Konstantinov cross: value, isithombe

Yonke inkolelo yenkolo inesethi yayo yezimpawu ezingokomoya. Zombili zingadlala indima yezinkampani ezinamabala, futhi zithwale incazelo ejulile ye-Sacral-mystery. UbuKristu akuyona into ehlukile kulo mthetho. Ngakho konke ukungazethembi kwayo (okwamanje wamanje) kuhlobo oluthile lokubonakaliswa nokuqhathaniswa kwesayensi, lakhulisa izimpawu zalo, ngezikhathi ezithile ezingemnandi futhi ezihlukahlukene. Enye yalezi zimpawu, okungukuthi okuthiwa isiphambano seNkosi uKonstantine, izocatshangelwa kulesi sihloko.

Inganekwane yemvelaphi yesiphambano sikaConstantine

Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, lesi sibonakaliso akusona isiphambano. Ngokufanele kuyobizwa ngokuthi i-monogram - uphawu olunezinhlamvu eziningana, olubonisa umfanekiso wesimo esithile semfundiso yenkolo - uJesu Kristu. Ngokomlando we-Christian, uKonstantinov wadlulela indima ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesonto. Ngamandla nokubaluleka, uyesibili kuphela esivumelwaneni esivamile.

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka kumaKristu? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inikezwa ngendaba elandelayo: ekuqaleni kwenkathi yobuKristu, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesine, kwavela ukungqubuzana eMbusweni wamaRoma phakathi kwabameleli ababili bamandla - uMaxentius noConstantine. Umphumela we-discord kwaba yimpi, eyaziwa ngokuthi iMpi ye-Mulva Bridge (312). Ebusuku bempi, uphawu oluthile luvele esibhakabhakeni, umbusi uConstantine , ephelezelwa umbhalo othi "Ngaphansi kwalesi sibonakaliso uzowina." Ephefumulelwe yisimangaliso, uConstantine wayala ukuba kuvezwe lesi sibonakaliso ezikhungweni zempi, kanye nokubeka e-labarum - ibhanna lenkosi.

Ngempela, njengoba enqobile ngokuphumelelayo empini, uConstantine wenza lesi sibonakaliso isisekelo sokunyathelisa komuntu siqu nesimo sesimo sakhe. Yena ngokwakhe waba yindoda yokholo lobuKristu. Futhi nakuba kwaze kwaba yilapho engakabhapathiziwe, eseqalile igunya lakhe, wamisa unomphela ukushushiswa nokushushiswa kwamaKristu eMbusweni wamaRoma. Lesi cross Konstantinov yi-Christogram yamanje esetshenziswa emasontweni. Elinye igama layo lingumKristu.

Kubonisa lo mlando weqiniso noma cha, kodwa kwenza kucace ukuthi kungani amaKristu ewazisa kangaka futhi abonga ngalesi sibonakaliso. Waguqula inkambo yomlando, waphendukela umbusi - umpristi omkhulu wamaqaba - ohlangothini lamaKristu, ngenxa yalokho iqembu elincane labalandeli bakaJesu laba yinhlangano eningi kakhulu yenkolo emhlabeni.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kukaChristogram

Umthombo wokuqala owaziwa, okhuluma isiphambano sikaConstantine Omkhulu, ngumsebenzi wesazi-mlando wesonto uLactantius (320). Ukhiqiza inguqulo engenhla yemicimbi ngokufakazela ukuthi lesi senzakalo sasihambisana nezwi elilimini lesiGreki eliphindaphindiwe ngokubhalwe kwesiLatini.

Esinye isazi-mlando sesonto, kanye nomlando womuntu siqu kaConstantine, u-Eusebius, uMbhishobhi we-Neoecasary, ngezikhathi ezehlukene wabika ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zemvelaphi kaChristogram. Ngokwekuqala, wabonakala kumbusi wesikhathi eside ngaphambi kuka-312, ngesikhathi eseGaul. Noma kunjalo, kamuva wenqaba le nguqulo, eqondisa incazelo yakhe kwimibono evunyelwe ngokuvamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ebhekisela embikweni womlomo we-emperor ngokwakhe, ucacisa ukuthi uphawu olubonakala luphelile ilanga futhi, kanye noConstantine, lo mbono wawubonwa yilo lonke ibutho, elihlanganisa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane.

Umthombo wesithathu uwubufakazi obomunye walawo masosha abahlanganyele empini ye-Mulvian Bridge futhi amehlo akhe abhekiswa esibhakabhakeni esiphambeni seConstantinov. Igama lakhe ngu-Artemije, futhi indaba yakhe ihlose ukuveza umbusi uJulian umPhostoli, owaziwa, owenqaba ubuKristu, enquma ukubuyisela kabusha izikhungo zobuqaba eMbusweni WaseRoma. U-Artemy wabulawa yibo.

Umsuka weChristogram

Ucwaningo lwezomlando lubonisa ukuthi i-Crisis inemvelaphi yangaphambi kobuKhristu futhi, cishe, iboleke futhi ilandelwa abaholi besonto ngezizathu ezimbili:

1. Njengombana amaKrestu kwaphela isikhathi eside bekhatjhwa, bekufuze bahlele begodu basebenzise izimpawu zobuhedeni ezivameko, bazigcwalise ngokwabo. Ngendlela efanayo phakathi kwamaKristu, izithombe zika-Orpheus, Helios nabanye onkulunkulu zazidumile. Futhi isiphambano sikaConstantine ngokwayo, cishe, sasifanekisela uphawu lwelanga lamaKaledi asendulo .

2. Igama lesiGreki elithi "chrestos", elisho ukuthi "elihle", lingabonakaliswa ngokucacile ezincwadini ezimbili zokuqala. Ngenxa yalokhu, uphawu lwamaKristani kalula emibuthanweni yabalandeli bakaJesu, abanikeza incazelo ka "Kristu."

Ngenye indlela, ngezikhathi zangaphambi kukaConstantine, izinhlobo eziningana zobuKristu bezizwe kanye nama-prototypes awo angamaqaba ziyaziwa.

Ukusabalala kwe-charisma

Ngaphambi kokuba uChristogram eyaziwa ngokuthi isiphambano seSt. Constantine, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zebandla lamaKristu. Izibonelo zakudala zaso zitholakala ematendeni - amathuna angaphansi komhlaba, amalungu amasonto asetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlangana nezinkonzo. Kwasiswa izifanekiselo ezifana nalezi izikhumbuzo zomngcwabo kanye nama-sarcophagi yamaKristu.

Ngemuva kokumiswa, lesi simboli saqala ukusetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso senkolo emahekthemeni amasha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lusebenza njengesici somhlobiso nomhlobiso - babehlotshiswe ngamabhodlela, izibani, amakhakethi kanye nezinye izitsha zesonto. Emibuthanweni yezwe, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, uChristogram wayeyiphawu lombuso kaConstantine yena kanye nabalandeli bakhe abaningana, kanye nesibonakaliso esisemthethweni se-labarum, esikhundleni sokhozi lwendabuko lwaseRoma kule ndawo.

I-monogram ingu

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uChristogram, ebonakala ngokufanayo nencwadi yaseRashiya ethi "F", yasetshenziselwa amasonto angamaKristu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesithathu, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba uConstantine enyukele esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kuyo kwakungekho incwadi p (po) - esikhundleni sayo kwakukhona i-i (iota), okusho ukuthi "uJesu". Kungenzeka ukuthi le ncwadi kamuva yathola ifomu lokufanisa lomalusi (okusho ukuthi, umKristu ongumbhishobhi) osebenzayo - isisebenzi esinomphela ophelile. Wabe esehlotshaniswa nencwadi p.

I-monogram χρ

Le nguqulo yalesi simboli yiyona eyinhloko futhi, uma ngingase ngisho kanjalo, ingqikithi yesonto lobuKristu. Ubizwa ngokuthi "isiphambano sikaConstantine". Isithombe sithunyelwe ngezansi.

Mayelana nencazelo yama-christmas

Amaqembu ahlukahlukene angaqondakali, kokubili phakathi kweSonto Lobu-Orthodox, naphakathi kwamanye ama-currents, afaka ukubaluleka okukhulu ngencazelo yangaphakathi yezinhlamvu zesiGreki. Ngisho neTestamentamente Elisha inezinkomba ezingenakuqondakalayo kwi-gematria - indlela yokufuna incazelo eyimfihlakalo ngokusebenzisa ukubalwa kwezincwadi zokubala zamagama wamagama namagama. Ngendlela efanayo, ungakwazi ukuhlaziya ukuwela kukaConstantine.

Incazelo ichazwa ezincwadini ezimbili zokuqala zegama elithi "Kristu". Isibalo samanani abo amanani angama-700, esadlalwa ngendlela ekhethekile emfundisweni yezinkolelo ze-gnostic. Ngakho-ke, esimeni sasendulo, kodwa esingaziwa namuhla, inombolo 700 yenza njengamazwibela uKristu. Futhi uma, isibonelo, sibheka izinhlamvu zikaChristogram ngokwehlukana, sithola okulandelayo: χ (chi) - kusho i-macrocosm, indawo yonke. Inani lezinombolo liyi-100. I i (iota), ngokuphambene nalokho, ichaza i-microcosm. Inani lalo li-10. Ngakho-ke, uphawu olucacile lokubumbana kwe-microcosm kanye ne-macrocosm litholakala - ukuhlanganisana phakathi kwesigaba naso sonke, omkhulu kuncane. Uma kwenzeka inguqulo kamuva ye-charisma, lapho ingena khona yi-ρ, uphawu lubonisa indalo yaphezulu (ngenxa yezibalo ze-letter ρ). Lithinta ngokwawo ukubaluleka kwamandla okudala, i-oda lomhlaba, amandla okukhiqiza abesifazane.

Izinhlamvu ezihlobene

Ngokuvamile, kanye ne-charisma, izinhlamvu ezimbili ze-alfabhethi zesiGreki zisetshenzisiwe - α (alpha) no-ω (omega), okuyizinhlamvu zokuqala nezokugcina zama-alfabhethi esiGreki futhi zikhomba ukuqala nokuphela kwezwe, kanye nakho konke okusemqoka, okufakwe ezincwadini eziphakathi. Ukuqala kwaloluphawu ebuKristwini lunikezwa yiBhayibheli, noma kunalokho incwadi yeSambulo sikaJohane uMfundisi wezeMfundiso yenkolo, lapho amagama athi "Ngingu-Alpha no-Omega" afakwe emlonyeni kaJesu Kristu.