Iqhawe kazwelonke izizwe Caucasian Imam Shamil (Biography)

Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke amaqhawe esizwe ezizwe Caucasian iyona Imam Shamil. Biography of the indoda kuholela esiphethweni ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe kwakugcwele ematfuba acijile izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo. Iminyaka eminingi wayenesifo ephethwe kwavukelwa ngokumelene abantu entabeni Empire Russian futhi manje iwuphawu inkululeko nokuvukela eCaucasus. Biography Imam Shamil uzobe ichazwe kafushane kule isibuyekezo.

Umsuka wegama iqhawe

Ngaphandle komlando umndeni ngeke kutholakale ngokugcwele ekuqondeni biography of Imam Shamil. Isifinyezo umlando lolu hlobo uhlamvu sizozama fingqa ngezansi.

Shamil wayevela lasendulo kunalokho futhi elikhazimulayo we Avar futhi Kumyk umndeni esihle. Ukhokho hero-Kumyk Amir Khan wajabulela udumo nangenhlonipho kusukela esizwe nabo. Shamil Ali Umkhulu nobaba Dengav-Magomed babe Uzdenov ukuthi kuyinto analog abakhulu eRussia, okusho ukuthi kwakungekaNkulunkulu ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Dengav-Magomed kwaba umkhandi wensimbi, kanye umsebenzi kubhekwa bezintaba ohloniphekile kakhulu.

Umama Shamil ngokuthi Bach-Meseda. Yayiyindodakazi we Avar yizicukuthwane Bey Pier Budach. Lokho kokubili zoyise kwabakhulelwe, ayenakho okhokho zasebukhosini. It ibikwe biography of umuntu odumile, njengoba Imam Shamil (Biography). namaqhawe National azikaqondakali ngokugcwele. Thembeke kuphela yazini ukuthi kummeleli Dagestan bezintaba. Sekutholakele ukuthi agelezé igazi Avar emithanjeni yakhe. Kodwa singasho ngezinga elithile okungenzeka, ukuthi yena waba nguyise Kumyk.

Ukuzalwa Shamil

Biography Imam Shamil Yiqiniso, iqala usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Juni 1797 endaweni ezigodini Gimry ingozi. Lo muzi manje etholakala ezifundeni entshonalanga ye-Republic of Dagestan.

Ekuqaleni umfana yaqanjwa umkhulu ozala - Ali. Kodwa ngokushesha wagula, futhi ingane, ngokuvumelana namasiko ukuze kuvikelwe emimoyeni emibi, igama washintsha ukuze Shamil. Kuyinto okufana igama kweBhayibheli kukaSamuweli, ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "uNkulunkulu asizwe." Igama efanayo uninalume.

Ebuntwaneni nemfundo

Ngiseyingane, Shamil kwaba umfana ngempela eziyisikhombisa ezimathambo futhi bexhwalile. Kodwa ekugcineni ngakhulisa izinsizwa Akumangalisi ngiphilile futhi nginamandla.

Selokhu ebuntwaneni waqala ukuthatha isimo uhlamvu ikusasa umholi kuvukela. Wayengumuntu eziyibonayo, umfana ephapheme ngohlamvu uyaziqhenya, inkani futhi acindezele. Omunye izici Shamil Isibindi engakaze ibonwe. Abaqeqeshelwe izikhali, waqala ingane isencane.

Ngingu kakhulu sensitive isimo sengqondo zenkolo Imam Shamil. Biography of lo muntu kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa yenkolo. Uthisha wokuqala Shamil kwakungu umngane wakhe Adil Muhammad. Eminyakeni nambili, waba abaqeqeshelwé Untsukul eholwa Jamaluddin Kazikumukh. Wabe esezwa lolimi, ekukhulumeni logic, wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo, Arabic, ifilosofi, ukuthi lezi zizwe entabeni engxenyeni yokuqala ka-XIX leminyaka kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu imfundo.

impi Caucasian

eduze kakhulu ezihlobene empini Caucasian empilweni iqhawe lethu, futhi lokhu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukhuluma biography of Shamil. Chaza kafushane le empini phakathi abantu entabeni kanye Russian umbuso kuwufanele kule isibuyekezo.

ukungqubuzana Military phakathi bezintaba of eCaucasus kanye Russian Empire waqala esikhathini uCatherine II, lapho kwakukhona impi Russian-Turkish (1787-1791 GG.). Khona-ke le Highlanders, eholwa Sheikh Mansour efuna ukuvimbela ukukhuthazwa kanye nokuqinisa Russia eCaucasus, sibambe ngosizo co-benkolo yakhe yoMbuso WaseTurkey. Kodwa-Turks abalahlekelwe kule mpi, futhi Sheikh Mansur lathunjwa. Ngemva kwalokho Tsarist Russia waqhubeka wanda khona layo eCaucasus, ukuhlukumeza bendawo.

Eqinisweni, ukumelana sezizwe zakwa entabeni futhi akazange ayeke emva ukuthula Russian nge abaseTurkey, kodwa amabutho ezikhethekile eliphikisayo safinyelela emva ukuqokwa kwe Jikelele Alekseya Ermolova umkhuzi eCaucasus futhi ukuphothulwa impi Russian-Persian ka 1804-1813. Yermolov wazama unomphela ukuxazulula inkinga yokumelana bendawo ngenkani, okwaholela ngo-1817 kuya impi full-scale, eyathatha cishe engu-50 edlule.

Naphezu lokulwa kunalokho ngesihluku, amabutho Russian eziqhutshwa ngempela ngempumelelo, ukubeka ukulawula zonke izindawo ezinkulu eCaucasus and subordinating izizwe ezintsha. Kodwa ngo-1827, i-emperor wakhumbula Jikelele Yermolov, zokusola kokuba ihlangane ne-Decembrists, futhi esikhundleni sakhe wathunyelwa Jikelele Ivan Paskevich.

Ukuvela Imamate

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, emzabalazweni kanye nokuqala Empire Russian waqala sokuhlanganiswa izizwe Caucasian. Isifunda imbozwe omunye imisinga of US Islam - Muridism, umcondvo lobalulekile okwakunzima jihad (impi engcwele) ngokumelene infidels.

Omunye wabashumayeli main isifundiso esisha kwaba isazi semfundiso yenkolo Ghazi Muhammad owayevela emzaneni efanayo Shamil. Ekupheleni 1828 emhlanganweni abadala besizwe Eastern eCaucasus Ghazi Muhammad ezamenyezelwa imam. Ngakho, waba de empeleni waba inhloko mbuso omusha - Imamate Caucasian - futhi umholi we ukuvukela uMbuso Russian. Ngokushesha ngemva kwemukelwa isihloko Imam Ghazi Muhammad wamemezela impi engcwele, yalahla iRussia.

Manje izizwe Caucasian abangu obumbene yaba ibutho olulodwa, futhi izenzo zawo ngiye ngazuza eyingozi kakhulu amabutho isiRashiya, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi yayimincane lempi ubuholi isipho Paskevich namanje ithalente phansi kunabaphostoli Yermolov. Kwagqashuka impi ngomfutho ovuselelwe. Zisuka nje, ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo impi futhi wathatha Shamil, eba ngomunye wabaholi nabasizi Ghazi Muhammad. Baphenduka balwa silinganisene ihlombe nehlombe Empini Gimry e 1832 ngoba edolobhaneni lwabo lwendabuko. Abavukeli zagcwala phama amasosha wobukhosi inqaba, okuyinto yawela phezu 18 Okthoba. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa wabulawa Imam Ghazi Muhammad Shamil naphezu kokulimala, wakwazi ukugqashula aphume encirclement, ngemva ukugawulwa wamasosha ambalwa Russian.

New Imam baba Gamzat Beg. Lokhu kukhetha ukuthi isuke ibangelwa yokuthi Shamil ngesikhathi, walimala kakhulu. Kodwa Gamzat Bey imam wahlala iminyaka engaphansi kwemibili futhi wabulawa umzabalazo olunegazi nge sezizwe zakwa Avar.

Ukhetho imam

Ngakho, ikhandidethi esiyinhloko sifeze indima yokuba inhloko saseNyakatho-zaseCaucasia baba Shamil. Wakhethwa ukuba umphakathi nezigele ngasekupheleni 1834. Futhi ngaphambi kokuphila kwakhe wayaziwa hhayi kuphela njengoba Imam Shamil. Biography (lemifisha intshumayelo yethu, kodwa ocebile kakhulu eqinisweni) wokubusa kwakhe zizonikezwa yithi ngezansi.

Lokho ukhetho kwaphawula ukuqala imam Usuqhubekile ebalulekile empilweni Shamil.

Ukulwisana uMbuso Russian

Zonke amabutho ezibekwe phezu kwawo, ukuze alwe namabutho Russian abaphumelela, Imam Shamil. Umlando wakhe ofunda ngokuphelele ukuthi Sia umgomo zacishe yinto esemqoka ekuphileni kwakhe.

Kulesi emzabalazweni, Shamil yabonisa eside amakhono ezempi kanye yenhlangano, wakwazi ukugxilisa amasosha ithemba ngukunqoba, musa enze izinqumo ngokuxhamazela. Ikhwalithi yokugcina zihlukaniswa ke kusukela Imams odlule. Lezi zimo zokuma avunyelwe Shamil baye bamelana ngokuphumelelayo elikhulu anda kuka ibutho laso Russian.

isilawuli Imamat lapho Shamil

Ngaphezu kwalokho, besebenzisa Islam njengoba ucezu ze, Imam Shamil wakwazi hlanganani izizwe zakwa Chechnya naseDagestan. Uma amandulela inyunyana izizwe ezizwe Caucasian kwaba ngempela okubi, khona-ke nge obhekwe Shamil wathola zonke izici wekuba sive.

Njengoba umthetho wethula Islamic Sharia umthetho esikhundleni lasendulo canons Highlanders (adat).

Imamate Caucasian lahlukaniswa laba izifunda, eliholwa Imam Shamil ukubeka naibs. Ingemuva ke ligcwele izibonelo yokuzama ezifana esiphezulu ekuphathweni eyodwa. amandla wamajaji esifundeni ngasinye ophethe Mufti, ubani ongimise iQadi amajaji.

ekuthunjweni

Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu yokubusa kuqhathaniswa yimpumelelo eNorth Caucasus Imam Shamil. Biography, ngcaphuno emfushane lapho zizobekwa ngezansi, ebonisa ukuthi 1859 kwaba inkathi yoshintsho ekuphileni kwakhe.

Ngemva kokuphela iMpi YaseCrimea nesokuphela kwalesi Ukuthula Paris kwaqina imisebenzi eCaucasus, amabutho aseRussia. Against Shamil uMbusi ephosa izinduna abanolwazi - okuvamile Muraviev futhi Bariatinskii, okuyinto ngo-Ephreli 1859 waphumelela ekuthumbeni inhloko-dolobha Imamate. Ngo-June 1859 iqembu lokugcina sihlubuki eziye zacindezelwa noma axoshwe Chechnya.

yavelonkhe yenkhululeko Kwagqashuka phakathi Adygei futhi zayiswa Dagestan, ayekuyo yena Shamil. Kodwa ngo-August, iqembu lakhe wavimbezela amasosha Russian. Njengoba amabutho engalingani, Shamil waphoqeleka ukuba lidele, siqala ngokuya ohloniphekile kakhulu.

In ekuthunjweni

Yini usitshele kwesikhathi lapho isiboshwa kwaba Imam Shamil, biography? Umlando Omfushane lokhu umuntu engazazi zisidedisele wei izithombe zokuphila kwakhe, kodwa kuzovumela ukwenza okungenani iphrofayela anolaka ngokwengqondo yomuntu.

Ngo-September 1859 imam wahlangana kuyo okokuqala nabahloli Russian uMbusi u-Alexander II. Kwathi Chuguev. Ngokushesha Shamil wayiswa eMoscow, lapho ahlangana khona kanye edume Jikelele Yermolov. Ngo-September, Imam walethwa dolobha yoMbuso Russian, okuyinto wethulwa iNdlovukazi. Njengoba singabona, kumholi kwavukelwa esigodlweni iphathwa abaqotho kakhulu.

Ngokushesha Shamil nomkhaya wakhe wabelwa endaweni ehlala njalo yokuhlala - emzini Kaluga. Ngo 1861 kwaba khona umhlangano wesibili nombusi. Ngalesi sikhathi, Shamil wancenga ukuyiyekela ihambe ngoba uhambo naseMecca, kodwa wenqaba.

Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, Shamil nomkhaya wakhe baye bathatha isifungo sokwethembeka uMbuso isiRashiya, ngaleyo ndlela ukuthatha yisakhamuzi Russian. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngokuvumelana isimemezelo koMbusi, Shamil Uthole knighthood kusukela ilungelo kudlule ke libe yifa lenu. Ngonyaka owandulela lolu Imam wavunyelwa inkululeko yokushintsha indawo yokuhlala futhi ukuthuthela kwelinye enezimo ezingcono zezulu Kiev.

Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza kule Ukubuyekeza konke iDemo ukuthi ngasinda basekuthunjweni Imam Shamil. Biography kafushane uthi lokhu isiboshwa Nokho, ngempela ukhululekile futhi idunyiswe, okungenani kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa Russian.

ukufa

Ekugcineni, ngo-efanayo 1869, Shamil wakwazi namanje ukufuna kwemvume umbusi mhla Hajj naseMecca. uhambo lokuya nokubuya olucishe wathatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Ngemva Shamil izinhlelo owawusekelwe ukuphila, futhi kwenzeka ngo-1871, wanquma ukuhamba emzini yesibili ongcwele for Muslims - Medina. Kube wafa ngonyaka ayisikhombisa nane ukuphila. Imam wangcwatshwa ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa eCaucasus, futhi Medina.

Imam Shamil: Biography, umndeni

Nokho Umndeni matasa empilweni lo muntu endaweni ebalulekile, njengoba wonke bezintaba Caucasian. Ake ufunde kabanzi mayelana izihlobo nabangane fighter omkhulu ukuzimela kwabantu bakhe.

Ngokusho amasiko Muslim, Shamil wayenelungelo lokwenqaba ukuba abe namakhosikazi athandwa zomthetho. Wathatha sasebenzisa leli lungelo.

Koonyana bakaRubhen, owamazibulo Shamil okuthiwa Jamaluddin (owazalwa ngo-1829). Ngo-1839 wanikwa njengoba kalowo. Watadisha Petersburg belingana nezingane ka izikhulu zamaKhosi. Kamuva Shamil wakwazi bashintshisane indodana esinye isiboshwa, kodwa Jamaluddin ushone eneminyaka engu-29 isifo sofuba.

Indlu yomunye wabeluleki phezulu uyise uyindodana yesibili - Gazi-Muhammad. Phakathi nokubusa Shamil naib waba omunye izifunda. Washona ngo-1902 e ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Indodana yesithathu - Said - abafa isakhasa.

amadodana Younger - Muammad-Shefi and Muhammad Kamil - wafa ngo-1906 futhi ngo-1951 ngokulandelana.

Izimpawu Imam Shamil

Siye kuyofikwa uhambo wokuphila, owawungumnyaka Imam Shamil (biography, izithombe ethulwa esihlokweni). Ungasenza kanjani ukuvela kwalesi indoda ichithela iningi lokhu Highlander, ongowokuzalwa eCaucasus. Kusobala ukuthi lena ubuntu ngokugqamile futhi nganquma ngathi, ukulungele ngenjongo ephakeme ukugembula ngaphezulu. Mayelana Shamil nokuqina uhlamvu ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa yabonisa besikhathi sakhe.

Ukuze Intaba Abantu of eCaucasus, Shamil uyohlale uphawu emzabalazweni sokuzibusa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinye amasu Imam abadumile akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana lwemibono yesimanje mayelana nemithetho yempi futhi esintwini.