Isikimu tube amplifier. Wiring idayagramu amplifier

Lesi sihloko atawutadishelwa ngokuningiliziwe amplifier wesifunda cleaner amashubhu. Yiqiniso, le ndlela siphelelwe yisikhathi, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana abalandeli "Retro". Othile usanda uncamela digital tube umsindo, futhi othile ukwenza akunika impilo yesibili ubuciko, agugile, sivuselela ke bit by bit. Abaningi umsakazo opharetha amateur, abasebenzela emoyeni, sebenzisa isibani ukuze kwakhiwe ezinye izikimu asibekela. Ngokwesibonelo, UHF kulula ukwakha ngokunembile izibani ezinamandla, ngoba transistors uzobe kakhulu lukhuni.

Bezakhiwe amplifier wesifunda

Isifanekiso block simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. Umthombo isignali (umbhobho okukhipha, ifoni, i-computer, njalo njalo. D.).
2. ukulawula ivolumu - a potentiometer (Resistor variable).
3. I preamplifier lusekelwe isibani (ngokuvamile Transistor), a Transistor.
4. Uchungechunge circuit ithoni ukulawula ixhunywe isibani anode preamplifier.
5. amplifier Final. Ingabe ngokuvamile eyayenziwa ngesikhathi pentode, isibonelo, 6P14S.
6. Idivayisi ofanayo, ngokuvumela ekhishwa amplifier futhi dock uhlelo isikhulumi. Njengomthetho, lokhu indima udlalwa phansi transformer uhlobo (220/12 Volt).
7. Amandla kagesi, lapho voltages ezimbili elakhiwe: njalo 250-300 V kanye 6.3 V ac (12.6 uma kunesidingo).

Ngokusho kulombhalo block, kwakhiwa isimiso. Kuyadingeka ukuba kahle sihlole iphuzu ngalinye node uhlelo okwenza amplifier ayizange ngaphakathi kwabangela izinkinga.

LF Amandla zesikhulisa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amandla supply kumele aveze ezimbili ezihlukene voltage value. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa transformer nge design akhethekile. Ufanele Windings ezintathu - Networking, nemayunivesithi. Laba ababili bokugcina ukukhiqiza i voltage kushintshana ka 250-300 V kanye 6.3 V, ngokulandelana. 6.3 - zinamandla supply amashubhu kwayo. Futhi uma, njengoba umthetho, Akudingi ukwelashwa, isibonelo, filtration kanye nokulungisa, le volts AC 250 kudingeka ushintsho oluncane. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukuxhuma wesifunda amplifier emthombeni wamandla.

Ukuze ufake lesi block rectifier, okuyinto yakhiwa Semiconductor diodes ezine nokuhlunga - capacitors electrolytic. Diodes vumela qondanisa kushintshana amanje nawesikhathi kube unomphela. A capacitor ine isici esithakazelisayo. Uma ubheka okulingana wesifunda capacitors ye-AC futhi DC (ngumthetho Kirchhoff sika), ungabona omunye sici. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, impedance capacitor esikhundleni ezifundeni njalo zamanje.

Kodwa lapho ezisebenza wesifunda AC it is indawo ingxenye umqhubi. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho ukufakwa ebhange amandla capacitor uzothola DC voltage ahlanzekile, zonke ingxenye variable uzonyamalala ngenxa sesiwancamulile ezikhumulweni yesifunda okulingana.

Izimfuneko transformer

Isimo obalulekile - khona inani elidingekayo of Windings ngoba ukunikezelwa anodes futhi intambo lokuluhlaza ama. Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi wesifunda isebenzisa i-amplifier amandla idinga ezahlukene amandla voltage akhazimula. Inani Standard - kuyinto 6.3 V Nokho, ezinye izibani, ezifana G-807, PG-50, adinga voltage ka 12.6 V. Le inkimbinkimbi umklamo futhi kwenza ukusetshenziswa ezinkulu usayizi transformer.

Kodwa uma uhlela ukuqoqa amandla kuphela izibani umunwe (6N2P, 6P14P et al.), Isidingo zinamandla ugesi esinjalo elikhazimulayo. Nakani ubukhulu - uma ufuna ukuqoqa msindo ezincane, sebenzisa transformers owodwa ikhoyili. Sinenkosi yayinesithiyo esisodwa - akunakwenzeka ukuba uthole amandla aphezulu. Uma kukhona umbuzo kwamandla, kungcono ukusebenzisa transformers TS-180, TS-270.

Ezezindlu amadivayisi

Ukuze ongaphakeme-imvamisa yokukhulisa umsindo kungcono kusetshenziswe izindlu aluminium noma lashukumisa, ukuhlangana of radioelements ukukhiqiza indlela nengxenye. Ububi idivayisi lapha ku isiliphu wesifunda ibhodi - for amalahle isibani Izinyawo imilenze uqale delaminate nokunamathisela ngomthofu kusukela amathrekhi uyabhujiswa. Lost yoxhumana nabo, futhi umsebenzi Ulf iba engazinzile, kunezinye imisindo.

Uma ku pre-esiteji amplifier wesifunda lisetshenzisiwe Transistor, kuwukuhlakanipha ukukwenza oku obuncane PCB - kuyoba eziqinile. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa hybrid kwenza nezimfuneko zawo ngamandla. It zingahlelwa e lokhuni okwesikhathi isiginci Ulf. Kodwa ngaphakathi udinga ukufaka chassis sensimbi, okuyinto izoqoqwa yonke idivayisi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa bezinhlamvu metal, njengoba kwenza kube lula ukuze libe yisihenqo asibekela komunye nomunye, okwenza kungabi kungenzeka self-excitation nezinye ukuphazamiseka.

Lungisa ivolumu kanye nephimbo

msindo wesifunda elula kungenziwa kulekelelwa iziqondiso ezimbili - ivolumu kanye nephimbo. Umlawuli lokuqala ayeba nhlangothi ngqo kunechweba of Ulf, ivumela ukushintsha ukubaluleka isignali engenayo. Ungasebenzisa resistors elibanzi yimuphi umklamo ukuthi izosebenza kahle Ulf. Nge ukulawula ithoni futhi izinkinga akufanele kwenzeke - a Resistor variable kufakwe wesifunda anode we esigabeni sokuqala. Badinga kuphela ukucacisa lapho isiqondiso ukuzungeza senziwa ukuze ungeze RF, futhi kuliphi ilungelo ngenxa LF.

Kungcono ukwenza yonke indlela esuka yokukhulisa umsindo zezimboni, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nzima ukuba asebenzise i-design. Kodwa kungcono nje wesifunda ithoni control, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufaka iyunithi elincane, okuzoshintsha imvamisa in ezahlukahlukene. AmaSu tube yokukhulisa umsindo ingaqukatha amamojuli encane ku Semiconductors - EZWAKALA, ongaphakeme-pass izihlungi. Uma kungekho isifiso ukukhiqiza ithoni-ngokwakho, kube angathengwa ezitolo. Izindleko EZWAKALA esinjalo kubaluleke kakhulu.

stereo amplifier

Kodwa Ulf stereo Ukulalela nicer okuningi kuka mono. Futhi ukwenza kube kabili njengoba kanzima - udinga ukuqoqa omunye Ulf ne nemingcele efanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, uthola okokufaka ezimbili kanye Imiphumela abaningi. Futhi wesifunda amandla amplifier futhi izigaba kwangaphambilini kumele lifane, kungenjalo ukusebenza kuzohluka.

Zonke capacitors futhi resistors nemingcele esifanayo - kusukela amagugu lokwehlukile futhi tolerances. nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze nokuzabalazela ushintsho - kumele kusetshenziswe design oluhambisana for control ivolumu, kanye EZWAKALA. Umqondo wokuthi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufana ukulungisa lezi nemingcele kuzo zombili iziteshi.

uhlelo 2.1

Kodwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi umsindo, ungakwazi ukwengeza subwoofer ezokwenza zandisa imisindo ephansi. I jikelele wesifunda amplifier uxhumano ayishintshi, block yesithathu kuphela sengezwe. Eqinisweni, kufanele ube ezintathu ezifanayo ngokuphelele mono yokukhulisa umsindo - elilodwa kwesokunxele isiteshi, kwesokudla, subwoofer.

Qaphela ukuthi ukulawula yevolumu subwoofer yehlukile i-CFP. Lokhu kuzovumela esikhathini esizayo ukuze ushintshe ileveli inzuzo. Nquma the "extra" imvamisa zilandelwa ngu wesifunda elula, okubandakanya capacitors eziningana futhi resistors. Kodwa ungasebenzisa ngomumo eyenziwe ongaphakeme-pass izihlungi, ezidayiswa nganoma iyiphi esitolo izingxenye umsakazo.

isiphetho

Sesihlole icebo tube yokukhulisa umsindo, avamise okuphindaphindiwe hams imiklamo yabo. Self-akhiqize kubo ngaphansi amandla wendoda uyakwazi ukuthi uphathwa kanjani insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu, nezincwadi lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa uma ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi Resistor kanye epholisayo ungazami ukufunda okuthile, futhi udinga i-amplifier, kungcono ucele ziyinkosi abanolwazi ukwenza VLF.