu ngeengaba eqinile nakho ngeke kusize khona ikhoma aetiology engaziwa noma exubile, lapho akunakwenzeka ukuhlonza isizathu esisodwa ecacile, isibonelo, endabeni ikhoma ezishisayo kubangelwa okweqile yokukhula komzimba wonke. Nakuba eminye imithombo attribute ke eqenjini zezinzwa.

Ukubukeka elandelayo ngesikhathi ngazinye, okwenzeka kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo ikhoma.

ikhoma sikashukela: ngezigaba

ikhoma sikashukela, izici iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kamuva, kubangelwa lapho kuntuleka umzimba insulini sikashukela kungenziwa ebonakaliswa ezahlukeneyo ezintathu: giperketonemicheskaya, hyperosmolar, giperlaktatsidemicheskaya. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ingqondo equlekile" kusukela ngesikhathi Yiqiniso waphawula yayo ubuchopho edema ngenxa yokuthi ukwehlisa amazinga insulin kanye osmolarity egazi cerebral kuyahlukahluka ehlukile.

Lapho amazinga kashukela egazini bayanda kakhulu, kuza ikhoma hyperglycemic. Kuyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu asebekhulile. Kutfutfukisa kancane kancane, ngokuvamile phezu izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Izimpawu ikhoma hyperglycemic:

• acetone isizindamininingwane esiqinisekayo
• pallor kanye isikhumba esomile;
• ukungakuthandi ukudla;
• constriction balezi zingane;
• ubuhlungu esiswini;
• tachycardia;
• encishisiwe imisipha ithoni;
• ukudala isiphithiphithi.

Ngokushesha ziqala ukubonisa izimpawu zokuqala equlekile, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo shayela "ambulensi." Uma ungenzi ngesikhathi, umuntu uyayeka ukuba baphendule izici zangaphandle namathonya.

ikhoma hypoglycemic

Ngo iziguli sikashukela, ushukela ngeke ukwazi kuphela kwanda kakhulu, kodwa futhi ungazenzi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa aphumule isikhathi eside kungekho phakathi ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, noma esimweni ukusetshenziswa alokogolya. ikhoma hypoglycemic, izimpawu zazo echazwe ngezansi, it is ithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu. Kungaba kuzalwa:

• sizibona indlala;
• ukukhathazeka;
• Ukucasuka futhi ukungahlaliseki;
• izinga lokushisa emzimbeni ongaphakeme;
• engajulile ukuphefumula okusheshayo;
• ukujuluka owandiswayo;
• isicanucanu, migraine;
• palpitations inhliziyo;
• ukuphazamiseka visual;
• ukwazi OAmaKristu;
• abafundi osuke usuvulekile ;
• hypertonicity kwemisipha.

Lapho ukubonakaliswa zonke noma ingxenye izici ezidingekayo usizo lokuqala, ehlanganisa ekuphathweni emthanjeni, okuphindaphindiwe uma kunesidingo, isixazululo glucose, bese ongama - epinephrine.

isigaba ka ikhoma

Sekutholakele ukuthi kukhona ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, ngoba lapho eba ikhoma, ikhoma Izimpawu obuhlukahlukene omsakazo ukunquma kobukhulu inqubo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela okufunwayo izigaba eziningana equlekile.

1. Precoma. Lapha isiguli libhekene izimpawu eziningana kunalokho eziphikisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ngiqaphele esilufifi, ukwehluleka kumumo kwendawo, uyephuza, futhi ngakolunye, ukucasuka kungenzeka, ukulahlekelwa ukuhlobanisa izinto, kodwa relfeksy main bunjalo.
2. Coma idigri yokuqala. Lona uma isiguli cishe ukuya contact, akusho nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle, kuba kakhulu sensitive ngisho eziningi ubuhlungu, kukhona hypertonicity imisipha futhi ukungabi namizwa receptor isikhumba. Abafundi kuleli cala ukukhanya usabela, kodwa kungahluka izinkomba ezahlukene, njengoba e-strabismus.
3. Coma besigaba sesibili ngenxa yokungabi bikho ephelele yokuxhumana, kuba cishe engenakwenzeka ubuhlungu yokusabela: esiphezulu umuntu kungaba vula amehlo ayo. Kukhona ongumashiqela wamathumbu ukunyakaza futhi kwesinye, ukunyakaza esingalawuleki izingalo nemilenze, zinamandla abukhali nemisipha rasslabenie. Abafundi cishe musa basabela ukukhanya.
4. Coma degree lwesithathu. ukwazi unqamukile ngokuphelele, asabela ngayo ukukhanya ubuhlungu, ingcindezi encishisiwe, ingqondo, futhi izinga lokushisa, ukuphefumula kancane, ezingavamile, engajulile. Man "sihambahamba ngokwalo".
5. Coma degree lesine. Ayikho ukuphendula siyenzeka ngokuphelele, ingqondo, ithoni, ingcindezi aphansi kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa komzimba, emishinini yokuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile zinyamalale.

Coma kungavuka indaba ngemizuzwana, amaminithi, noma izinsuku. Ngokwemvelo, kancane kulapho sikhula, maningi amathuba isiguli ukubuyela esimweni esivamile. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi uyephuza esibhedlela uma ukuthola e yena noma omunye othandekayo izimpawu zokuqala ukuqala ikhoma.

Kungakhathaliseki Izibikezelo evumayo incike ngobucayi ikhoma, kanye ngokushesha kangakanani neyaziwayo ukubonakaliswa zalo eziyinhloko, futhi waqala ukuze akuqede. Coma, ephelezelwa ukulimala kobuchopho, has a Izibikezelo abampofu e yokwehluleka kwesibindi. Ithemba umphumela omuhle kungenzeka endabeni equlekile sikashukela, utshwala kanye hypoglycemic, kodwa kuphela uma ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele kwenziwa.

Uma sikhuluma nge-ikhoma nabanesithuthwane, akadingi khona ukwelashwa. Le ndoda ephaphama bebodwa emva izici pathogenic phezani simthonye.

Khumbula ukuthi ngisho kokuthi esesibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa ungadluli benganakwa futhi kungenzeka zibulale isimo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.