Izinhlelo zeqembu - isibuko sokuphila kwezwe

Izinhlelo zeqembu ziyingqayizivele ehlanganisa zonke izici zokuphila kuwo wonke amazwe. Yini echaza isitatimende esinesibindi? Okokuqala, okuyisisekelo salesi simo, ukucutshungulwa okuningiliziwe kuzokwethula ngezansi.

Izinhlelo zeqembu kanye nezinhlobo zazo

Esimweni sezombangazwe, kuyisiko ukuqala ukucabangela noma yikuphi ukuhlelwa komphakathi ngezici zayo. Ngalokhu, izinhlelo zenkampani zindlela ezikhethekile zokuhlela amandla ezombusazwe ezweni lapho izakhi zalo eziyinhloko ziyisici esinqumayo - amaqembu ezombusazwe. Le ncazelo ibonakala ingacacile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhomba izici eziyinhloko zezinto ezicatshangelwayo.

Izinhlelo zeqembu zikhonjwe ngu:

- ubuhlobo nombuso - kulesi simo ukuthi idivayisi yombuso ixhumana kanjani neqembu;

- ukuba khona kwamaqembu angokomthetho - isb. Ukugunyazwa kwabo ngokomthetho nguhulumeni;

- inani lamaqembu abambe iqhaza empilweni yezombangazwe ;

- amathuba okudala ama-legal alliance.

Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukushintsha incazelo ekhonjiwe ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zenkampani ziyizinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuhlela impilo yezombangazwe kuleli zwe, ngokusho ukuthi inani lezinto ezibalulekile zenzakazo ezicatshangelwayo kanye nobuhlobo babo bobudlelwane ziyazinqunywa.

Noma kunjalo, izimpawu akuzona nje isisekelo sesici. Eqinisweni, zichaza ukuthi iziphi izinhlelo zenkampani zitholwa. Futhi izinhlobo zabo zingabelwa kanje:

- ngenani lamaqembu asebenzayo kulelizwe (i-typology yeJS Sartori) - iqembu elilodwa (Cuba), neqembu elihola (i-China), neqembu elikhona noma eliphakeme (eJapane kuze kube ngo-1993), uhlelo olulula lwe-pluralism (i-USA), okulinganiselwe ngobuningi EJalimane), okwedlulele ngokweqile (inombolo yamaqembu angaphezu kuka-5, isibonelo, i-Italy);

- Ukuhlukana okulula ngesimo esifanayo kubangelwa ososayensi abaningi bezombusazwe, kodwa kubonakala kanje: iqembu elilodwa, iqembu elibili, elilinganiselwe (inani elingenamkhawulo lamaqembu) kanye neqembu eliningi.

- ngokusemthethweni ukuba khona kwamaqembu - okungewona iqembu, ngohlu oluhleliwe nolwezingcingo zamaqembu, ngenombolo yamahhala yamaqembu.

Izigaba ezintathu ezichazwe ziyisisekelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, ososayensi abaningi bezombangazwe bahlanganyela izinhlelo zeqembu kuphela ngokulandela inombolo yamaqembu kanye nenkululeko yokufinyelela empilweni yezombangazwe. Yile ndlela eveza ubuhlobo phakathi kwesistimu nesici sayo esiyinhloko.

Amaqembu ezombusazwe kanye nezinhlelo zeqembu

Iqembu lezombangazwe lihlala liyingxenye esemqoka yalokho okucatshangelwayo. Ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwabadlali bamanje esigabeni sezombangazwe, sonke isimiso samanje kanye nentuthuko yaso yakha. Noma kunalokho - ukuguquka kusuka kwesinye isilwane kuya kwesinye.

Okuqukethwe kweqembu lezombangazwe kunqunywe yizo izindlela ezithola ngayo ithonya kuhulumeni. Lezi zimali zihlukaniswe ngentando yeningi kanye ne-quasi-yentando yeningi. Emlandweni, kunezibonelo eziningi lapho ukukhathazeka okufihlekile kwabantu kanye nezithakazelo zabo ngezindlela zobuciko kwakuyizombusazwe. Lesi simo sichazwa ngokusetshenziswa okulula kwesakhiwo se-suffrage, esivela emazweni amaningi anamuhla.

Ngakho, amaqembu ezombangazwe kanye nezinhlelo zeqembu zixhunywe kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

- Uhlelo lwenkampani lunikeza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlaka nokuthi yikuphi okuzosebenza emkhakheni wombuso othile;

- Inombolo yangempela yamaqembu eziteleka zezombusazwe zezwe inquma uhlobo lwehlelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwalo;

- ukuhlanganiswa komthetho kwesistimu kuxhomeke kunoma yimiphi amaqembu okwamanje njengamandla;

- ukuguqulwa kwenani langempela kanye nekhwalithi yamaqembu ezombusazwe kuholela ekuguqulweni kwesistimu.

Lawa amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo ayisihluthulelo asho uhlobo lukahulumeni nohulumeni wezombusazwe kuleli zwe, kanye nesimo sezwe uqobo.