Isidingo imali futhi babanike

Isidingo imali - yisidingo yisiphi isamba esithile semali. Okunqumayo ukuthi bangaki ezibonakalayo wenkampani futhi ufisa ukugcina labantu e amasheke kanye imali.

Isidingo imali - lena Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo emakethe. Singacabanga izindlela ezimbili ezichaza ke:

- Classic (monetarist);

- Keynesian.

Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa zakudala inquma ukufunwa imali supply kusukela isikhundla ezothando: PV = CF, kuyilapho M - ukheshe e lasakazwa - izinga lapho nokusakazwa imali, P - intengo Inkomba, babe - ubukhulu nkinga. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ijubane kuyinto njalo. Lapho sicabangela isimo esikhathini eside, yebo, zingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, uma e kwamabhange, ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Kusukela zibalo ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi supply imali incike Dynamics GDP noma RC. Uma leli nani luyanda onyakeni ngu-3%, ukufunwa imali kuzokwanda esilinganayo. Ngakho, umsebenzi funa izimali kuyinto okuzinzile.

Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke emakethe, kanye nezidingo kukhona labo alungele ukuhlangabezana nabo. supply imali eyanele uzinze, incike izinqumo uhulumeni. Kodwa ngokuvumelana theory zasendulo GDP yangempela noma Y, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kancane kokushintsha. A indima ebalulekile udlalwa okuthonywa nayizimo zokukhiqiza, avame esitebeleni sasivumela esikhathini esifushane. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho supply imali sibukeka kungakapheli unyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kulolu hlu has nomthelela obalulekile ezingeni intengo futhi cishe akukho nomthelela umsebenzi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa emnothweni eliye labizwa phezu kwazo ukungathathi hlangothi yemali. umthetho Monetarist ngokucacile ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele silwele ukulondoloza ijubane imali supply ukukhula ezingeni GDP. Khona-ke ubaphe ukuze banelise izidingo kanye nomnotho kuyoba amanani ezinzile.

ithiyori quantitative ichaza ezimbili isisusa imali funa. Esokuqala siwukuthi izinkampani abantu badinga imali, kusukela sikhulumela ithuluzi yesondlo. Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla noma amasevisi senzeka ikakhulukazi in exchange of them for imali yamaphepha kanye zemali. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile, umthengi kanye nokusetshenziswa umdayisi enana - ngempahla (amasevisi) komunye umkhiqizo (isevisi). Isidingo imali ukuthenga wabhekisela ukufunwa imali zokukhokhelwa. Cabangela izici eziningana ezithinta ke:

- ivolumu kwezimpahla okwamanje emakethe;

- lizinga izintengo izimpahla namasevisi;

- Isivinini lemali ukuzungeza ;

- imali kazwelonke.

Kodwa omkhulu ithonya Iholo elingakanani: M = Ufakt. Lapho M - iyona ukufunwa imali, Ufakt. - imali kazwelonke.

Imbangela lemali funa yesibili elihlobene ne ukuthengwa ngokuqapha. It kuvela ngokuqondene yokuthi abantu ngokuvamile kufanele ubhekane izinkokhelo ukuthi babengakwazi ngaphambilini bazicabange. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube okungenani inqolobane encane yemali. Imali ngokufunwa, ngokuvumelana ifomula ngenhla, ngokuqondile wakhona ingeniso kazwelonke.

Bobabili isisusa imali yokufunwa akezi incike inani lenzalo. Eshadini emgqeni funa libukeka emgceni locondzile, elise thwi.

. J. Keynes ezikhonjwe ngesisusa wesithathu ebambe imali - zokucabangela. Libonisa ukuthi uma imali ukuba bayilinde indlu, umnikazi wabo ilahlekelwa inzuzo ezingaba khona. Okusho ukuthi, imali kungenzeka iyitshalwa kancane liquid amafa, kodwa oholela kangcono. Ifomula libukeka funa: M = Ifakt. Lapha Ifakt. - lizinga zenzalo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi nemingcele ngokuqondile ezilinganiselwe. Ngesimo sokuqhafaza zokucabangela funa umugqa simele ijika nge eyehlelayo ezimbi.

Control supply imali kuleli zwe nge-Central Bank. Kuyadingeka ukuthi amandla okuthenga imali bekulokhu ezingeni ozinzile.