NeMpi YaseCrimea: War Heroes (uhlu)

Manje, lapho ngemva kokunqotshwa Russia eCrimea kuye kwaba kuka engamashumi amahlanu, akekho oyothi ukuthi kukhona yayisempini "ne ababi ncela." Kuthiwa imbongi omkhulu Tiutchev. Yena - yobudala efanayo sathola yonke imiphumela emibi ukuthi alethwe kuleli zwe neMpi YaseCrimea. Heroes of the War of the ezingenakubalwa nje. Kodwa isifiso sokuvelela yenkosi wayengaqapheli ukuthi lowo impi Kwakungafanele inombolo nangekhono.

East impi

Isenzo wamabutho wathatha indawo hhayi kuphela enhlonhlweni, okwakunginika igama umkhankaso iminyaka emithathu, kodwa futhi eCaucasus, ku White, Black, uBarents Sea, eKamchatka, futhi ababusi Danubian. Nokho, eCrimea usebhekene ngaphezu kwabo bonke, futhi ngenxa yalokho waba neMpi YaseCrimea. Impi namaqhawe ngokungenabugovu anikela ngokuphila kwawo ngenxa kucinisa kulawula phezu besebunzimeni kweBlack Sea iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi zonke waqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani yezwe kodwa abantu bakubo Russian ngenzile konke ababenakho njalo.

Kwadingeka ngilwe hhayi kuphela ngokumelene abaseTurkey njengoba uMbuso WaseTurkey waba buthaka kakhulu, kulesi simo, ukunqoba weza lula. Cha, yalahla iRussia nazo njengoba kunanini ngaphambili, futhi kamuva yonke sokusebenzisana European - Britain, iFrance, eSardinia ilk wabo. Futhi, njengoba njalo, behlaselwa bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kuwo wonke emingceleni Russian omkhulu - yilokho liphendulile neMpi YaseCrimea. Impi namaqhawe Kuyo yonke indawo kwakugcwele - kusukela e-White Yasolwandle Eya E-Petropavlovsk. Kodwa kuhlulekile ukunqoba.

izizathu

-Turks kwakudingeka aseBalkan, lapho bonke lwavutha namandla yavelonkhe yenkhululeko, futhi wayefuna ukuhlanganyela eCrimea, futhi umbuso yasogwini lolwandle. Europe ungathanda udedele udumo waseRussia emphakathini wonke, ukuba buthaka ke, ungayeki isizinda eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye kungenzeka ukukhetha kwakhe ePoland, eCrimea, Finland ne eCaucasus. Konke lokhu ngenxa izimakethe zabo. Kwakumelwe kakhulu ezandleni iMpi YaseCrimea. Impi namaqhawe wabulala ngenxa izifiso zabanye abantu nokunonophala yabanye.

UMbusi uNicholas mina ngasekuqaleni 50-yalolucwaningo yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye futhi icabangela izinyathelo ukuhlukanisa aseBalkan Orthodox ekubuseni WaseTurkey futhi ngicabange ukuthi Austria futhi UK uzoya igoli elikhulu kangaka. Kwaba okungenani iDemo obona ngokucacile. UK ngamaphupho isaha displaces Russia hhayi kuphela kusukela ogwini loLwandle Black, kodwa futhi kusukela eCaucasus. Napoleon III kakhulu wafuna revenge for the impi ezilahlekile 1812, konke lokhu isobala. namaqhawe Russian besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea bénza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze bawine, kodwa amabutho akulingani, nezinye izizathu - bemvelo luyingxenye lobuchwepheshe - baye uvinjelwe.

Isigaba sokuqala

Ngo-October Nicholas mina wahamba wayokulwa Turkey ngokungena ngemvume manifest ezifanele, futhi ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha ngempela kwenziwa kuphela abaseTurkey iMpi YaseCrimea ngo 1853. Amaqhawe lezi ezempi baye bazibonakalisa kusukela osukwini lokuqala. Nokho, inkosi miscalculated, sithembele non-kweziphazamiso futhi ukusiza kusukela amabutho anamandla British kanye Austrian. amabutho Russian baba baningi kakhulu - abangaphezu kwesigidi abantu. Kodwa kuhlomisa ke washiya okuningi okufanele oyifunayo. Against ngezibhamu baseYurophu kokulahlekelwa ngokucacile bushelelezi yethu.

Wezikhali kwaba ngokupheleleyo akusebenzi. imikhumbi yethu cruised ikakhulukazi namanje ngaphansi useyili nabaseYurophu umusi izinjini imikhawulo. Communications, njengoba ngempela futhi wayekade njalo, njengoba ngempela, qhubeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ujike, ungazange sasungulwa, ukudla kanye nezinhlamvu izimpi samukelwe sekwephuzile, futhi ukuntuleka replenishment akazange afike ngesikhathi. Nge abaseTurkey, ibutho isiRashiya, futhi kulesi simo ziyokwenziwa, kodwa namandla yaseYurophu kuhlanganiswe ngisho namaqhawe eziningi besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea, ayikwazanga umphumela.

Impi yase-Sinop

Ekuqaleni, impumelelo kwaba onhlobonhlobo. The main eyingqopha - Battle of Sinop, ngo-November 1853, lapho undunankulu Russian P. S. Nahimov iqhawe besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea ochotshoziwe ngokuphelele e Sinop Bay imikhumbi-Turkish emahoreni ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke amabhethri ugu bevinjelwa. Turkish base wamabutho asolwandle ilahlekelwe imikhumbi angaphezu kweshumi nambili futhi babulawa abantu abangaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu, zonke izinqaba ugu kwabhujiswa. Umkhuzi imikhumbi-Turkish lithunjwa. umkhumbi ngesivinini eyodwa kuphela nabeluleki British ebhodini wakwazi lushelele aphume bay.

Nakhimov ukulahlekelwa babe ingasaphathwa: akukho umkhumbi awuzange izindwali ezinye zazo zalimala washiya iyokhandwa. abantu amathathu nesikhombisa-abulawa. Lawa kwakungamadodana namaqhawe lokuqala neMpi YaseCrimea (1853-1856). Uhlu ivuliwe. Nokho, lo lolungenamaphutsa kuhlelwe futhi akukho ngaphansi lolungenamaphutsa olwenziwa ulwandle empini Sinop Bay ngokoqobo alotshiwe igolide emakhasini umlando ngoxhaxha Russian. Futhi masinya emva kwalokho kwaqina eFrance naseNgilandi, abakwazanga uvumele Russia ukunqoba. Impi kwathiwa, futhi ngokushesha nje isigaba yomunye uvele oLwandle iBaltic e Kronstadt futhi Sveaborg, okuyinto lapho behlaselwa. Ngo-White Sea, Imikhumbi yamaNgisi kufika inqwaba yezicelo sezindela Solovetsky. Impi waqala eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka.

umlenze wesibili

Esigabeni se-impi yesibili --Ephreli 1854 kuya ku-February 1856 - ukuqala ukungenela-British kanye nema-French eCrimea nokuhlaselwa inqaba Russian ezilwandle ezine. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, abahlaseli wazama wasithatha nhlonhlo eCrimea, ngoba Sevastopol kwaba kakade sina base waseRussia asolwandle. Baqala uhambo lwabo kuya oMfelandawonye e Yalta, lapho ngokushesha won River Alma. Umkhuzi A. S. Menshikov kuyagwenywa amasosha Russian Bakhchisarai. Coast unogada babe amaqhawe Sevastopol. NeMpi YaseCrimea ubashiyile ithuba lokuwina, kodwa uzilungiselele ekuvinjezelweni indlela sina. Defense eholwa P. S. Nahimov, VI Istomin futhi V Kornilov.

Njengoba Admirals elwa sasisogwini? Bangaphezu kuka-eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili amatilosi lakhe bajoyine amabutho phansi, ocwilayo emikhunjini yabo emnyango Sevastopol bay, ngaleyo ndlela beqinisa emzini obiyelwe ngodonga kusukela olwandle. Ngalesi isinyathelo amaqhawe neMpi YaseCrimea (1853-1856) wahamba ngoba ababuthakathaka imikhumbi Russian ayesayokwazi ukuba simelane abahlaseli. Kodwa izibhamu imikhumbi - izibhamu ezingaphezu kuka anamabini amawaka - wakhonza njengomdala oluqinisayo ezengeziwe zibuswa inqaba. Zaba eziyisishiyagalombili, phakathi kwezinye izinqaba. Lezakhamuzi wahileleka kakhulu isakhiwo sabo, lapho izindonga zase ukukhwezwa zonke: ebhodini. ifenisha, izitsha, amatshe kanye nezwe elula, into engase okungenani ingxenye alibale amachashazi. Abantu beze kangangokuba kwakungekho ngamapiki ngokwanele namafosholo - bonke, la abantu abavamile, futhi, amaqhawe neMpi YaseCrimea 1853-1856.

ukuzivikela

Fortress labetibambile ukuvinjezelwa izinsuku 349. ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu ikhanda futhi asolwandle nabasebenza wema nokuzinikela kubonakala ezinhlanu esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa umkhankaso owabhubhisa lonke Umkhumbi thimu of dolobhakazi. Evuthelwa ezweni nasolwandle, isiyonke engaphezu kweyodwa amawaka, anamakhulu mahlanu, anamanci mahlanu amawaka izibhamu adubula amagobolondo. Kodwa akesabi Sevastopol, iMpi YaseCrimea wayengakafiki elahlekile, futhi naphezu inombolo disparate isibhamu imiphongolo, ihlumela Russian ngokunembile kakhulu. Abamakhulu amabili namatjhumi asithandathu nabunane izibhamu asekelwe Sidlale lokhu Duel ngokungafanele. Imikhumbi isitha kwakuyinto ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu - izitsha eziyisishiyagalombili kwesokunxele iyokhandwa - futhi zinhlanga.

Okuningi kusuka kolwandle Sevastopol awuzange ngamabhomu, walivikela futhi ngobuciko amabutho isiRashiya, negazi elincane futhi ngokushesha edolobheni lingenyuswanga, nakuba kuleli futhi lakha lonke ukubala. Ukunqoba owawunalo ekuqaleni lwalubalulekile, yize kwathi zokuziphatha ezingaphezu kuka umkhosi: amabutho sokusebenzisana ungazange anqotshiwe, yokuvinjezelwa baqhubeka. Hhayi ngaphandle kokulahleka ungalungiseki. Ngenkathi abaseBhabhiloni bevimbezele ngokufa namaqhawe amaningi neMpi YaseCrimea (1853-1856). Uhlu eliholwa ekulahlekelweni ezinsukwini zokuqala wafa heroically ngaphansi umlilo kusukela Kornilov Vice-Admiral. A Nakhimov, owayehola ekumeleleni Sevastopol manje, ukhushuliwe sezempi yini. Kwaba ngoMashi 1855. Futhi ngo-July, futhi elambulala - cishe endaweni efanayo, lapho kwabulawa Kornilov.

ukwehluleka

Ibutho Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-Prince Menshikov wazama ukusiza Sevastopol, edonsa nemabutfo, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Battle of Yevpatoria, Inkerman futhi Black Rechka yaphela wangaphumelela kanye abavikeli komuzi-iqhawe kwasiza kancane kakhulu. Ring isitha wenqulu konke baqaphe. Lo mkhankaso eCrimea ngoba Russian lalahleka ngokucacile. ECaucasus, babhekane kanjani kancane kangcono, kukhona amabutho Turkish zashaywa kaningi, ngisho ephethwe wasithatha enqabeni Kars.

Nokho, amaqhawe neMpi YaseCrimea, kanye nezenzo zawo ayikwazanga nxephezela yesibindi sabo bonke ukushiyeka izikhali nezinto yebutho Russian. Ekupheleni kuka-August, amaFulentshi matasa engxenyeni eseningizimu Sevastopol futhi Malakoff. Isiphetho umuzi lokhu kulahlekelwa kwanqunywa ezingaphezu kuka ingxenye yesine yayo yonke ikampu, abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nantathu alahleka impi yosuku. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye yomuzi futhi akazange adikibale, yokubuyiswa ukuzivikela baye akalindanga.

Ukuphela impi

Eyikhulu nanhlanu ayizinkulungwane emadodeni empi Russian eCrimea zazisekhona ukulungele ukwenza, ngisho noma isitha abantu abanengi baphikisana nathi nabo - abahlaseli lawela enhlonhlweni yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu nezinkulungwane ezingamashumi. Ngakho, umvuthwandaba impi ukuvikela Sevastopol. Ngemva kwalokho, imisebenzini yezempi inqanyuliwe. Russian wakwazi ukunqoba eCaucasus, kodwa isiphukuphuku enkulu eCrimea. Army kwaba mpilo cishe ngokuphelele, futhi, Izici, - konke. Ngisho nolaka. waqala Izingxoxo.

Paris

I isivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa e-Paris ngoMashi 1856. Russia ilahlekelwe kangako ezindaweni zakhona ezabelwe, kodwa ukuhlazeka zokuziphatha. izifunda esiseNingizimu eBessarabia abangu ishiywe dengwane, ilungelo ukusekelwa eSerbia iDanube eMbusweni Orthodox yaphangwa. Kodwa ezingemnandi kunazo - neutralization Sea: Izwe lethu manje alikwazanga ikhona lasolwandle, izinqaba nezikhali. umngcele Russian abavezwe. EMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi, zonke umthelela lalahleka: Moldova, iSerbia Wallachia wabuyela Sultan yoMbuso WaseTurkey.

namaqhawe Fallen besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea, uhlu okuyinto iyawakha ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo futhi inexpressibly omkhulu (futhi iqala uhlu izinhlamvu kusuka egameni uMbusi uNicholas mina, nge ihlazo ezisele, kodwa niphilele!) - kuvela, wafa ngeze. ukunqotshwa Russian wonke amalungelo ethintekile hhayi kuphela kwangaphakathi isikhundla salo, kodwa futhi ukuba wonke ukulingana amabutho ezweni. Bembula ubuthaka ukuphathwa, kuhlomisa wamabutho, kodwa kube khona ngesibonakaliso umoya obungantengantengi ongashi ubuqhawe Russian of amasosha Russian. Umphakathi kuleli zwe baqala ukukhuluma ezingasho ngesibindi iqiniso, Nikolaev umthetho kwaba guises. Uhulumeni uthathe enye ngemuva kwenye kwekuhlela kabusha esimweni.

Kornilov

UVladimir Alekseevich Kornilov, a Iphini Umkhuzi, kwaba, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle sitholwa njengefa. Waba khona abadumile Battle of Navarino (1827) ngokumelene imikhumbi yaseGibhithe futhi Turkish, lapho amatilosi yona Flagship "Azov" ukuboniswa anamandla kungemalengiso futsi ngowokuqala emlandweni laseRussia lathola wayelukhuni eSt George ifulege.

Vala Kornilov alwa namanye iqhawe emibili neMpi YaseCrimea: uLieutenant abasha Nakhimov futhi midshipman Istomin. At ekuqaleni kwempi, ngo-Okthoba 1853, Kornilov, ngenkathi kwesimo endaweni, zatholakala e ethekwini umkhumbi-Turkish, esibekwa kuye ukulwa, wawahlula, bamyisa zakhe ukuba Sevastopol. Ngemva kokulunga kwalowo umkhumbi - siyindlala Russia ngalezo zikhathi - kungenzeka wayethunywe futhi waya Black Sea Fleet ngaphansi kwegama "Kornilov."

Umyalo Kugcine

Ngaphambi ukuvinjezelwa Sevastopol, Vice Admiral banxuswa ukuba iseluleko le flagships nezinduna umfelandawonye ukunikeza wakhe wokugcina impi asolwandle. Kodwa iningi akusekeliwe, lasolwandle umane yacwila emnyango ethekwini Sevastopol, ukuze isitha akakwazanga zisondela emzini waseThesalonika kusukela olwandle.

Khona-ke, uVladimir ihlelwe ukwakhiwa izinqaba kanye zibuswa ukulungiselela ekuvinjezelweni. Ngezinye Malakhov Hill elambulala okukhulu wezikhali bombardment, uzungeze nezivikelo entsha. Kornilov ayeyale: "Vikela Sevastopol!" futhi emva kwemizuzu embalwa, wayesefa. Nakuba, njengoba kuboniswa neMpi YaseCrimea (1853), izinhlamvu abafi!

Nakhimov

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov wayeyindodana wezempi kabani amahlanu amadodana baba amatilosi abavelele: Vice Admiral, umqondisi we-Marine ubusosha Corps, lapho kuwo wonke ayisihlanu wafunda, waba nomfowethu omncane - uSergei. Nokho, nguPawulu ehlanganiswa leli gama nengapheli enkazimulweni. Midshipman, yashayela leyo nkampani ukuze uBrigadier "Phoenix" eDenmark neSweden, bese bekhonza e oLwandle iBaltic. Waba yinduna emkhunjini "Navarino", wazehlukanisa e nokuvinjelwa the iDardanelles (1828) wayephakathi abamukeli oda.

Ngo 1832, wangena ekamelweni indima umlawuli ku-frigate adumile "Pallada", futhi waqhubeka ekhonza khona oLwandle iBaltic ngaphansi Bellingshausen edume. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wathunyelwa Sevastopol, behambise umkhumbi ubuholi komugqa "Silistra", lapho ethola Nakhimov ezayo nanye. Akubuzwa, ukuthi umkhumbi isibe imodeli? The best Navy! Igama Nakhimov baba nsuku zonke ethandwa kakhudlwana: umuntu unzima, kodwa hlobo futhi bejabule wonke ezungeze ongenza imizwa engcono.

Izenzo hero

NeMpi YaseCrimea kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abantu azizimbi lokuhlola nobuntu uPawulu Stepanovich. Ekuqaleni kwempi, ngo-November 1853, Nakhimov ibalwa isitha isigaba, wathumela eCaucasus, kodwa ukufihla kusukela isiphepho Sinop Bay. Ngo Nakhimov ebebanemikhombi eyisishiyagalombili, ngesikhathi u-Osman Pasha - elishumi elinamithandathu. Ukuhlaselwa yaphela Rousseau imikhumbi - kushiwo ngenhla. Ukuze lokhu kunqoba abakhaliphile Vice Admiral Nakhimov etholakele EnguMbusi Order of Saint George, futhi Kornilov wabhala ukuthi impi okwenzeka okwakufana nakho, Cesme ngisho ephakeme, Nakhimov futhi ngaleyo ndlela wangena Russian imikhumbi umlando kuze kube phakade.

Nakhimov Landelayo ngenjabulo wangena azithobe Kornilov ngesikhathi evimbezela Sebastopol, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe wathatha isikhundla umkhuzi webutho. kokuhlaselwa Kujikijelwe kwawona heroically, Nakhimov yinkosi anikezwe umvuzo lo, e ukuthi uPawulu Stepanovich ngolaka wakhononda: "Uzobe kangcono wakhulela amagobolondo da ibhomu!". Ngo-June Nakhimov zazifa cishe endaweni efanayo Malakhov Hill, lapho esasisandulele. Kodwa izwe futhi namuhla uyakhumbula iqhawe lakhe!