Izwi sesigodi - kuyini? Yimaphi amazwi abizwa ngokuthi lwesigodi?

Wonke umuntu, okhuluma isiRashiya, uthola kalula amazwi ezifana, isibonelo, "inkulumo ethi", "ukudla", "isiphepho", futhi ayikwazi siyichaze kubo, kodwa ukuzisebenzisa ngefomethi elungile umongo. Kuyinto la mazwi ngokuthi umphakathi, noma isichazamazwi yomphakathi. Kodwa ukuze achaze ziphi "bayat", "brashno", "vyalitsa", unga akubona bonke uyazi la mazwi kuphela kumbuthano elincane labantu. Nokho, ezifana inkulumo nalangesiwo etemibhalo baxoxe futhi abantu abaningi musa kudle.

Sesigodi izwi definition

Kuyinto eyaziwa kahle, wasebenzisa izincwadi futhi inkulumo zabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokuhlala kanye ubungcweti amagama ngesisekelo isiRashiya, zonke izinkulumo asele abekho esidlangalaleni - bajwayele kuphela emibuthanweni athile. Lezi zihlanganisa lomkhakha othize kanye lwesigodi amazwi. NgesiRashiya, bebizwa silulumagama awasetshenziswa. Lawo mazwi zihlukaniswe amaqembu, ngamunye ephethe isici lalo.

iqembu lucebe

Athile, abathwali isichazamazwi angekho esidlangalaleni, aqukethe inqwaba yamaqembu, ayesakazeke komkhathi yezwe ngisho phesheya. Ngamunye wabo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke linamagama ayo ekhethekile, futhi ngamunye lihlukaniswe by isici esithile: umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala kanye isigaba sezenhlalo. Ngakho lokho amazwi abizwa ngokuthi lwesigodi? Kuyinto labo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Pskov esifundeni kukhona into efana severik ku iBaikal lomkhuba efanayo ngokuthi Barguzin, futhi iDanube - Belozerye. Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi lapho bekhuluma ngayo igama elithi - umoya.

izwi sesigodi kuyingxenye iqembu endaweni, futhi amazwi ezihlobene kuphela wesintu amakilasi, bakha iqembu lochwepheshe. Kodwa Jargon sihlobana ezigabeni ezithile emphakathini.

Lapho uhlangana lwesigodi silulumagama

Kundawo ngayinye linamagama ayo ethize, wasebenzisa kuphela kule ndawo. Ngokwesibonelo, eningizimu yezwe ungahlangana njalo lawo mazwi athakazelisayo: Square, okusho sezihlahla; Koszul oluhambisana izwi emhlabeni. Emadolobheni enyakatho, futhi ungathola izibonelo ezithakazelisayo lwesigodi inkulumo: Teplin, okusho umlilo; lava - ibhuloho futhi Roe - igeja.

Ukwahlukanisa lwesigodi izinkulumo

Enkulumweni etemibhalo ncwadi zingatholakala lwesigodi okuthiwa - amagama ngokuyisisekelo lwesigodi, kodwa babe kwakhiwa kwemagama abo, luhlelo lwelulwimi kanye izici ifonotiki futhi basonta lwesigodi ethile. Lwesigodi is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu 4:

• lwesigodi semantic - iqembu amagama ulimi lwesigodi ezithile kudliwe umqondo okungezona ezivamile. Ngokwesibonelo: efwini - isiphepho, ukuze - izinkuni, zidla - kungazelelwe.
• Lwesigodi ngokuthi into ethnographic noma mkhuba, eziyizici labantu ethile futhi engaziwa nakwezinye izindawo. Njengomthetho, igama sesigodi enjalo ayinakho omqondofana enkulumweni evamile, nokuzimisela kungenzeka ukunikeza descriptively kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo: Plahtiy - isiketi Indwangu ucezu duleyka - ibhantshi quilted, tonets - Pancake elincanyana inhlama esingenamvubelo.
• dialectisms Phraseological - kuyinto inhlanganisela EsiZulwini asinayo kokuba value othize lwalowo. Ngokwesibonelo: unesizungu - ukuwa nesithukuthezi ashwabene - kokubili wahlala usawoti, into esindayo futhi kunzima - ngaphandle kokufa ukufa.

Lapho esetshenziswa amazwi lwesigodi?

Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi kungabonwa hhayi kuphela ingxoxo kodwa futhi imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Nakuba Yiqiniso, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi indlela, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngezinga elingakanani ulimi ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa izinjongo kwezobuciko. Isebenza isihloko kanye imigomo ebekwe umbhali, ke uzimisele onjani izwi sesigodi ingasetshenziswa endabeni ethile. Kukhona angabhekwa ezahlukahlukene - lokhu yobuhle izinhloso, nangekhono, futhi-ke kuchazwe into. Ngempela, ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa kuphela inkulumo ezivamile, akunakwenzeka ukuba adlulisele yonke imibala futhi uhlamvu. Ngokwesibonelo, L. N. UTolstoy ngokuvamile okwanele ukuchaza abalimi emibhalweni yakhe isebenzisa amazwi lwesigodi. Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa yabo ingatholakala izincwadi I. S. Turgeneva wasebenzisa kubo njengoba inclusions nezikhombo zazo ngokwanele zihlukaniswa ngokucacile embhalweni oyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa anjalo esikhathini isakhiwo unamazwana ezembula ngokugcwele incazelo yawo, kodwa ngaphandle umongo tetemibhalo bekungeke kudingeke umfutho ezinjalo.

lwesigodi kulezizinsuku

Manje imisebenzi abalobi emizaneni futhi usebenzise amazwi lwesigodi, kodwa ngokuvamile ayibonisi ukubaluleka kwabo, ngisho noma amazwi isicelo emincane. Futhi, kungenziwa izinkulumo ezinjalo ezitholakala iphephandaba imidwebo, esibonakala by ezinye uhlobo iqhawe, yindlela yakhe ekhuluma futhi izici isici ekuphileni kwakhe, ichaza isimo sezwe lapho uhlala. Sikhishwe yokuthi amaphephandaba kufanele nesisindo kulenkhulumo kuphela tetemibhalo, ukusetshenziswa lwesigodi kufanele abe kuthethelelwe. Ngokwesibonelo: "Mina ngokwazi ushiye Basil kancane oboch labo abakhona." Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngalinye lala amazwi engaziwa kufanele wachazela umfundi, ngoba akukho muntu ufunda incwadi, ungayigcini esifubeni nesichazamazwi salolu lwesigodi amazwi.

Lwesigodi njengengxenye nesilulumagama selulwimi Russian

Uma sikhuluma izichazamazwi, ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba lokuqala lwesigodi zingatholakala ku "esishoyo Dictionary Ulimi Russian" V I. Dalya. Le ncwadi zingatholakala 150 amaphepha enikelwe kakhulu ngalesi sihloko. Namhlanje wathuthukisa nokutadisha lwesigodi basingatha enkulu, ngoba, kanye archaisms, neologisms, amazwi loan futhi phraseology, zakha ingxenye enkulu nesilulumagama selulwimi anamandla Russian. Futhi nakuba iningi labo azisetshenziswa enkulumweni yansuku zonke futhi ngokubhala, futhi ukhonza kuphela yokwenziwa ingxenye, ngaphandle kwabo ngeke kwenzeke ukwakha amazwi kukhanya noma kuchaza lokucacile banoma iyiphi into noma uhlamvu. Yingakho abalobi enkulu kaningi yakhetha lwesigodi ukunikeza ukukhanya umbhalo. Ukuya emuva silulumagama, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lapho kutadishwa lwesigodi amazwi kukhona lonke isayensi ngokuthi dialectology.

Lokhu isiyalo ngokolimi etadisha ifonotiki, kolimi, izimpawu syntactic unit ulimi, okusenzeka iqinile ngokwendawo. Futhi, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile sakhokhwa cwaningo ezilimi eziyimixhantela ezincwadini. Awezolimi wabelane ukuqonda kulamagama:

• indlela ebanzi leso sici evamile dialecticisms okuxoxa ukufakwa enkulumweni labhaliwe;
• indlela ewumngcingo, lapho zonke imishwana isethi futhi amazwi asetshenziswe izincwadi kwezobuciko futhi lesibonwa.

Efingqa

Sijule isakhiwo lucebe ye isiRashiya, niyazi, kahle kanjani inkulumo ethi "esikhulu nesinamandla." Ngemva amazwi lwesigodi kanye ngezigaba zabo futhi isakhiwo ziyingxenye elincane uhlelo ebanzi okwadala isayensi yayo. Futhi supply iningi la mazwi akuqhubeki, ke inakekelwa futhi olusha. Futhi lokhu awasebenzi lwesigodi kuphela, ngoba inombolo zamagama avamile obscheupotreblyaemyh futhi landa, okuyinto ugcizelela amandla isiRashiya kuphela.