Indlela yokusebenzisa i oscilloscope? Indlela yokusebenzisa i-oscilloscope ephathekayo digital?

Lesi sihloko izochaza ukuthi ukusebenzisa oscilloscope, ukuthi iyini futhi ngayiphi injongo idingeka. Ayikho laboratory ngeke kube khona kungekho instrumentation noma umthombo amasignali, voltages nemisinga. Futhi uma uhlela bahlanganyele ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ephezulu ubuchwepheshe, isib inverter ugesi), khona-ke yenza okuthile kungaba yinkinga ngaphandle koxhumano oscilloscope.

Kuyini oscilloscope

Le idivayisi evumela ukuthi wena "ukubona" amandla, noma kunalokho, ezakheke isikhathi esithile. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukala imingcele eminingi - voltage, imvamisa, amandla lamanje, engele isigaba ukuqhela. Kodwa isici nice lisebenze, ngakho lokuthi ikuvumela ukuba zibukeke ukuhlola ukuma isiginali. Phela, ezimweni eziningi, axoxa ngalokho ncamashi eyenzekayo wesifunda, lapho nesilinganiso.

Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, voltage elakhiwa hhayi kuphela njalo kodwa futhi isakhi onhlobonhlobo. Futhi ifomu lesibili kungenzeka kude sinusoid ekahle. a voltmeters isignali okunjalo, isib, baqonde ngenhliziyo amaphutha amakhulu. Isikhombi amathuluzi uyonika kwenani elifanayo, digital - lilincane kakhulu, futhi DC voltmeter kuya - kaningana. I silinganiso esinembile kakhulu eyatholakala lokufeza, ngosizo idivayisi echazwe esihlokweni. Akunandaba ukuthi ingabe oscilloscope N3013 isetshenziswa (indlela yokusebenzisa, esikhuluma ngaye ngezansi) noma imodeli ezahlukene. Isilinganiso uyefana.

Izici kudivayisi

oscilloscopes Digital abakwazi kuphela real-time umumo gagasi, kodwa futhi ukugcina yonke idatha ukuthi emuva kwesikhathi ifundwe nga kumakhompyutha siqu. Ngokwe umumo gagasi kuboniswe sibalo ngenhla, singakwazi ukuchaza izici ezithile amasignali:

1. Uhlamvu isignali ishayela.
2. Amanani Negative ungeyena isignali engenayo.
3. yokuguquka kakhulu kusukela 0 kuya nalokho esiphezulu kungokufanayo.
4. Ububanzi ishayela phezulu ubude ukumisa okwesikhashana kuyinto izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu.

Ngokuvamile izifundo oscilloscope amasignali gqwa. Kuyinto ngazo futhi kuzoxoxwa ngani esihlokweni.

Njengoba esebenza

Inhliziyo ka oscilloscopes - cathode ray tube. Kungashiwo cleaner tube, Ngakho-ke, kuyinto cleaner ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi cathode, ekushayweni electron kwenzeka. Nge ngokugxila ohlelweni kumiswa ekhiqizwa yalezi ugongolo ezondile electron. Le ngxenye engaphakathi kwesikrini embozwe ungqimba umfaniswano phosphor. Kuyinto ngaphansi isenzo electron sikhanya. Kubuka ngaphandle kwesikrini, ungabona phakathi ibala elikhanyayo.

I tube cathode-ray has amabili namabhuzu amapuleti, okuyinto ukuqondisa ugongolo electron ohlangothini oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuka salo e-perpendicular (Okusizayo) izinkomba. Kalula nje, yingoba kuvela ezimbili Ukudidiyela izinhlelo. Ukuze ubuke le voltage esikrinini kwihendisethi, udinga:

1. uvumelanise evundlile kufanele kuyekwe ukuze ukubaluleka offset kwaba ngqo wakhona isikhathi.
2. Le ndiza mpo kuyadingeka ukuthi ukubaluleka ukuphambuka kwaba wakhona voltage oludlula cwaningo.

scan

shanela voltage kumelwe lunikezwe nalezo ipuleti, okuyinto ahlelwe indiza mpo. It ukuma ezishibilikayo nezicijile, kancane ezikhulayo yemigqa, futhi sine-sincipha ngokushesha kakhulu. Uma lokhu omuhle Imiphumela voltage ngalolo ugongolo is baphambukile ngakwesokudla. A negative - yokuthi uhamba ugongolo kwesobunxele. Lokhu kunjalo uma obuka kuphambi isikrini, bese uyabona ukuthi ugongolo ezinyakazayo kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla. Isivinini salo njalo. Ngemva kokufinyelela emngceleni kwesokudla, washeshe eya yasekuqaleni. Khona-ke, leso sicelo iphindwa.

Lesi sihloko kuyoba akhawunti enemininingwane iningi indlela ukusebenzisa oscilloscope. Inqubo ngenhla futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "Skena". umugqa scan - umugqa (emile), ugongolo idwetshwa esikrinini. Lapho izilinganiso abazenzi, ubizwa ngokuthi umugqa oholayo. Libuye eksisi isikhathi kugrafu. Freq - Kayisilutho ngaphandle ukuthi kunezikhathi eziningi lapho ishayela ukuphindaphinda ezishibilikayo nezicijile kwenzeka. Phakathi izilinganiso, ke asisebenzi. Amapharamitha Ezibalulekile Ezingafundwa izilinganiso - kungcono isivinini.

Indlela ukuxhuma Ngenisa oscilloscope

Voltage isilinganiso kuyadingeka ngesikhathi amaphuzu amabili, bese uvo the oscilloscope - terminals ezimbili. Qaphela ukuthi imisebenzi ngayinye ezikhumulweni ezahlukene:

1. Eyokuqala ixhunywe uvo-amplifier okuyinto kuqeda ugongolo indiza mpo.
2. Eyesibili esibulalayo - ucingo ezivamile (phansi, lokususa umzimba). Kungenxa zokuxhumana ngogesi ngokuqondile izindlu kudivayisi.

Yingakho-ke kumele kuphetfwe kwekutsi ngosizo i oscilloscope kulinganiswa isigaba voltage maqondana phansi. Futhi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi okokufaka - isigaba. Ngo amadivayisi ukwakhiwa angaphandle ukusebenzisa umklamo iphenya ekhethekile. Bona wire ezivamile yenziwa isiqeshana uhlobo "ingwenya". Isixazululo enengqondo kunazo zonke, ngoba lokhu wire ngokuvamile uxhumeke kwi-umzimba wensimbi zedivayisi, okuyinto abakumedako. Kodwa isigaba wenziwa ngesimo izinaliti. Ngalo ungakwazi kalula xhoxha kunoma iyiphi indawo wiring ephrintiwe, ngisho lapho ngizoba ngedwa khona umlenze sekhompiyutha.

Indlela ukuxhuma oscilloscope yasekhaya

ERussia, amazinga ehlukene, ngakho zomculo production ezifuywayo kungcono ezahlukene. Plugs ezisetshenziswa kakhulu-4 mm ububanzi. Futhi ziyafana, kufanele uthole ukuthi ezinye zezimpawu, hhayi ukudida uxhumano:

1. ukuphela Negative ngokuvamile has a obuphelele okukhulu.
2. umbala omnyama noma ompofu kuyinto sici wire phansi.
3. On the plug zobumba ASB kwaphawula "phansi" noma "wire ezivamile".

Kodwa lokhu ngeke kulokho, njengoba izintambo ngokuvamile kuncike ukulungisa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho phezu wire isethi ipulaki etholakalayo. With Amathuba 100% kungaba azimisele, okuyinto wire zero, futhi okuyinto - isigaba, enye indlela. Okokuqala uthinte isandla senye i-plug-ke - okunye. Futhi akuxhomekile imodeli, ngabe kungcono S1-118A oscilloscope (indlela ukusebenzisa amadivaysi echazwe ingezansi), noma yimuphi omunye.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi wena ngeke Esandleni sakho phambili negative, ungabuka umugqa flat ovundlile esikrinini. Futhi uma uthinta izintambo isigaba phezu angahleliwe wave sine liyavela esibukweni nge komsindo. Ugcine ukubonwa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ezinye capacitance phakathi nendlu izintambo kagesi egumbini futhi umzimba wakho (isikhala egumbini - kuba yisivikelo).

izenzo okwengeziwe

Lapho isigaba kanye lokususa kunqunywa, nesilinganiso esiyolandelwa. Esimweni lapho ungeke zibukeke ukunquma inani lazo zonke izakhi ze-wire Kumele uxhumeke amaphuzu phakathi lapho voltage ukuba kulinganiswa. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi siye sitholakale neketanga it has a wire ezivamile, kungase ngisho uxhumeke emhlabeni. Ngokufanayo okulungiselelwe kanye oscilloscope OMSH-2M. Indlela ukuyisebenzisela ukala kuzoxoxwa ngezansi. Kulokhu, lo oscilloscope phansi wire kumele ezixhunywe kulo.

Eqinisweni, i-oscilloscope - a voltmeter, elibonisa igrafu voltage ngesikhathi isikhawu esithile. Kodwa ikuvumela ukuba ubone futhi yakha i kagesi. Ukuze sikwazi ukufeza lokhu, udinga ukuxhuma ekhethekile zamanje abathola ukumelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani layo kumelwe ibe ngaphansi impedance yochungechunge uqobo. Kulokhu, lo Resistor ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kwe-circuit.

I oscilloscope ezimbili isiteshi

Futhi kubizwa ezimbili uvumelanise, it has isici - ungahlinzekela ekuskrini amasignali emithonjeni emibili ehlukene kanyekanye. It has imigudu emibili, okuyinto ebekwe zesi-Roman. Qaphela ukuthi kuzo zombili iziteshi lokususa ezikhumulweni kuthiwa kagesi exhunywe kwi-izindlu. Ngakho-ke, lapho izilinganiso ungavumeli uxhumano yalezi izintambo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene circuit. Nakhu ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-oscilloscope S1-68, isib for ekulinganiseni wamanje kanye voltage kanyekanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ingozi kokuthola ulwazi olungalungile, ngoba wesifunda kushintsha kakhulu ngoba lokhu short circuit. Ethile - akunakwenzeka ukuba bagcine voltages ezimbili ezihlukene. Kodwa akulona elibaluleke kakhulu, kusukela e zikagesi kakhulu omunye izingongolo (ngokuvamile, ugesi negative esibulalayo) exhunywe kwi okwakhiwa kwezindlu zomxhaso kanye kuvamile. Ngakho-ke, nesilinganiso voltages ukuthi kukhona wire ezijwayelekile.

The kungenzeka idivayisi ezimbili isiteshi

Ukusebenzisa ezimbili-isiteshi oscilloscope, uthola ukulawula voltage samanje wesifunda ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenziwa izilinganiso shift isigaba phakathi voltage zamanje ngaphandle nobunzima. Omunye wesiteshi kumele ulinganise zamanje, kanti eyesibili - voltage kulesi sifunda. Ukuze nesilinganiso zamanje, you khumbula, kudingeka afake cebo Resistor ethile ukumelana ezithile. Ngakho indlela ukusebenzisa S1-94 oscilloscope nontanga kunzima ngempela, kudingeka sigcine khona Kunconywa wiring imidvwebo ukukala ipharamitha.

Kuwufanele sokunaka Umklamo oscilloscopes - kungcono kancane ongenakulinganisela. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuvumelanisa isiteshi kuqala uncono kakhulu futhi uzinze ngokwengeziwe kuka lakamuva. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuxhuma ezikhumulweni isiteshi sokuqala ngoba voltage nesilinganiso, hhayi zamanje. Lokhu izonikeza uzinze umumo gagasi ukubonisa esikrinini idivayisi. Ungalokothi uxhume ezikhumulweni lokususa of imigudu emibili ukuze amaphuzu ezahlukene wesifunda! Njalo ukuxhuma ndawonye.

Izilawuli

On the front panel zikhona izingalo eziningana, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukulungiswa okuhle oscilloscope. potentiometers ezimbili - ukuphathwa iziteshi 1 futhi 2. Kukhona ukuvumelanisa ukulawula umsebenzi, ukuskena, kukhona kungenzeka ukuba ulungise ukugxila, ukukhanya, kwasemuva. Uma ubheka esibukweni, ungabona ukuthi ihlukaniswe yaba ezincane ezikweleni - division. Kufanele kusetshenziswe nesilinganiso. Kuyinto lezi tikwele kufanele alibophe isikali nendawo futhi zibheka. izici ezinjalo has S1-67 oscilloscope. Indlela yokusebenzisa zinsizakuphila wokulandisa nesilinganiso kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Qaphela ukuthi isikali ovundlile kukalwa ngemizuzwana division ngayinye. A thwi - e volts division ngayinye. Ngokuvamile, oscilloscope has izikwele mayelana 6-10 indiza evundla 4-8 - mpo. On the centerlines zisetshenziswa ingozi, behlukanisa ingxenye ngayinye ibe izingxenye 10 (kuyalingana) noma 5. Lezi zigaba zingenziwa izibalo oluqonde kakhulu.

imodi yokufaka

Ngaphambili iphaneli has a inkinobho ekhethekile ubeka idivayisi ezifundeni ezehlukene. Okhonjiswe - umugqa oqondile kusukela phezulu, ngenzansi -volnistaya. Lapho ngokudlulisela isikhundla engenhla ekufakeni ingaba njengesihluthulelo kwenombolo, futhi zinamandla njalo. Ngemvume Vula ubhekwa DC. Lapho bashintshele isikhundla aphansi kuvunyelwe kuphela ukwanelisa okokufaka AC voltage. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba afeze izilinganiso ezincane kakhulu AC voltage (maqondana value elikhulu kakhulu njalo). Ezibalulekile Ezingafundwa izilinganiso emabangeni amplifier.

Khumbula kungcono lilula - udinga ukuxhuma amplifier kuya capacitor input. Kulokhu, emnyango ivaliwe. Qaphela ukuthi kule modi, izilinganiso LF-amasignali nge imvamisa esingaphansi 5 Hz buthaka. Ngenxa yalokho, zingase kulinganiswa kuphela evulekile entry mode.

Lapho inkinobho usesimweni phakathi, isixhumi linqamuka amandla okokufaka, futhi kukhona kuyo ingumhlabathi iphutha. Ngenxa yalesi kungenzeka ukusetha scan. Ngakho indlela ukusebenzisa S1-49 oscilloscope nontanga futhi kungesemehlweni izilawuli main akunakwenzeka, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngazo ngokuningiliziwe.

isiteshi wokufaka oscilloscope

Ngaphambili iphaneli has a isikali indiza mpo - ekufinyelelwa kuso ngokubheka ukuzwela ukulawula isiteshi lapho nesilinganiso senzeka. Kungenzeka ukushintsha isikali akuyona bushelelezi, futhi izinyathelo, nge inkinobho. Iziphi izindinganiso nemigomo lingasethwa nalo, ukubheka umzimba eceleni kwakhe. Ku-eksisi okufanayo inkinobho isikhethi iwukuba ukulungiswa esihle (nakhu ukuthi ukusebenzisa S1-73 oscilloscope futhi onobuhle efanayo).

On the front panel ungathola ipeni nge umfanekiso nemicibisholo emibili. Uma-ke phenduka, igrafu wesiteshi iqala ukuhambisa zibheka (phezulu naphansi). Qaphela ukuthi eduze nale isibambo linophawu ingcaca libonisa kulokho isiqondiso kubalulekile ukuze uphendukisa ukushintsha ukubaluleka Okuphindaphinda endaweni ohlangothini emincane noma emikhulu ukuthi. Izilawuli kokubili iziteshi ziyafana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aphambi komtshina iqukethe namasumpa Ngokuphambene ukulungiswa, ukukhanya, ukuvumelanisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Digital Pocket Oscilloscope (indlela yokusebenzisa umshini ophathwa ngesandla, sisuke sicabanga) Ubuye eziningi izilungiselelo amagrafu isibonisi.

Indlela ukulinganisa

Selichaza indlela yokusebenzisa wedijithali noma analog oscilloscope. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi konke ububi. Kuwufanele akhulume ngomunye sici - zonke izilinganiso abazenzi zibukeke, ngakho kunobungozi ukuthi iphutha kungaba okusezingeni eliphezulu. Phawula futhi ukuthi scan voltage ifa linearity encane kakhulu, okuholela Iphutha nesilinganiso isigaba shift noma imvamisa cishe 5%. Ukunciphisa la maphutha, kuyadingeka ukwenza isimo eyodwa elula - igrafu okufanele kungene cishe 90% kwesikrini. Lapho izilinganiso kwenziwe imvamisa futhi voltage (timeslot etholakalayo) kufanele elawula ukulungiswa inzuzo phezu isignali okufakwayo kanye nezinga shanela asethwe isikhundla ezingakwesokudla. Kuyaphawuleka esinye isici: ngakho indlela ukusebenzisa oscilloscope digital may ngisho amathuluzi saqala nge CRT elahlekile lokuhambisana.

Indlela ukukala voltage

Ukuze enze nesilinganiso voltage, sebenzisa amagugu isikali indiza mpo. Okokuqala udinga ukwenza omunye lezi zinyathelo:

1. Hlanganisa terminals ezimbili input we oscilloscope ndawonye.
2. Humusha okokufaka Ukushintsha imodi, okuhambelana uxhumano phansi. Khona-ke isilawuli, olubonakaliswa eduze nemicibisholo emibili-ephethwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umugqa scan is kwaqondana central (emile) umugqa esikrinini.

Humusha iyunithi ikumodi nesilinganiso, nokusebenzisa isignali okufakwayo okuyinto kumele iphenywe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yisiphi isimo sabasebenzi Ukudayela mode isethwe. Futhi nangu kanjani ukusebenzisa oscilloscope ephathekayo digital? Bekusele kancane nje ukuba nzima - kulezi kumadivayisi izinguquko nokunye okuningi.

Ngenxa yalokho, ungase ukwazi ukubona esikrinini isimiso esithile. Ukukala ngokunembile ukuphakama isibambo ukuba kusetshenziswe umfanekiso umcibisholo ovundlile kabili ephethwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphuzu elingenhla igrafu falling emgqeni mpo esikhungweni. It has a iziqu, ngakho-ke kuba lula ukubala voltage ngempumelelo kulesi sifunda.

Indlela ukukala imvamisa

Ukusebenzisa oscilloscope ungenza yizilinganiso zinkathi, ngokukhethekile, inkathi isignali. Uyaqonda ukuthi iyiphi imvamisa isignali njalo wakhona isikhathi. Inkathi nesilinganiso engenziwa kunoma iyiphi umumo gagasi domain. Kodwa isimo sikuvumela futhi esinembile lokufeza nesilinganiso kuleyo amaphuzu lapho igrafu ephambana eksisi evundla. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala izilinganiso isiqiniseko sokumisa scan esicacile umugqa ovundlile, etholakala maphakathi. Ngakho indlela ukusebenzisa oscilloscope ephathekayo oludijithali lula kunalokho analog, esidlule kade laphela futhi kuyaqabukela isetshenziselwe nesilinganiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, besebenzisa isibambo, okhethwe ovundlile nemicibisholo emibili-ephethwe, kubalulekile ukuba bayeke nokuqala kwenkathi ngolayini ezikwesokunxele esibukweni. Ngemva kokubala inkathi isignali kungenzeka, usebenzisa ifomula elula ukubala imvamisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iyunithi ehlukaniswa kwesikhathi ngaphambili ibalwa. Ukulinganisa ukunemba kuyahlukahluka. Ukuze wandise ke, kubalulekile ngangokunokwenzeka yokwelula igrafu nendawo.

Nakani koMbuso owodwa: nge okwandisa imvamisa incipha inkathi (kusukela Ingxenye reverse). Futhi okuphambene nalokho - ne nokuncipha kwesikhathi nokwanda imvamisa. Inani eliphansi iphutha - yilapho angaphansi kwamaphesenti 1. Kodwa ukunemba okuphezulu abanjalo nsuku oscilloscope iyakwazi ukunikeza. Kuphela digital, lapho scan yomugqa, ungakwazi ukuthola izilinganiso olunembile.

Njengoba kunqunywa shift isigaba

Futhi manje mayelana nendlela ukusebenzisa S1-112A oscilloscope sokulinganisa shift isigaba. Kodwa ukuze siqale - ukuzimisela. Isigaba shift - isici ezibonisa indlela ahlelwe isihlobo komunye nomunye izinqubo ezimbili (vibrational) isikhathi esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso akuyona ngemizuzwana, futhi izingxenye isikhathi. Ngamanye amazwi, yokukala - iyunithi ekhoneni. Uma izitshengiselo lezi ngokulinganayo isebangeni nekhululekile, banayo isigaba shift beyoba okufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuxhomekile nobuningi kanye nenkathi - esikalini wangempela amagrafu ku ovundlile (isikhathi) eksisi kungaba noma ikuphi.

ukunemba Maximum kuzoba umcimbi ukuthi yokwelula schedule for obuphelele lonke kwesikrini. Esimeni analog oscilloscope Igrafu isibonakaliso ukuhlola ichannel yinye ngayinye uzoba ukukhanya nombala. Ukuhlukanisa lezi amagrafu komunye nomunye, okudingeka ukwenze ngayinye amplitude yayo. Futhi voltage ukuthi sisetshenziswa isiteshi sokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza njengoba enkulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi kungcono kangakanani ubambe ukuvumelanisa izithombe esikrinini. Nakhu ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-S1-112A oscilloscope. Amanye amadivayisi ziyahluka kancane ukusebenza.