Ithusi hydroxide

Ithusi kwakwakhe hydroxide (II) - kuyinto zinhlayiya bright blue, futhi kungase kudingeke i amorphous (oluyimpuphu) isakhiwo. Kuyinto zingaxazululeki emanzini, ukuhlolwa ukuphepha ebhukwini isilinganiso. Ifomula amakhemikhali izidakamizwa - Cu (OH) ₂, kuba base ababuthakathaka, okuyinto ngokuvamile etholwe isenzo base elinamandla nosawoti zethusi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi kwakwakhe zisakazwa emasimini ahlukahlukene okukhiqiza chemical nezezimboni. Ngakho, hydroxide zethusi ezazisetshenziswa njengoba isakhi pigmenting kule izibuko, imikhiqizo Ceramic asetshenziswe art kanye nobucwebe, glazes. Lesikhumba izakhiwo zezakhi ziye zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu ekwakhekeni upende okusezingeni eliphezulu nemithi, ezisetshenziswa for lokusebenza phansi imikhumbi ngisho ngwenya, njengoba yalolu ketshezi kuvimbela ungcolisa izingxenye kwamanzi imikhumbi ulwelwe nezinye izakhi amanzi konakalisa izitsha zensimbi.

amathemba Lukhulu ukusetshenziswa ketshezi izicelo yesimanje kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi. Lapha, kungaba yinto uphiko esisemqoka ephezulu lokushisa superconductors yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicelo e Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka kakade ihlolwe ngesikhathi umkhuba laboratory.

Empeleni ekukhiqizeni chemical zethusi hydroxide kabanzi njengoba kulethe zamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho kungenzeka ucacise futhi emikhakheni kwesicelo we ketshezi, njengoba kulungiselelwa ifolishi lemfuyo, ukukhiqizwa amamaki ezahlukene ukuqinisa, ikakhulukazi ehlotshisiwe (enombala) ukuqinisa.

Nakuba ngezigaba nokuvikeleka enkompolo akuyona amakhemikhali kakhulu ezinobuthi futhi onobungozi, usebenze nabo yini edingekayo ukuze afeze ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile. Lokhu kusebenza ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokwehluleka komfakisicelo ukuhlangabezana nezimiso isitoreji ndaba futhi ukuvimbela it kusuka bechitha amacala bengaphandle. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele ngokushesha nokuqalisa ngabodwa isikhala sokumosha kanye nokulahlwa hydroxide ukuba eziqhele.

Njengoba kuboniswe ngefomula, ithusi hydroxide - iyona kwakwakhe ane-alikhali. Ngakho-ke zonke izinguqulo ekhona futhi esizayo yokusetshenziswa salo esisebenzayo ke kubangelwa izindawo ane-alikhali.

Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, kanjani ukuze uthole hydroxide ithusi, kufanele wenze ukubhuka ukuthi kukhona ongakhetha eziningana ezifana kukhona.

Cabangela abanye babangcwele ezivamile.

Cupric hydroxide bangathola kusuka sulfate yayo. Le into okubonakala kalula oncibilikayo emanzini, powder emhlophe nge isakhiwo crystalline. ifomula wayo chemical - CuSO₄. Uma yalolu ketshezi ngokuthi zethusi sulfate, ziyoncibilika ngamanzi ingatholakala phezu eyaziwa zethusi sulfate. Khona-ke, uma lesi isixazululo ingezwe i alikhali, ukusabela kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho ame phandle Cu (OH) ₂ ku ngesimo kwenze umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Hydroxide ingatholakala zethusi nitrate (II), okuyinto into crystalline abangenalo umbala, ne ifomula amakhemikhali Cu (NO₃) ₂. Uma ukusabela wenziwa ukuthola hydroxide, kubalulekile ukuba isixazululo NaOH ingezwe nitrate yethusi (II). I kwaphumela ukuphendula kwenze umbala blue iyona oyifunayo zethusi hydroxide.

Indlela evamile yokukhipha into futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalesi chloride yethusi (II), okuyinto ine CuCl₂ chemical ifomula. Ukuze hydroxide kumele ophuzi powder okuyinto liyithusi chloride ziyoncibilika ethile alikhali. Phakathi ukusabela okunjalo zinhlayiya ophuzi zinyamalale, futhi esikhundleni uwela wonke kunesidingo esifanayo kithi kwenze luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - Cu (OH) ₂.