Isifingqo "Kalevala". Karelian-Finnish inkondlo yeqhawe

Epic - a wetinhlobo letihlukene tembhalo, ezifana ezizimele njengoba izinkondlo idrama ucoca eside esidlule. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ivolumu eside welulela ngesikhathi nendawo futhi engenakulibaleka kakhulu. "Kalevala" - Karelian-Finnish izinkondlo yeqhawe. Ukuze amahlanu Folk songs (Runes) sung Amaqhawe "Kalevala". isisekelo zomlando kulezi iculo ayitholakali. adventure namaqhawe kukhona uhlamvu luyingxenye fabulous. indaba Single, njengoba kule "Iliad" amaqhawe, futhi, ine hhayi, kodwa isifinyezo sezinto "Kalevala" izokwethulwa lapha.

temdzabu Icubungula

Karelian Folk yeqhawe waqala ukucubungula nokuqopha kuphela yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Adume udokotela Finnish futhi sezilimi Elias Lonnrot iye lokuqoqa izinguqulo ezihlukene iculo amaqhawe, okwenza ukukhethwa, uzama uhlela ukuba uxhumanise izingxenye ngabanye komunye nomunye. Uhlelo lokuqala "Kalevala" esanyatheliswa ngo-1835, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba cishe eyishumi nanhlanu - yesibili. On the Russian ulimi Finnish yeqhawe washintshelwa ngo-1888 eyanyatheliswa kuyi "onkulunkulu ka nezincwadi zokufunda" imbongi L. P. Belskim. umbono womphakathi sasifana nokuthi "Kalevala" ngazwilinye - izincwadi umthombo ehlanzekile ulwazi olusha mayelana imibono engokwenkolo asenesikhathi kobuKrestu yobuhlanga Karelian Finns.

Igama nendumezulu wazinikela Lönnrot. Kalevala - kwaba igama lezwe lapho uhlala futhi enze imigilingwane ye amaqhawe esizwe. Kuphela igama lezwe kancane emifushane - Kaleva, ngoba Isijobelelo la ulimi limelela nje okusha abahlala Kaleva. Kulapho Abantu bathoma ukwakha amaqhawe abo: Väinämöinen, Ilmarinen, Lemminkäinen - womathathu ayehlatshelelwa njengoba amadodana ka zwe elibusisekile.

Ukwakheka nendumezulu

Inkondlo Runes amahlanu kumiswa ezihlukahlukene iculo ngabanye - kwakukhona lyrical futhi amaqhawe, ngisho okuqukethwe imilingo. Lönnrot eqoshiwe kakhulu ngokuqondile umlomo nabalimi abancane, futhi abanye kakade iqoshwe ngu abaqoqi temdzabu. Kuhle imiphetho ingoma abekade Karelia Russian e sifundazwe Olonets futhi iphela Arkhangelsk, phezu lweLake Ladoga kanye Finnish Karelia, kukhona imemori abantu baqhubeka kakhulu impela.

Rune akazange sikhombise ezingokoqobo emlandweni, iyiphi impi nezinye izizwe, lapho is hhayi kubonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayiboniswa noma abantu, noma umphakathi noma isimo, kokubili epics Russian. I Runes zonke libuswa umkhaya, futhi ngisho nezibopho zemikhaya musa imigomo Knights ngokuphila kwakhe.

Knights

Izinkolelo wobuqaba wasendulo Karels ukunikeza namaqhawe amaqhawe, amandla hhayi kuphela hhayi kakhulu amandla ayo amaningi imilingo, ikhono inkatho ngeziphonso, ukuze uqale ukukhuluma, Siwohloza zobuciko imilingo. Amaqhawe nesiphiwo lycanthropy angahlubula ubani ku yini, ukuthatha uhambo, kweso ezihambayo ngasiphi ibanga, futhi ukulawula isimo sezulu kanye izenzakalo ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ngisho isifinyezo sezinto "Kalevala" ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izenzakalo fabulous.

Songs of nendumezulu Karelian-Finnish, ahlukahlukene, futhi uvumelane nabo zibe icebo olulodwa engenakwenzeka. I "Kalevala", njengabanye epics eziningi, selokhu kwasekelwa umhlaba. Kubonakala ilanga, izinkanyezi, inyanga, ilanga umhlaba. umoya indodakazi sizala Väinämöinen, kuyoba protagonist amaqhawe, okuzokwenza ukuhlomisa ezweni futhi ukuhlwanyela ibhali. Phakathi ukuzidela Ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene hero kwenzeka nokuthi okungase ufanelekele zamehlo oluyinhloko, nakuba ngesakhiwo filamentous.

isikebhe emangalisayo

Väinämöinen ihlangabezana ngengozi ne Virgin of the North, enhle njengoba ngosuku. Ekuphenduleni isiphakamiso ezoshada naye, uyavuma ngombandela wokuthi hero izingcezwana uthi lokuphotha ngeke ukwakha isikebhe magic ngoba wakhe. iqhawe Inspired ngentshiseko isethwe ukuthi isebenze, ukuthi ngembazo akakwazanga ukumelana kwalimala yena. Igazi akusho kushwelezwe, kwadingeka uvakashele izangoma. Ulandisa ngendlela kwakukhona yensimbi.

izangoma kwakusiza, kodwa hero is hhayi wabuya. Wasephakamisa siphonso kakhokho wakhe, umoya, othatha izinhlayiyana wayethole futhi wanikeza okunekhono kakhulu smith - Ilmarinen e Poholu, enyakatho yezwe. Umuntu osebenza ngensimbi kokuzihlanganisa walalela kuya eNyakatho ye-Virgin magic isigayo ka Sampo, kuletha injabulo nengcebo. Lezi zenzakalo zihlanganisa Runes zokuqala eziyishumi yeqhawe.

ukuvukela umbuso

Esikhathini Rune nanye has a umlingiswa omusha nobuqhawe - Lemminkäinen, displacing ngokuphelele izenzakalo yangaphambili iculo. Lokhu iqhawe empini, umlumbi yangempela futhi umthandi olukhulu abesifazane. Ngenisa abafundi ukuba hero entsha, indaba wabuya Vyaynyamoynenu. Lokho nje akudingeki isikhathi eside kunabo abathandi umsubathi kusiza: ngisho esihogweni wehla, wazivumela ukuba kugwinywe giant Viipunenu, kodwa namanje got amazwi magic eyayidingeka ukuze ukwakha izikebhe we lokuphotha lapho ayeya Poholu ukushada.

Hhayi kancane ngakho. North Maiden ngesikhathi engekho iqhawe kwadingeka isikhathi ukuthandana nalo ngobuciko smith Ilmarinen ngashada nayo, ngokwenqaba afeze izwi lakhe inikezwe Vyaynyamoynenu. Ziningi futhi likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe hhayi kuphela lomshado, nazo zonke namasiko awo kanye namasiko, kukhona ngisho izingoma ayehlatshelelwa khona, ukuchaza Kumsebenzi nesibopho umyeni kumkayo, nenkosikazi kumyeni wakhe. It iphela lo mugqa indaba kuphela ingoma amabili nanhlanu. Ngeshwa, kuba isifinyezo sezinto "Kalevala" hhayi kuphela ophethe imininingwane abathandekayo, futhi eziningi zalezi izahluko.

indaba edabukisayo

Okulandelayo Runes eziyisithupha zisitshele swashbuckling ukuzidela Lemminkäinen onqenqemeni enyakatho - ku Pohole, lapho kukhona North, akuyona kuphela hhayi intombi, kodwa umoya owaphukileyo, uhlamvu engenamusa, elinobugovu nelishisekela acquisitive. On the Rune amathathu nanye iqala omunye angena kakhulu futhi izinkanuko ngokujulile tindzaba letimfisha, omunye ezithathela izingxenye ezingcono kakhulu wonke amaqhawe.

Ukuze iculo ezinhlanu ekutshela isiphetho esidabukisayo iqhawe emangalisayo Kullervo, ngubani bengazi yayenga udadewabo. Lapho sonke isimo wembula emachawe hero yena, nodadewabo kwathinta ayikwazanga isono svershonny futhi wafa. Lena indaba adabuke kakhulu, ebhaliwe (futhi cishe elihunyushwa ngayo) elicwengisiswe, engena, ngomuzwa olukhulu uzwela isiphetho izinhlamvu ngakho ukulahlwa okukhulu. Epic "Kalevala" unikeza omningi izigcawu lapho uthando Ihlatshelelelwa kubazali, izingane, ukuze umama nemvelo.

impi

I Runes okulandelayo okuchaza indlela ukuhlanganisa namaqhawe ezintathu (kuhlanganise wensimbi ezineshwa) ukuze asuse okubi North intombi magic amagugu - Sampo. Heroes "Kalevala" akazange adikibale. Lapha, impi ngeke kuxazulule lutho, futhi kwanqunywa, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuze iphendukele ubuthakathi. Väinämöinen, njengoba guslar yethu Novgorod Sadko, wazakhela insimbi yomculo - kantele, okungenazinkinga umdlalo imvelo kanye lasenza zonke northerners. Ngakho amaqhawe umyknuli Sampo.

North Omuny uyiphishekele futhi ukwakha kwamaqhinga zabo kuze wawa Sampo olwandle. Uthumela ku-Kalev silo, ulwandle, zonke izinhlobo izinhlekelele, njengoba Väinämöinen, Okwamanje, kwenziwa ithuluzi elisha, okuyinto wadlala nakakhulu imilingo kuka wabuyisela intshontshiwe Poholy ukhukhuva ilanga nenyanga. Sithathe izingcezu Sampo, hero izinto eziningi ezinhle kwenziwa abantu wezwe lakhe, ngokwakhe eziningi izenzo ezinhle. Kukhona ngempela adventure ngokuhlanganyela eside Gere cishe ezintathu imikhawulo "Kalevala". Phindza usho le ndaba Awukwazi ukufaka ukufunda umsebenzi, ke ilethe abaculi abaningi ukudala imisebenzi emikhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba ufunde yonke indlela ukuthola kuyinjabulo yangempela.

Ingane saphezulu

Ngakho amaqhawe wafika lokugcina uboya babo, ongokomfanekiso kakhulu. Kucishe-Apocrypha ngokuba nokuzalwa koMsindisi. Maid of Kaleva - Marjatta - wabeletha indodana saphezulu ngokuyisimangaliso. Väinämöinen ngisho esabe kwamandla owawunesihloko ingane amasonto amabili, futhi welulekwa ukuba bambulale ngokushesha. On usana iqhawe ngaba namahloni, chiding zokungabi nabulungisa. Hero ezikhishwayo. Ekugcineni ahlabelela ingoma magic, wangena Shuttle emangalisayo washiya Karelia nokuningi njengabawufanelekele anamandla. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka nendumezulu "Kalevala".

Izibuyekezo

Indwangu esankondlo "Kalevala" ayinazo ngentambo olulodwa ngokuxhumanisa zonke iziqephu kwelinye. Nakuba, ngokubona, ezincwadini ke uye wafuna futhi siyaqhubeka sifuna njalo. Kukhona nemibono ehlukahlukene. E. Aspelin wathola ukuthi lo mbono we ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka emazweni enyakatho. Lönnrot, ngalendoda of amaqhawe, babekholelwa ukuthi la ubufakazi elicwengwé wasithatha enyakatho emazweni Finnish eziphikelelayo Karelia. Futhi ngempela - Kaleva iwine, amaqhawe uphathe ukuze nginqobe Poholu. Nokho, imicabango yabantu abaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akuhambisani sihluke nomunye. Ngisho isifinyezo sezinto "Kalevala" angakunika umqondo yobukhulu nendumezulu kazwelonke.