Isakhiwo iseli isitshalo

Isakhiwo iseli plant kancane ezahlukene kusukela izakhiwo amaselula besikhumba saleso silwane. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa indlela yokuphila ngendlela eyingqayizivele indlela izitshalo amandla - okumbalwa bonke eziphilayo yemifino kukhona autotrophs, futhi labo abazokwazi ukwakha yabo udaba eziphilayo kusuka wezinto ezingaphili. Ezimweni eziningi izakhi organic akhiwa-photosynthesis. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ethakwa kuphela umoya-mpilo ovela eceleni ukusabela photosynthesis.

Iseli isitshalo: isakhiwo igobolondo

Ukuba okuqinile cell udonga - lokhu ingenye izici plant cells. Ngakho-ke cabangela isakhiwo plant cells kuyadingeka nale ngxenye. Lesi sakhiwo kudala Ukuvikelwa mechanical emhlabeni protoplast. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonga uhlobo umthombo ion, futhi isithiyo elwa namagciwane. Thina igobolondo eyinhloko kuphela kumiswa kungabonakala nasemkhakheni amaseli abasha. Izingxenye ezisemqoka isakhiwo kukhona zesivikelo sesifuba i-cellulose, hemicellulose futhi pectin. Ngokuqondene ukujiya, e zinhlobo ezahlukene, lesi sibalo kuzohluka.

Ngo inqubo ebalulekile cell odongeni kungase ukushwaqa. nemayunivesithi udonga ukwakhiwa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izingqimba ngokulandelana ukuze igobolondo eyinhloko. Kaningi, kukhona sebethule lignin noma suberin e izimbotshana phakathi cellulose Imicu yotshani - ngakho iseli ngete takhula noma ukwandisa.

Isakhiwo iseli isitshalo: izici eziyisisekelo protoplast

iseli Protoplast siqukethe i-nucleus, le cytoplasm, nezinye organelles. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi organelles cell zingahlukaniswa zibe ulwelwesi kanye non-ulwelwesi.

I cytoplasm uhlelo multicomponent lapho kunezinyathelo eziyisisekelo umzimba nezokuthutha. I cytoplasm iqukethe ikhemikhali microfilament inethiwekhi - amaprotheni mncane lunemicu ezibangela ukuhamba izakhiwo. Lapha kukhona microtubules futhi centrioles, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga okuyinto e mitotic cell division.

Elinye iqembu organelles ezibalulekile - a ribosome, okuyinto isakhiwo okungezona ulwelwesi. ribosome ngasinye siqukethe subunits ezincane nezinkulu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi organelles kukhona akukho okunye ngaphandle eziyinkimbinkimbi amaprotheni izakhi kanye RNA ethize ribosomal. izakhiwo ezinjalo zinengxenye amaprotheni zamagama.

Isakhiwo isitshalo amaseli: kwebalingisi of ulwelwesi organelles

Iningi izingxenye iseli isitshalo siqukethe ulwelwesi.

Core - encane inhlangano eyindilinga noma side ehlanganisa nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromatin kanye imvilophi zenuzi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-nucleus - ukudluliswa kolwazi zofuzo, futhi i-RNA zamagama.

reticulum Endoplasmic uhlelo yemiselekazi tanks. Kube EPS luyimbudumbudu (ubuso bayo embozwe ribosomes) kanye EPS bushelelezi. Inhloso yalolu organelle wehlukile kakhulu. Ingabe kwemiqondo ku izingxenye ribosomes amaprotheni, bese wahlolwa ukuguqulwa kakade EPS amathangi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo obhekene ukuthuthwa izinto.

Vacuole - isakhiwo ulwelwesi equkethe cell ubisi. Lokhu organelle igcina ibhalansi osmotic futhi inikeza turgor cell. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi vacuole eqoqwe izinto ezingadingekile ukuthi ke nge kumiswa Bubbles ukhiphe ngaphandle. Ngezinye izikhathi kuseli ubisi ziyoncibilika izinto esikhundleni ewusizo.

Plastids - iyingxenye ebalulekile iseli isitshalo. Ezimweni eziningi, tiniketwe chloroplast. Plastids aqukethe amagobolondo ezimbili, protrusion kwangaphakathi ukwakha - thylakoids. Iqukethe zombala ukukhanya-sensitive. Kungenxa chloroplast wenza izinqubo ezibalulekile-photosynthesis.

I organelles isitshalo cell unezinye - kuyinto mitochondria (obhekene kwezimila yeselula), Golgi apharathasi (inikeza ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba kanye ezokuthutha izinto ngaphakathi amaseli).

Nokho, izici eziyinhloko isakhiwo isitshalo cell ebonakalayo - enendawo cell odongeni, vacuole futhi plastids uhlelo strong.