Izimo zemvelo kanye nesikhundla ezindawo ka the Norilsk ihabhu zezimboni

Norilsk kwemboni esisogwini Peninsula Taimyr enyakatho ye-Krasnoyarsk Territory, ingenye eyinkimbinkimbi ukukhiqizwa ezimayini nensimbi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi itholakala ngenhla kwe-Arctic Circle, futhi isimo sezulu onokhahlo, emadolobheni ukuthi ukukhonza amabhizinisi, inabantu cishe 200,000.

Umlando yentuthuko

Iminonjana lokuqala yezimayini ore eduze Norilsk indawo yezimboni sihlehlela emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age - azungeze ichibi Pyasino wathola izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namathuluzi eziyisisekelo yokuncibilikisa yayo. Ngo XVI-XVII eminyaka idolobha engasekude lapha Mangazeya, abahlali ukuthuthukisa ezifakwa zethusi. Kodwa Ukuvalwa oluseNyakatho Umzila okwaholela ekufeni kwakhe.

Ngo-20-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, isihloli abadumile Nikolay Nikolaevich Urvantsev olwenziwa uchungechunge mikhankaso, futhi waqinisekisa ukuba khona inothile izidubedube endaweni. Built-ke ngo-1921 Cottage endlini yokuqala Norilsk futhi kwalondolozwa njengemiBhalo emnyuziyamu.

Uma sicabangela kokutholakala inothile ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, ngo-1935 kwanqunywa ukuba uqale ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Norillag ke zihlelekile, okuyinto iziboshwa steel main zokusebenza amandla. iziboshwa Gulag eyakhelwe izimboni, imigudu, ingqalasizinda kanye nezindlu. Kakade ngawo-1941 eyiqhwa bakha izikhumulo zezindiza, ojantshi, 4 izimboni, izimayini, wemba 6 ngasezinkwalini eziningana. ikamu kweziMilo yavalwa ngo-1956, futhi ukuqhubeka Norilsk Industrial District (CPD) baqhubeka ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa kwezisebenzi zasejele.

izimo zemvelo

izimo zemvelo of Norilsk indawo yezimboni sinzima kakhulu ngoba zokuhlala unomphela. Kule ndawo, isimo sezulu Arctic nge iqhwa abandayo ebusika ihlala izinyanga mayelana 9, ehlobo luba lufushane. Isilinganiso Julayi lokushisa lingaphansi degrees 15. Kulokhu, iqhwa nezinyanga zasehlobo, abendawo kayimangazi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, inhlabathi never uthola efudumele futhi eyiqhwa ziwumthwalo uphawu sina on ubuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.

Futhi, le ndawo enkulu emhlabeni Norilsk ihabhu zezimboni cishe akukho izihlahla, Nokho, lapho inkampani waqala kuphela ukwakha, kwakukhona obukhulu ehlathini emahlathini. Manje walondoloza kuphela inombolo encane nezihlahla. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa emoyeni onamandla angcolile. Emadolobheni eminyakeni yamuva pose metal izihlahla, amaqabunga kabani esikhundleni - LED.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka the Norilsk kwemboni has esinye isici yemvelo - ezinsukwini ezibandayo kanye nobusuku obungamashumi amane. Kusukela ngo-May 19 kuya ku-July 25 ilanga lingashoni, futhi lufika ebusika kuphela amahora 2-3. Isidingo njalo asebenzise izibani yokufakelwa hhayi kuphela kwandisa amandla ukusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi ubeka ingcindezi the state ngokwengqondo kwabantu. Ukuze bavale isikhala lesi umonakalo, kanye nokuntuleka zasemazweni emadolobheni, izindlu Norilsk zipendwe ngemibala egqamile.

Amaminerali ezinkulu NDP

Emkhakheni Norilsk kukhishwe izindodla imithombo enjenge-copper, nickel, ayibe, i-platinum, igolide, isiliva, palladium, Iridium, steel nabanye. Ngo inqubo uhlanzekile nokucutshungulwa imikhando futhi ahlukanisa isibabule sulfuric acid, selenium futhi tellurium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje isakhiwa, akuzona zonke izinsiza zemvelo ezitholakala Norilsk indawo yezimboni, futhi izazi zokuma komhlaba inhlolovo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi labantu emadolobheni NDP njalo nokuncipha, amabhizinisi bayaqhubeka bekhula futhi yaba nesithakazelo kuleli izidubedube eNhlonhlweni Taimyr kusukela uhulumeni hhayi ziyancipha.

lunye esifundeni

Idolobha elikhulu kuyinto Norilsk. Kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo waqala ukwakha yayo. Kuyinto ikhaya labantu kancane kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Umuzi adjoins simila yethusi, amalahle egeza isitshalo, 3 amakhilomitha away ingeyami. Ngo-2005, wonke amanye nemizana zaphucwa ngobuzwe bazo futhi wangena Borough of Norilsk njengoba omakhelwane bayo.

Le ndawo ngobukhulu ingxenye Norilsk ihabhu zezimboni - Talnakh, kuba km 25 kusukela enkabeni. labantu Ezazimzungezile - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Laqala ukwakhiwa lapha ngo-1960 ngemva kokutholakala kwalo imali enkulu zethusi-nickel emkhandweni wensimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa Its lusaqhubeka.

Endaweni yesithathu Kayerkan elinabantu abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-25, nayo enamathiselwe Norilsk. Village aseduze kwezimayini, okuyinto kwenziwa izimayini zamalahle. Nokho, kakade 70s lokugcina ibhizinisi ekhulwini NDP bashintshele igesi fuel, kanye nenani imithombo isizinda ziyancipha kakhulu. Area lalingenalutho ngenxa kokutholakala amakhilomitha ambalwa kude kusukela Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant.

Futhi esifundeni idolobha ihlanganisa indawo Snezhnogorsk, esebenza labantu Ust-Hantayskom HPP futhi Oganer lapho esibhedlela imibhede 1000.

izinkinga esifundeni sika

Indawo esingesihle ezindawo ka the Norilsk inhlangano zezimboni kudala izinkinga eziningi, owayevelele kubo - yokufinyelela. Le ndawo ayinakho zokuxhumana umhlaba namanye amadolobha, ngaphandle lolwandle port esikhulu Dudinka, elise 90 amakhilomitha. Kukulo muzi lapho ugijima main ezokuthutha amanzi Umthambo - emfuleni Yenisei, okuyothi ngalo wezimpahla ngobuningi uwela nezinye izifunda. The main umgibeli traffic ezokuthutha izindiza flying befika nje esikhumulweni sezindiza "Alykel". Bona ukuletha izimpahla lapho navigation Yenisei ivaliwe.

Enye inkinga enkulu ye Norilsk indawo yezimboni - ezingeni lelisetulu ukungcola. Amashubhu izitshalo yonyaka ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana nenani elikhulu le-sulfur dioxide, phenols, esindayo metal emkhathini. Esikalini mkhulu kangangokuba Norilsk iminyaka eminingi efakwe phakathi kwemizi angcoliswe kakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, futhi inkampani pay isinxephezelo eCanada ukuze umoya okunoshevu insimu yalo.