Izindawo zemvelo Urals: etafuleni kanye nencazelo

Ural ayesuka Kazakh emaqeleni ukuze lwase-Arctic. Ububanzi idwala ivela 100 kuya 400 km, nobude mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 2.5 ayizinkulungwane. Km. Yemvelo Urals zone zihlanganisa zonke ezihlukahlukene: kusukela emathafeni polar ukuze emaqeleni eningizimu.

Intaba ububanzi ihlukaniswe ezindaweni kuncike Geological, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinye izimo. Ngemva kokubona izici zabo enemininingwane, kungenzeka ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa izindawo engokwemvelo Urals acebile futhi yiziphi ampofu ngokuya izitshalo ekhona ezilwaneni nasezimileni.

Urals polar

izindawo zemvelo Polar Ural ethulwa emathafeni nehlathi. Relief le nqwaba uchungechunge ingxenye kwakhiwa ngenxa frost weathering, lapho kwakhiwa amatshe placers (kurums futhi phansi Patterned). lokushisa eyiqhwa inhlabathi liqhathanisa ehlobo kuholela solifluction.

Lezi zilwane evelele impumuzo - ithafa lapho komkhondo ka glaciation. namadlelo alo esigodini ngesimo emikhombeni. Ithiphu olunamandla babe kuphela iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo. sezwe Alpine libonakala eningizimu Polar Urals eduze zabantu Saber.

Urals Polar elina abandayo izimo zezulu. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, eziningi kwamafu nemvula njalo. Isilinganiso lokushisa nyangazonke ngoJulayi - 8 kuya 14 ºC. Winter lide futhi kubanda kakhulu. Januwari Isilinganiso lokushisa ingeqi -20 ºC. izindawo ezivamile eyiqhwa. Ezindaweni, ngenxa blizzards, eqhweni enkulu kwakhiwa. Isilinganiso kwezulu yonyaka ka-500 (enyakatho) laya ku-800 (eningizimu) mm imvula.

Nenhlabathi and izimila Polar Urals

Urals Yemvelo endaweni kuthinte inhlabathi kanye izimila, okuyizinto akukho ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene. Enyakatho, emathafeni emathafeni ezindaweni sezintaba maqembu. Maphakathi kukhona scatterings zamatshe nge izitshalo ezincane noma engenazo nhlobo. Phansi izitshalo emathafeni emelelwa wona, ulele nezihlahla. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye yonkana izindawo ihlathi, kodwa ukubaluleka kwabo landscape incane.

I yemifino larch amahlathi lokuqala kwaphela avele izigodi, esisogwini emthambekeni empumalanga eduze 68º. w. Le ngxenye idwala mass libhekene ukujiya eliphansi isembozo iqhwa evelele sezulu yezwekazi. Ngakho-ke, lapho izimo ezikahle ukuphila isitshalo. Ngamahlathi kwe-Arctic Circle larch sonwele saseYurophu buhlanjululwe nemisedari, futhi eningizimu eminye - nemisayipuresi * nomkhoba kanyekanye.

Running umthetho owodwa esithakazelisayo mayelana nokukhula larch nesihlahla sonwele amahlathi. Izimo ngabo phezulu we yokhalo kunokuba ezindaweni flat. Isizathu ukuthi amanzi okuhle futhi lokushisa umbuso.

Severnyy Ural

Isifunda itholakala ncamashi phezu Meridian 59th, Izinkemba eningizimu uDavide uqala futhi aphethe Konzhakovsky Stone. Ukuphakama isilinganiso isikhungo - m 700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lihlanganisa amabanga esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Eyokuqala yalezi kuyinto nakangaka. Iningi iziqongo akuzona abukhali, kodwa babanjwa.

Kuyabonakala 3-4 lasendulo ebusweni ukuqondanisa. Esinye isici ejwayelekile ye impumuzo - kungcono a lot of upland masimu engaphezulu ezingeni isihlahla, noma Umkhawulo wabo engenhla. Letakhi zihluke kakhulu, hhayi nje kuphela ezintabeni ezahlukene, kodwa ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Isimo sezulu azifane endaweni ezidlule, kodwa hhayi njengoba ezinzima. Isilinganiso kwezulu yonyaka ka-800 mm imvula, ikakhulukazi nemithambeka zibheke entshonalanga. Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ebusweni incane kakhulu kunalokhu value, okuvamise ukuthi kube yimbangela nokudlanga Ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi.

Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Northern Urals

ihlathi Boreal ungqimba okuqhubekayo ikhava ezintabeni. Tundra walondoloza kuphela amagquma nasemifantwini yamadwala, sise ukuphakama 700-800 amamitha. Dark coniferous ihlathi Boreal bahlanganisa ikakhulu sonwele. Fir ikhula ezindaweni lapho inhlabathi evunde kakhudlwana. Cedar ukhetha emithambekeni exhaphozini namatshe. Egajwe sonwele amahlathi moss green futhi billberry, okuyizinto evamile ye ehlathini phakathi. Esikhathini ithiphu enyakatho beya e ehlathini ezingavamile kunothile futhi ayinawo amaxhaphozi.

Pinery lapha - lo mkhuba ukungasebenzisi. indima yayo letigcamile kulesimo landscape yaseningizimu libonakala 62º. m., ku emthambekeni empumalanga. lapha kuphela zikhona izimo ezikahle ukukhula izihlahla zikaphayini: nenhlabathi ezinamadwala ezomile sezulu yezwekazi. I share kwamahlathi Sukachev larch lingaphansi kakhulu kunezinye Polar Urals. Zikhula kanye izihlahlana Alder kanye birch oluyisigwegwe.

izindawo zemvelo yeNyakatho Urals - ikakhulukazi ehlathini, futhi kukhona namabala amancane nezimfunda. nezilwane zendawo sakhiwe amalunga ejwayelekile kwamahlathi coniferous. Sable uhlala khona, lapho imisedari zikhule. Kukhona wolverines, obomvu kanye voles grey futhi reindeer. Phila ngabameli ezilandelayo avifauna: Hawk isikhova, waxwing, nutcracker nabanye.

Ngecala lasentshonalanga, e sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni igama elifanayo, elise Pechora-Ilych egicna imvelo, okubonisa kwezinye izindawo engokwemvelo Urals. Ungomunye the esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia. It azigcina ukubukeka yokuqala ehlathini entabeni, wedlula phakathi.

Sredniy Ural

Ural Sredniy neze washintsha ukuma ngenxa amashifu zomhlaba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iphakama eshelelayo futhi ongaphakeme. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo zitholakala endaweni ezungeze 800 m sesitimela onguthelawayeka -. Perm Ekaterinburg kweqa yokhalo endaweni engamamitha 410 amamitha Izintaba impela ubhujiswe, okuholela ekulahlekeni umsebenzi nakangaka .. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa emfuleni Chusovaya futhi Ufa, evela emithambekeni empumalanga futhi ngilulekela entshonalanga. River zigodi ezibanzi futhi yakhelwe, lokhu kuboniswa emadwaleni ebabazekayo elengayo imibhede emfuleni.

Sredniy Ural, izindawo zemvelo owawumelele ehlathini eningizimu futhi ihlathi-asemaqeleni, okuningi ngokunethezeka ukuze uhlalwe ngabantu kuka North. Summertime ufudumele futhi eside imvula yonyaka - 500 kuya-600 mm. Ukuthini Julayi lokushisa - kusuka 16 kuya 18 ºC. Climate umthelela on nenhlabathi nohlaza. ehlathini Southern itholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, futhi ihlathi-asemaqeleni - eNingizimu.

Izimila nezilwane we Urals Ephakathi

Emithambekeni esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga kukhona izimila luhluke. Esikhathini Trans-Ural emaqeleni wathutha eminye kakhulu enyakatho kuka esifundeni esise-Ural, bafumana iziqhingi kuphela ngabanye. Mount amahlathi ungqimba okuqhubekayo, kuphela iphakama ngezikhathi ezithile ahlule ehlathini zone umngcele. Ubuswa ehlathini, ehlanganisa sonwele kanye fir nge ezindaweni zamahlathi zikaphayini. amahlathi ezixutshiwe (sonwele fir birch, Linden) ayisibonelo salezi izifunda ningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Inani elikhulu amahlathi birch asezindaweni ezikahle kulo lonke Urals Ephakathi. Kuphakama ezindaweni ukugawula ihlathi lezihlahla. Urals Yemvelo esifundeni akheke nobuntu kwezilwane. A ezihlukahlukene emahlathini kanye sezulu esifudumele nomthelela yokuthi isibalo abameleli nezilwane kusukela eningizimu anda. Izakhamuzi esivamile Urals Ephakathi - inhloli, Ferret, hamster, Izimbila. Phakathi avifauna evamile ecula, le oriole, greenfinch. Awezinyoka ivezwa kuhle kwenyoka, copperhead, izibankwa.

Landscape esifundazweni Urals Ephakathi

• Urals esijwayelekile. Lokhu ithafa, ephakeme ukuze ukuphakama 500 kuya kwangu-600 m. It unqamula inethiwekhi aminyene emfuleni izigodi. Ngezenzo avuzayo izinqubo Karst zaholela ekwakhekeni amachibi amaningi nasemigedeni funnels. amanzi Good evimbela kumiswa emaxhaphozini, naphezu semali kwezulu. Egajwe amahlathi coniferous futhi ixubene nezimagqabhagqabha yehlathi.
• Centre Ephakathi Urals wethule wamjamisa esiqongolweni yokhalo. ukuphakama kwalo lincane, ngakho-ke ihlanganiswa cishe ngokuphelele ehlathini.
• Isilinganiso Trans-Urals. Kuyinto ethafeni ephakeme nge bushelelezi ukuchema kuzo asempumalanga. It has Outliers, egwadle emikhulu futhi echibini nezitsha. Egajwe okumsulwa emahlathini kaphayini kanye ingxube yawo nezinye izihlahla. Engxenyeni esenyakatho kwamaxhaphozi eziningi. Leli hlathi-asemaqeleni isihambile kude enyakatho kuqhathaniswa Urals esifundeni. landscape laseSiberia nika ukuma birch amahlathi.

Yuzhnyy Ural

Le ndawo iyahluka kwenye Ural yokhalo ulimu iphakama okusezingeni eliphezulu (Iremel, 1582 m; Yamantau, 1640 m). Eyayiwuphawu kwenziwa yokhalo Uraltau, esemgwaqweni empumalanga has a ukuphakama enkulu. It yakhiwa schist. Endaweni ubuswa ngempumuzo ezintabeni ophansi. Hlukanisa Goltseva iphakama ngaphesheya zone ihlathi. ezindaweni zawo uyisicaba, kodwa has a emaweni idwala emithambekeni kunothile masimu. izinguzunga zeqhwa sidilizwa oshiywe lamagquma futhi Zigalga Iremel komkhondo ukunyakaza kwabo.

peneplain Yuzhnouralsky yithafa, kokuba eligoqiwe futhi isisekelo ephakanyiswe. It is dissected ngasemfuleni izigodi, kepha efaniswe zigodi. Zauralsky peneplain isendaweni eyehlelayo empumalanga, elinesimo ukuma ephansi futhi surface bushelelezi. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye has a lot of emachibini nge amazing okwakheke rock osebeni lomfula.

Izimo zezulu we Urals Wik nakakhulu ezindaweni yezwekazi ngaphambili. Ihlobo efudumele, somiso kanye imimoya ezomile endaweni Urals. Amazinga isilinganiso ngenyanga olufudumele - kusuka 20 kuya 22 ºC. Amakhaza asebusika, isembozo iqhwa kubalulekile. Ngo Ubusika emfuleni ukufriza ngokuphelele ice ekwakhekeni, wabulala inqwaba izinyoni amavukuzi. kwezulu Lonyaka zokhahlamba kusuka 400 kuya 600 eningizimu kuya enyakatho nesifunda.

Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene eNingizimu Ural

izindawo zemvelo Urals Southern ethulwa asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi ezindaweni. Flora nekhava zenhlabathi befana nokuklanywa altitudinal. Chernozem asemaqeleni ejwayelekile yezindawo ezingaphansi impela elaliphansi. Ezindaweni lapho egwadle kungabonwa ehlathini nge admixture wokhuni oluqinile.

Ihlathi asemaqeleni ithatha Yuzhnoural'skiy peneplain, namathafa, nemithambeka esisempumalanga ezindaweni eziseNyakatho ensimini. Flora siqukethe asemaqeleni ingxube nabakhileyo Boreal.

Ithebula: esishintshashintshayo yemvelo Ural

nokuklanywa Yemvelo ububanzi Ural kanje.

izindawo zemvelo Ural, kafushane kuchaziwe ethebuleni unike amandla ukulandelela ushintsho zabo kancane kancane isiqondiso ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu.