Isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni. Azalwa naso futhi wathola isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni

"Isifo senhliziyo ngo ingane" - ngezinye izikhathi la mazwi izwakala isigwebo sentambo. Naye ngempela lesi sifo? Ingabe wesabe kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane is futhi ziphi izindlela okungenza disinfected ngempela?

Sitholakele "isifo senhliziyo" umntwana

Kukhona amacala lapho abantu baphile nomunye izinso, kanye nengxenye yezikhulu isisu, ngaphandle gallbladder. Kodwa cabanga ngomuntu ophila ngaphandle inhliziyo, akunakwenzeka: emva umzimba iyeke ukusebenza imizuzu embalwa emphilweni umzimba inyamalala unomphela. Yingakho sitholakele "isifo senhliziyo" umntwana kuyabethusa abazali.

Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane yezokwelapha, wachaza isifo lihlotshaniswa ukungasebenzi valve inhliziyo, kanye naleso isistimu kancane kancane abasafufusa, futhi isitho uqobo. Le nkinga - yimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuba nesifo senhliziyo, kodwa akuyena yedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amacala lapho isifo eba ngenxa isakhiwo okungafanele:

• izindonga isitho;
• septa inhliziyo;
• izitsha inhliziyo ezinkulu.

Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho kungase kube ukukhubazeka azalwa naso, futhi kungenziwa atholwe phezu esaphila.

Yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso

Uma ingane izalwe nge isici inhliziyo, iyisifo ngokuthi azalwa nako.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi 1% kuphela izingane uvele on izwe yilesi sifo. Kungani yisifo senhliziyo osanda kuzalwa izingane okuvame kangaka? Konke kuncike hlobo luni lokuphila ungunina ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Umbuzo noma cha ingane enempilo, isixazululekile ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ingozi yokuba ingane zinokukhubazeka inhliziyo luyanda kakhulu uma umama okhulelwe kule nkathi:

• ukuphuza utshwala;
• ukubhema;
• wawuchayeke emisebeni;
• Ubizwa abahlushwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amavithamini;
• Ngaqala ukudla izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Uma uqaphela izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ukuze uqale ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, nethuba ukubuyisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza evamile umzimba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwani uma inkinga ibanjiwe ngasekupheleni, isakhiwo imisipha yenhliziyo kwenzeke izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa, futhi kudingeka ahlinzwe esiphuthumayo.

Ngazuza senhliziyo valvular

Ngazuza isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni zivamise ukwenzeka ngenxa ukungasebenzi uhlelo valve. Lokhu inkinga isixazululekile ngu ukuhlinzwa: umphini sokwenziwa kuyasiza phindela ukuphila okumatasa efanayo.

Izimbangela zesifo

Ngazuza ukukhubazeka wenhliziyo ingane kwakhiwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithize.

1. endocarditis Rheumatic. Lesi sifo valve inhliziyo, okuyinto akhiwa kule granulomas stroma. Ngo-75% amacala rheumatoid endocarditis izimbangela zezifo.
2. Ekubhebhetselisa zezinzwa izicubu isifo. Pathologies ezifana lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis nezinye, ngokuvamile akhiqiza yezinkinga ku izinso nenhliziyo.
3. Chest ukulimala. Noma yimuphi amagalelo enamandla endaweni esifubeni awokuthi kungabangela kombungu.
4. Akuphumelelanga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Ngemva kakade wenza imisebenzi inhliziyo, ezifana valvotomy, zikhona izinkinga avuse kombungu.
5. Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Kuyinto isifo esingelapheki kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, izindonga okuyinto isiqala ukwakha zingcwecwe. Isikhathi esining impela, kodwa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi futhi kubangela ushintsho emsebenzini kanye nesakhiwo inhliziyo.

Kusukela kulolu hlu kuyacaca ukuthi uma lakhiwa yisifo senhliziyo yengane, kungaba zahlukahlukene kakhulu izizathu yokuthi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuze uwathole okungenani ukuba welashwe ngokuhlinzwa ebekiwe wayephumelela njengombusi futhi ziphumelela kakhulu.

izimpawu

ukukhubazeka inhliziyo ezinganeni ahambisana izimpawu ezithile ukuba baqaphe futhi nomsindo we-alamu lapho bekukhona nosana.

On eceleni luhlolo wezingane ungezwa abagulayo ingane inhliziyo nokububula. Ngemva kudokotela wabo ukutholakala kufanele aqoke ultrasound. Kodwa sitholakele "isifo senhliziyo" asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi, ngenxa yokukhula izingane obusebenzayo inhliziyo ikhononda - lokhu kuyinto evamile.

Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba izingane buye baba bukhulu kakhulu, njalo ngenyanga banayo ukuze isisindo sakhe sithi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-400 g Uma kungenzeki lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba ngqo uthintane wenhliziyo, ngoba ukuntuleka kwesisindo - omunye izimpawu eyinhloko nezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Ukucobeka nokukhathala wengane futhi uphawu olucacile ngezinkinga zempilo. Uma konke lokhu wanezela iphika, ukwanda kwezinhlekelele ukuzwa uphethwe edabukisayo.

izindlela zocwaningo

Inhliziyo yokulimala izingane, ngenhlanhla sesiyazi, kuyaqabukela ezitholakele isikhathi. Kunezizathu eziningana.

1. Okokuqala, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukusungula ukuthuthukiswa sifo ingane cishe kungenakwenzeka. Uchwepheshe abanolwazi ngesikhathi ultrasound transvaginal ungaqaphela ezinye izinguquko enhliziyweni womntwana, kodwa izifo eziningi kule nkathi azikakabi kubonakala khona. Izigaba ngenhla abesifazane zihlonzwe abasengozini - ngakho nomama abangcono ukuba athathe isinyathelo futhi ubheke leli sonto lama-20 okukhulelwa, ibhekane ultrasound transabdominal.
2. Okwesibili, ngemva kokuzalwa izingane ukufunda ku isifo senhliziyo akufakiwe ohlwini izivivinyo saziso nezivivinyo. Futhi abazali musa ngokwabo isinyathelo ukufeza izinqubo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga.
3. Okwesithathu, izimpawu musa ubonise ngokwabo kusukela ekuqaleni. Futhi ngisho noma ingane izizwa lokho kwenzeka kuye ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, akakwazi ukukuchaza. Abazali bamatasa kakhulu nge imisebenzi yasekhaya yansuku zonke, ukushayela njalo izinyane ukuba kuhlolwe izingxenye ezithile.

Izinsana ngokuvamile ukwenza kuphela electrocardiogram nabanye abaningana bathole ukuhlolwa, lokhu ngokuvamile igcina uphethwe. Nokho, electrocardiogram esemncane enjalo akakwazi ukuthola yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso. Uma ultrasound ukuziphatha, kungenzeka ukuhlonza isifo ngendlela efanele usaqala. Okuningi kuxhomeke amakhono uchwepheshe owenza ultrasound. Kungcono usuphinda emitholampilo eziningana, ikakhulukazi uma kwakukhona izinsolo isici inhliziyo.

lesi sifo

Uma izimpawu yesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni uholé ukuba kwehhovisi likadokotela, futhi uphethwe kwaqinisekiswa - ukuthi asikho isizathu sokuphelelwa ithemba.

Lesi sifo ngaso sonke isikhathi kuholele edabukisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kwehluleka kwesokunxele valve atrioventricular I neyesi-II uvumele abantu ukuba baphile degree of iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-40 ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ngenkathi sigcina ngezinga elithile umsebenzi.

Kodwa uphethwe efanayo, kodwa amamaki III futhi IV, ephelezelwa iphika ku ukuzikhandla, ukuvuvukala wemikhawulo aphansi, izinkinga isibindi, kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi zilekelele esiphuthumayo kuhlinzwa.

uphethwe

Izimpawu yesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni obonwa abazali nodokotela bezingane ungeyena isisekelo uphethwe. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i- nokububula systolic is ebonwe banezingane eziphile kahle, ngakho lapho ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ultrasound.

Kuvele echocardiogram angakwazi ukubhalisa izimpawu inhliziyo kwesokunxele ventricular sindisa. Kungase adinga ezengeziwe X-reyi yesifuba, okuzoba izinguquko ebonakalayo hhayi kuphela inhliziyo, kodwa futhi izimpawu ukuphambuka we emphinjeni. Ungabese abe nezwi lokugcina, ingane egulayo noma unempilo.

Ngeshwa, ECG akakwazi ukusiza sitholakele isifo senhliziyo kusaqalwa: izinguquko ECG lubonakale lapho isifo isivele ngenkuthalo ethuthuka.

ukwelashwa yesifo senhliziyo ngokuphindwe izindlela olandelanayo

izimpawu Kuqinisekisiwe yesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni - ke kuba yisikhathi ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze ugweme izinguquko engelapheki emzimbeni.

Odokotela musa njalo ukuzelapha ngezindlela kuhlinzwa - abanye ukuhlinzwa kweziguli kungadingeki, okungenani kuze kube isikhathi esithile. Yini edingekayo ngempela kuyinto zokuvimbela lesi sifo, eyavusa lesi sifo phambi kwethu.

Uma Kutholwe isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni, yokwelapha ihilela imodi afanele ngosuku. Ngakho qiniseka ukugcina izingane asebenzayo futhi yokuphila yeselula, ephelezelwa nokuvivinya umzimba ngendlela elinganiselayo. Kodwa ukukhathala - ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo - is ngokuphelele contraindicated. Kufanele sigweme nemidlalo nolaka futhi laba nzima, kodwa kuyoba ukuhamba ewusizo, ukushushuluza noma ngebhayisikili njalo njalo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi kudingeka yokwelapha izidakamizwa ukusiza ukuqeda yokumelwa yinhliziyo. Ukudla Ubuye indima ebalulekile nokwelashwa kwezifo kungakephuzi.

Ukwelashwa lesi sifo izindlela zokusebenza

Uma kutholwa isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni, ukuhlinzwa Kuphoqelekile esiyakuqokwa, esimweni ezigabeni yokugcina isifo, okungadingi ukubhekana imithi kanye nokudla ukudla okunempilo.

Nge kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, impatho kuhlinzwa ibisitholakala hhayi kuphela izingane kusukela ngonyaka owodwa, kodwa ngisho nezinsana. Lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo atholwe isifo senhliziyo, iwumgomo oyinhloko ukuhlinzwa - ukugcina umthamo siqu inhliziyo valve zawo ezingabantu ukusebenza. Endabeni ukukhubazeka azalwa naso noma ukukhubazeka ezingenziwanga ngaphansi ukulungiswa okudingekayo valve zokufakelwa. Sokwenziwa zingenziwa izinto mechanical noma ezingamagciwane. Empeleni, kusukela kule kuncike izindleko nokusebenza.

Ukusebenza wenziwa Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwenhliziyo ngaphandle nge dlula cardiopulmonary. Ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa eside kangaka, kodwa udinga isineke, futhi okubaluleke - ukunakwa isiguli kancane.

ukuhlinza ngaphandle kwegazi

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ngenxa isimo sempilo akuyona yonke uhlangabezana kokuhlinzwa inhliziyo enjalo. Futhi leli qiniso kucindezela nososayensi bezokwelapha, ngakho eminyakeni baye babheka izindlela ukwandisa izinga sokusinda iziguli. Ekugcineni, kwaba khona inqubo enjalo kuhlinzwa njengendlela "ukuhlinza ngaphandle kwegazi."

Ukusebenza lokuqala, ngaphandle esifubeni sebeziqhumbuza, akukho nommese futhi cishe akukho igazi ubelokhu eqashelwa ngempumelelo eRussia ngo-2009 uprofesa Russian futhi umlingani wakhe French. Isiguli kubhekwa ogulela ukufa, njengoba stenosis of valve yomthambo i-aorta abonakaliswe. Le valve yenza okufanele indawo, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, amathuba ukuthi isiguli bayosinda, wayengekho eliphezulu kakhulu.

Amazinyo okufakelwa enziwe nesineke sangena aorta ngaphandle esifubeni sebeziqhumbuza (ngokusebenzisa wokubhoboza ethangeni). Khona-ke, nge umphini ipayipi iqondiswe ohlangothini oyifunayo - inhliziyo. A sokwenziwa bumbela ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile evumela ukwethulwa roll ibe tube, kodwa uma singena aorta, it phendla lingakanani evamile. Lokho imisebenzi enjalo anconywe abantu yokuguga futhi ezinye izingane abangakwazi ukudlulisa ukuhlinzwa ngokugcwele.

nokuvuselelwa

Ukuvuselelwa senhliziyo ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana.

Eyokuqala Uthatha izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi umuntu oqeqeshiwe nokuvuselelwa umzimba ezikhethekile, okunomsoco ichaza izimiso ezintsha umsoco wenhliziyo ligubha ushintsho oluhle emzimbeni, wezifo kuyasiza ukuzivumelanisa nezimo omusha ophilayo.

Central ohlelweni kunikezwa imisebenzi efanele ngokomzimba, njengoba kubalulekile ukugcina isesimweni esihle, hhayi kuphela imisipha yenhliziyo, kodwa izitsha inhliziyo. Ukuvivinya umzimba kusiza ukulawula igazi cholesterol, umfutho wegazi, futhi usiza ukuqeda isisindo okweqile.

Eqhubeka walala kanye iphimbo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa - eziyingozi. Inhliziyo kumele ukujwayela ijubane evamile yokuphila, futhi ukuze ngifeze lokhu ke kusiza kwethweswa iziqu umsebenzi: ukuhamba, ukugijima, umsebenzi emabhayisikili, ukubhukuda, uhamba. Contraindicated basketball, volleyball, kanye izinsimbi khulula.