Isiko Trypillian

isiko Trypillian ubizwa ngokuthi i-esifundeni ukutholakala - edolobhaneni Tripoli, budebuduze Kiev. Yasakazwa esikhathini Chalcolithic kusukela eMfuleni Dnieper kuya entshonalanga ye-Ukraine, iMoldova kanye empumalanga eRomania, lapho ethola igama "Cucuteni". Tripoltsy kuyinto ngaphambi zokuhlala unomphela.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isuke eladabuka engxenyeni yeminyaka 6th yesibili futhi yayikhona kuze ngekota yokuqala ka-3 ekhulwini BC.

Akuqinisekile kangakanani umbuzo kanjani iphutha isiko Trypillian. isisekelo sayo kwenziwa izizwe Neolithic. Phakathi kwabo-ke ugcizelela abathwali amasiko Koros, Bonn, Bug-Dniester isiko kanye lwento zobumba.

Vikentiem Hvoykoy atholakele ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, Trypillya kuqala imiphakathi ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.

Imikhakha eyinhloko emnothweni babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli ukuba ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kanye nezolimo. isiko Trypillian kwahluka ezingeni sezingeni eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Engakabi yayo buboniswa ngokuba ukwanda okukhulu ukwanda kwabantu ezindaweni nokusakazwa kwayo.

Tripoltsev emizaneni eseduze amanzi phezu nasemithambekeni mnene, ephelele kwezolimo. Bona lalinabashumayeli udaka zokuhlala (amashumi amaningana) nge lumangaza yangaphakathi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ezindlini siyibo ababehlala lalinabashumayeli imikhaya eminingana omphakathi. Emadolobheni amaningi Tripolye okuthiwa wahlala abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 15-20.

Tripolskaya zobumba ngesikhathi esesikhundleni okuholela ku ukuphelela imidwebo, umhlobiso, nomhlobiso eYurophu. Ukubumba ke kwafinyelela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Trypillya izimpawu zitholakale izitsha nezizwana amasiko okwalandela we Bronze Age. nabo ebonakaliswa zobumba umSkithe-Greek isikhathi ngokucacile.

Ezinye imihlobiso, isiko, ezolimo, ezobuchwepheshe, futhi wakufeza lokho lo Kievan Rus. Namuhla ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala Ukraine Trypillya eqhugwaneni, zipendwe ngemibala egqamile. Amaphethini Ukrainian ku amahembe amathawula ukuze ubuke izinto Tripolye yasezindongeni sobumba.

Akukacaci kuze kube manje kanjani futhi kungani impucuko wanyamalala Tripolskaya. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yalokhu kuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Tripoltsy kwadingeka ukuba athathe umhlalaphansi emhlabeni, ukuthuthukisa iindawo entsha Greece, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Italy, eGibhithe, eBritish Isles.

Kukhona umbono wokuthi isiko Trypillian uphela khona yayo ngomshoshaphansi. Long period, lokhu nokucabanga azange abe nobufakazi. Nokho, kamuva kwatholakala abavubukuli entshonalanga ye-Ukraine ezinye izakhiwo komhlaba okuqondene namasiko Tripoli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu musa Lisuke lingasekho nje kwaphela komhlaba, kodwa yaqhubeka ukuhola imisebenzi kwezomnotho kunalokho asebenzayo.

Igumbi wangempela zobuciko kubhekwe Verteba. Nokho, Lokhu emhumeni eyaduma kwekhulu le-19, ucwaningo kwaqala ngo wakhe kuphela ekhulwini lama-20. Lapho eseyinsizwa efundela ezomthetho ke, ososayensi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni ezenzeka endulo ngokusebenzisa izingqimba karstic okusakaza ncibilika namanzi emvula amahholo ngokuphindaphindiwe Ugcwalise babehlezi emuva emhumeni. Kule ndaba, izakhamizi sigudluke kwezinye izindawo emhumeni isikhashana. I abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi tripoltsy ungase abekezelele isifo ezinjalo - bikho njalo ukukhanya nomswakama - kuphela uma kunesidingo esikhulu.

Ulimi olukhulunywa tripoltsy inzuzo aqukethe amagama amaqoqo evulekile. Izimpawu isiko efanayo ulimi kutholakele -Asia Minor futhi eKrethe. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ulimi Trypillian kungokwalabo kweBlack Sea iqembu iMedithera.