Ithempeli-Amoni eKarnak: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Ezinsukwini waseGibhithe lasendulo kusayithi kwalesi sigodi samanje naseKarnak, isendaweni ibhange empumalanga saseNayile Awukude isikhungo esikhulu nezokuphatha Luxor, yayingumuzi omkhulu kunayo yonke ngalolo eThebes okuqinisekile. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana yayiyinhloko-dolobha yawo wonke umbuso. Kulapha eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, ukwakhiwa kwekulu ethempelini, namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi ithempeli kukankulunkulu u-Amoni eKarnak.

UJesu uyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo onkulunkulu Egiptak lasendulo

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale indaba ngalokhu ukwakhiwa esiyingqayizivele, kufanele okungenani kafushane bajwayelane engibathandayo izinkulungwane izigqila bakhela wona amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka. Phakathi abaningi kela waseGibhithe onkulunkulu-Amoni ngaba nesikhundla evelele. Yena samuntu ilanga - okungukuthi, amandla lapho bonke ukuphila nomlambo iNayili iye subordinated.

Imfudumalo emaphikweni alo-ke liphenduka okusanhlamvu spike agcwele, kodwa kungashiwo futhi wome phansi, kokushiya iqhakaza cornfield ehlane efile. Njalo ekuseni kuba, abasha nokusha, waba ephakama amazulu, ngemva uhambo losuku lwaba lunye, u ukuguga nokuvusa induku lehla ngezansi isithela emkhathizwe, ukuqala lonke futhi kusasa. Ngakho-ke wayemiselwe, futhi abantu - emjikelezweni okuphakade zokuphila ukuba siguge, ukuba afe bese kuvela futhi kabusha izingane zabo.

Nethempeli laseKarnak

UJesu uyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo onkulunkulu zanikezelwa Nethempeli naseKarnak futhi Luxor. Ithempeli, esiqhutshwa indaba yethu, ekuqaleni lalinabashumayeli izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala sanikezelwa yena, okungukuthi olukhulu unkulunkulu onamandla Amun Ra, kwesibili - umkakhe Mut, axhasa zonke queens, okuyinto wayemiselwe kuwusizo ekuletheni injabulo ezweni ukubonakala kwakhe phezu kwalo, futhi, ekugcineni, eyesithathu - indodana inyanga unkulunkulu Khonsu. Ngakho, uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi lwethempeli laseKarnak ekuqaleni wabonisa eziningi izakhiwo wahlela kwi-eksisi ezivamile futhi yakhelwe nikhulekele lesi triad engcwele.

eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, eThebes, ngokuba dolobha yaseGibhithe, kwaba emaningi lomuzi wakhe, okuyinto cishe abantu abayingxenye yesigidi ekhaya. impi eminingi enqobile olubhekiselwe ukulethwa inkokhiso evela abantu benqoba nezixuku ezingenakubalwa yezigqila. Akumangazi ukuthi oFaro ayenamandla okukwenza izindleko zokwakha, omkhulu ngisho ngezindinganiso lanamuhla. Futhi imali, nomshikashika yayichichima.

Stone ilandisa phezu nomlambo iNayili

Esakhiwe-Amoni ithempeli naseKarnak phakathi XVI ka XI leminyaka BC. e., wonke oFaro owabusa kuleli khulu leminyaka, wazama abhebhezela amagama abo kulo, esaziwa inkumbulo yayo. Thutmoses mina, isib namatshe amade abaziwe eziningi esakhiwe kanye eziqoshiwe, esibonisa ke esithombeni unkulunkulu u-Osiris. Angizange ngibe isizotha kakhulu nomzukulu wakhe Tuthmosis III, wakha okuthiwa Ehholo Annals, izindonga zazo ezibaziweyo izindaba zokunqoba yakhe ekhaliphile lempi. Wabuye adunyiswe yokunqoba kwakhe e-Asia, elamiswa engxenyeni esenyakatho eyinkimbinkimbi we nethempeli lonkulunkulukazi empi Sekhmet.

Scenes kusukela ukuphila we oFaro futhi wambozwa amakholomu eminingi ukuthi kuhlobisa ethempelini ka-Amoni Ra eKarnak. Umlando esithathe kweminyaka eminingi yokuphila e Ancient Egypt, esigcinwe zemihla ngemihla idwala. Ngaphezu ababusi wezwe izifundo zabo hlala abapristi endaweni ebalulekile, aba nethonya elikhulu futhi ukubaluleka empilweni yomphakathi kunyuke ne ukunwetshwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinzuzo imfundo

Ithakazelisa kakhulu kule ndaba kuyinto legend lendawo elitshela ukuthi umpristi nesibindi ukulwela amandla ne faro yena. Waphumelela ngakho ebhizinisini lakhe eJerusalema ababusi namalunga nababhali ukwesaba sina bokulahlekelwa sobukhosi. Engafuni ukuba azifake engozini, wayaleza amasosha ukuyokudla umpristi zithi uyimbuka futhi unike ukufa.

Kodwa ngo-ukuqondana onogada bobukhosi uvele ethempelini usuku nehora lapho ilanga olwaluyokwenzeka, umpristi zazazi ngoba wayengumuntu, njengazo zonke ozakwabo, isazi sezinkanyezi esihle. Ngemva ekuphumeni ngesikhathi esifanele phezu odongeni lwethempeli, wakha izandla zakhe ezulwini, futhi phambi kwabantu bonke; wayala ilanga ukubalekela ebumnyameni eyalandela wanyamalala zonke izitha zakhe. Kulula ukukubona ngeso lengqondo ukusabela izilaleli lapho ngemva kwamazwi akhe, umhlaba embozwe ebumnyameni. I upshot kwaba ukuthi umpristi ukukhanyiselwa wathatha isikhundla lo faro, owabulawa ngosuku isixuku wabaholi yakhe.

OFaro - bezindonga ethempelini

Ithempeli-Amoni eKarnak lase kakhulu wandisa XIII ekhulwini BC. e. abakhi bayo uFaro waqala kule nkathi Seti, mina lendodana yakhe Ramesses II, izenzo zabo wathola isicoco Ezinkulu. Bazakhela ethempelini endaweni Hypostyle ihholo ezingaba umxhwele ngobukhulu bayo, hhayi kuphela abakhileyo endulo, kodwa abantu besikhathi sethu. On endaweni amamitha abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu square lemigqa nesithupha ayikhulu namashumi amathathu nane amakholomu zifakiwe, ngegolide amapuleti.

Ekuqhubeni Queen Hatshepsut

Esikhathini BC xv leminyaka. e. ethempelini kukankulunkulu u-Amoni eKarnak kakhulu kulekelelwa faro zesifazane Hatshepsut okuthiwa. Ukuqhubeka umsebenzi kayise, uThutmose II, wakhe kulo eziningi pylons - esangweni esime iphiramidi ufushanisiwe, ke liye landa ngamaphesenti acishe abe yisigamu Mut Temple wakha ahlukene izikebhe engcwele yasezulwini Amun Ra, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi Red Orchestra. On ezindongeni kulendlu, elamiswa elimnyama obomvu egwadle, zaqoshwa amakhosi lasendulo baye endaweni yesehlakalo wokugcotshwa kwakhe.

Nokho, leli thempeli kwakungamelwe ukusinda kuze kube namuhla. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva lachithwa ngomunye umbusi waseGibhithe - Amenhotep III. amabhlogo Granite, zazo yakhiwa, esetshenziswa njengoba izinto zokwakha ukuze kwakhiwe nezinye izakhiwo. kamuva kuphela okuningi, okubizwa ngokuthi inkathi Hellenic lapho Aleksandre Makedonskom engcwele kuye ukusungulwa kodwa kakhulu okushintshiwe fomu.

Phakathi nokubusa Hatshepsut Ithempeli-Amoni Ra eKarnak elalihlotshiswe ngayo Monolithic namatshe amade abaziwe ezine zamatshe - enkulu phakathi ekhona ngaleso sikhathi e-Egypt. Omunye wabo kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba izinsuku zethu. Eqoshiwe egwadle libomvu, ifinyelela ukuphakama amathathu kwamamitha.

Ngaleyo minyaka efanayo, indlovukazi yayilungiselela kwagadla emhlabeni has a isakhiwo esikhulu. Lapho-ke baqala ukunyathelisa lomunye dwala, ephakeme kunazo zonke emlandweni waseGibhithe lasendulo. Njengoba isisu abasunguli, kwakudingeka aqwale babusa emhlabeni amane nanye imitha futhi linesisindo esingamathani angu-hhayi ngaphansi kuka abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili. Kodwa lo msebenzi ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene baye awukapheli.

ukwakhiwa eyengeziwe eziyinkimbinkimbi

Eslphambanweni XIV kanye no- XIII eminyaka BC. e., abangaba nawo ngaleso faro Horemheb, abangu zikleliswe pylons amathathu kwakukhona Ilungiselelo odumile sphinxes. Ababusi lwamakhosi elilandelayo nabo basebenza kanzima. Ithempeli-Amoni eKarnak, bahlanganiswe nge endleleni Nile, nhlangothi zombili ezazenzelwe efakwe ramheaded sphinxes. On campus bakha enye emphemeni, pylon ezimbili ezintsha, phezulu konke esungulwe ngokwabo eziqoshiwe omkhulukazi.

umthandazo okusha u-Amoni

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhulekelwa u-Amun atholwe umlingisi inkolo kazwelonke. Njalo ngonyaka ngo-August, uma kukhona izikhukhula saseNayile, uDagoni ngikweluleke eyenziwa yethempeli Ilungiselelo sphinxes ephelezelwa udwendwe ophithizelayo baphuthunyiswe Luxor, lapho unkulunkulu ibuyekeziwe kanye umhlaba, abavuka ngemva kwezinyanga nesomiso.

Lapha uFaro yena ngomthandazo, aqondiswa ku-onkulunkulu, futhi ikakhulukazi kuya omkhulu u-Amoni Ra, wayelokhu efuna kwezibusiso zabo onyakeni omusha. Emva kokuqeda i-umthandazo, waphuma waya kubantu, ukugcwalisa yonke insimu eseduze ethempelini, futhi zibheke Nile, bonke bacula ingoma yokudumisa emfuleni, ngakho ngesandla esivulekile izlivshey amanzi abo ku ilanga-Awube eKarnak.

Ukuganukeja Egypt - Nethempeli Amun Ra

Kodwa emakhulwini eminyaka baye badlula nezwe isigaya ngomunye umhlathi. Sezadlula zonkulunkulu baseGibhithe lasendulo, kodwa wahlala ngaphansi ohangulayo Afrika ilanga izikhumbuzo wangaleyo nkathi ngokucophelela yalondolozwa inzalo ka lwabakhi bawo. Ngo-1979, kwafika uhlu UNESCO futhi naseKarnak Temple (-Amoni Ra). Incazelo, umlando namuhla kulesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele baye kucutshungulwe eduze komphakathi womhlaba wonke, kanye ngonyaka edonsela izinkulungwane zezivakashi. Akumangalisi ukuthi imali eyenziwe uhulumeni wabo, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwabiwa kohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali.

Futhi nakuba ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, phakathi kwezinye zakudala laseGibhithe labhujiswa Nethempeli kukankulunkulu u-Amoni eKarnak, ukubuyekezwa uvakashele show yakhe ukuthi ngisho indawo yamathuna awobaba, yena Kugcizelela ne ubuhle baso. Kumawebhusayithi izinkampani travel ukunikela izinkambo eGibhithe, lapho wayekade kuleli zwe elihle ngolwazi, njalo kukhona ubufakazi wokwenama kubangelwa isakhiwo esinjalo olukhulu umsebenzi omkhulu ukuthi yasetshenziswa ku ukwakhiwa yayo.

Kuyamangaza-ke yini ukuthi leli ethempelini ingenye ethandwa kakhulu izivakashi izindawo namuhla. Lutho neze kuphi emhlabeni kungatholakala ngisho enkulu, kodwa basavalelwe isikhala enjalo inala izikhumbuzo zomlando, okuyinto bahlukana ngesikhathi adalwe ngoba eziningi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje insimu yalo aphethwe show nsuku zonke ezinkulu, kuhlanganise ukukhanyisa kanye nemisindo, futhi ukuxoxela ethempelini. Konke lokhu kwenza Ukuvakashela kwakhe ezithakazelisayo ngokungavamile esimnandi.