Ingabe kukhona uju lwe-aspen?

"Kukhona yini uju lwe-aspen?" - lo mbuzo uvame ukukhathaza abaphuzi bezinyosi abasemuva. Futhi kuyiqiniso, lezi zinambuzane ezinemibala zibukeka njengezinyosi kokuthile. Bahlala ndawonye esidlekeni, banakekele inzalo, banokwabiwa kwemithwalo yemithwalo. I-Wasps yenza ngisho nama-combs. Kungaba nengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi lawa maseli e-wax agcwele uju. Kodwa umehluko phakathi kwama-wasps kanye nezinyosi zikhulu kakhulu kunezinto ezifanayo. Okokuqala, izinambuzane ezinemibala zasendle ziyizilwane ezidliwayo. Futhi badla izibungu zabo hhayi uju. Ukuhamba kwabantu abadala kudla izinambuzane, zihlafuna kuzo kanye nale nzalo yokuphakelayo. Izinyosi ziqoqa i-nectar ezimpandeni nge-proboscis. Kulo mzimba akukho isitho esinjalo. Kodwa izinambuzane ngokwazo zidla uju. Ngabe kufanelekile ukulindela ukudla i-honeycomb esidlekeni se- hornet? Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi lezi zinambuzane azikho konke okufakiwe. Futhi kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi kungani.

South Polybia

Umndeni wezinyosi uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi. Lezi zinambuzane zinendawo enkulu kakhulu yokuhlala. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-USA, eMexico nasenyakatho yeLatin America, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zePolbibiinae Occidentalis (Polybia Occidentalis) zenzeka. Lezi zinyosi ziyamangalisa ngendlela ephawulekayo emikhakheni yezinyosi ezikhuthele. Lezi zinambuzane azigcini nje nge-pollinate izimbali ezinomzimba wazo. Baphinde baqoqe, badle futhi bathelele i-nectar yezimbali emanzini. Futhi embuzweni wokuthi ngabe kukhona uju lwe-aspen, kungenzeka ukuthi uphendule ngokuqiniseka ku-affirmative. Umkhiqizo wokucubungula i-nectar kusukela ezidlekeni zikaPolbia Occidentalis wondliwa amaNdiya aseYucatan isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika kwemikhumbi yaseColumbus. Kodwa-ke, ama-aborigines aseMelika akazange azalise izinyoni zezinyoni. Bavele baqoqa uju ezihlahleni ze-aspen. Lo mkhiqizo awunambitheka njengezinyosi, kodwa usawoti futhi unomsoco. Ngendlela, esidlekeni sojuju kuncane kakhulu. Mhlawumbe, ngenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu saseSouth Polybi asikho isidingo sokubuthelela kuso.

I-Brachygastra lecheguana

Umndeni wephiko elihlanjwe, lapho i-wasps eyakhe khona, iningi kakhulu. Kukhona phakathi kwabo abaduni - abapolisi. Ngokungafani nama-wasps wethu omnyama-omnyama, bahola indlela yokuphila yeqembu, futhi ku-swarm baye babanika imithwalo yemfanelo ngokucacile. Njengomuthi omncane wezinyosi, osombusazwe banendlovukazi, bebeka amaqanda, ama-drones kanye nezinambuzane eziningi zokusebenza: abakhi, abazingeli, abalindi bama-larvae. Kodwa kukhona i-honeycomb phakathi kwepolistas ehlambalayo. Ibizwa nge-Brachygastra lecheguana. Lezi zinambuzane zihlala e-US, indawo yazo ihlala eningizimu yeTexas. Ama-honeycombs azo ajwayelekile kakhulu: aguqulwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kwesigxobo sephepha. Njengazo zonke izimbangi, ziphinde zidle izinambuzane, kodwa zibeka uju lwe-aspen ezidlekeni zazo. Kwesinye isikebhe esinjalo siphila cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu. Izinambuzane ezinjengale hlobo lwezinyosi zihlelwe ngamacrones ezihlahla ze-citrus. Indlela yokuphila yezinyosi ze-Brachygastra iyinto emangalisayo kakhulu ukuthi okhokho babo babeyizidlo ezidumile.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle uju lwe-aspen?

Abafuyi bezinyosi bayazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-enzyme esiswini sezinyosi. Bayibophezele ukuthi kusukela emzimbeni kanye nempova uthola uju oluhlwabusayo futhi oluhle. Emasps, awekho ama-enzyme anjalo. Noma kunjalo, amaNdiya aseLatin America ngaphambi kokufika kwamaYurophu kuleli zwekazi ayengazi umkhumbi (ikakhulukazi ama-beet ezimhlophe). I-sweetener kuphela kubo kwakungunyosi, okhiqizwa yizilwane os Polybia Occidentalis. Iphunga elimnandi kakhulu, kodwa likhazimula ngokushesha, njengoba impova enezimbali ezimbali. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa uju ku-beps kuhluke ezinyosi, izakhiwo zezitshalo ezinobuthi nazo zidluliselwa kumkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, i-nectar kanye ne-pollen ephuma emgodini ingabangela ubuthi obubi kubantu. Kodwa i-Polybia Occidentalis iyinhlobo enemibala enombala. Uma unakekela lezi zinambuzane, zingakwazi ukwenza umkhiqizo owengeziwe kunokuba zidinga ukuphila kwazo.

Ingabe kufanele sifune uju esihlahleni se-aspen ezindaweni zethu?

Noma ubani angaqaphela ukuthi izinambuzane ezinombala ezimnyama ezimnyama zifana nokudla amaswidi. Kubalulekile ukuvula imbiza yobusi noma ujamu - futhi kukhona lapho. Ama-sawp aphezu kwamadlelo okuqhakaza futhi ngaphezulu kwezihlahla ze-apula neziqhwa. Ingabe lezi zilwane zizingela izinyosi noma ziqoqa umpe? Abalimi bamasimu bakholelwa ukuthi izitshalo ze-pollinate ezimbi zibi kakhulu kunabasebenzi bezinyosi ezivela emathunzini. Kodwa, ngeshwa, izinambuzane ezinemibala ayinabo kuphela ama-enzyme avumela impova nompe ukuba zibe uju, kodwa ngisho ne-proboscis yokuqoqa. Amaqabunga awahambisani nokujabulela ijusi elimnandi lezimbali, kodwa ezihlahleni zabo azilondolozi futhi alivuni ebusika. Kodwa nokho into efana noju ezinqandeni zabo zezinyosi. Lezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi "injection". Lokhu kuyingqimba encane yobunyosi, ngakho buhlungu njengoba inani le-wax lihlanganisa iphepha lekhalenda.

Yini ayithandayo: i-aspen spray?

Kusukela emkhayeni owodwa wezinyosi, ozinyosi omiyo uhlezi endaweni ehlelekile yembali, ungakwazi ukupompa izinkulungwane ezingu-17 zezinyosi. Ezimweni ezifanayo, isibhamu se-Aspen singakwazi ukuhlanganisa kuphela amagremu ambalwa alo mkhiqizo. Futhi uju ungabizwa ngokulula okukhulu. Kuningi kakhulu, nge-pollen eningi engasetshenzisiwe. Ngokusho kokubunjwa kwamaminerali, le mboni ihluke kakhulu nobisi bezinyosi. Umjovo uqukethe amaminerali amaningi, amaprotheni kanye ne-sucrose. Akuyona emnandi futhi eningi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunandaba. Ukungena kwezinambuzane kuphela kudla izimpungushe zabo. Kodwa abalimi bazama ukuheha izibhamu zezinyosi. Kungani? Abasimili abacabangi ukuthi kukhona yini uju esihlahleni se-aspen. Banesithakazelo kwezinye izimfanelo zalezi zinambuzane.

Izinzuzo zama-wasps

Lezi zinambuzane zivotela izihlahla zazo ezinemizimba yazo enomlilo hhayi okubi kakhulu kunezinyosi. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nokubandayo, futhi zivele emasimini lapho izinyosi ezihamba phambili zezinyosi zingakafiki (ngesikhathi lapho ama-cherry aqhakaza). Kodwa ukufaneleka okuyinhloko kwezilwane ezimbi eziphuzi akuyona inyosi ye-aspen, kodwa ikhono lezinambuzane zokudla izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zegadi. Izinhlobo ze-Amorphala zondla ama-cicadas, amaqabunga, ama-grinders kanye nezimpukane. I-Earth (noma ukugwedla) ama-wasps adla izinyosi kanye nezibungu zazo futhi asebenza kakhulu ekubhubhiseni amacimbi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane ezidliwayo zingabizwa ngokuthi "ingadi ye-sanitari." Ungesabi i-aspen bite. Uma umuntu engenawo umthambo wezinyosi, khona-ke ubuthi balezi zinambuzane luyoba nomphumela ozuzisayo, onemizimba emzimbeni kuphela. Izingozi zezempilo zingenzeka kuphela uma kunezinyembezi eziningi (okungenani ezingamashumi amabili).

Ingabe ama-wasps anakho ukuhlala ekhaya?

Izinyosi zimi endaweni ephakeme yentuthuko. Banikezwa ngemisebenzi ngisho nangolwimi. Ngakho-ke, kunezinyosi-zezinyosi, imisebenzi yabo ifaka kuphela ukusesha kwezitshalo zezimbali. Bika ukuthi bathola "abaqoqi". Labo bahamba ekhelini elichaziwe futhi baqoqe i-nectar ne-pollen. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokufihla kwezingqimba ze-salivary nama-enzyme, ziphenduka umkhiqizo uju. Idlula izigaba eziningana zentuthuko emcimbini. Izinyosi-izamukeli zibeka ku-honeycomb, zigcwalise ngokungenayo ingxenye yesine. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwamanzi umswakama izitshalo ezithwala umswakama uzifaka engxenyeni engenhla yendawo. Bagcwalisa ama-honeycombs phezulu bese bewafaka ngama-wax lids. Futhi uma ubheka izinyosi, zizoletha uju oluningi kunokuba zidingeke zondle ngokwabo kanye nenzalo yabo. AmaNdiya aseLatin America, futhi, ayebandakanyeka ekukhuleni izinyosi. Ngenxa yalokho, bathola uju lwe-aspen, kodwa ngobuncane obukhulu kunezinyosi.

Utshwala we-cocktail-dessert

I-baristas abanolwazi bayakwazi ukwenza "uju lwe-aspen" ngezandla zabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, shaya izikhupha ezine zamaqanda, wengeze emathonjeni obisi oluncibilikile. Omunye umxube wokusebenza, ukufeza inqwaba yomoya. Emva kwalokho, i-spoonful yekhofi esheshayo ehlanganiswe nengcosana yamanzi abilayo (ukuthi ama-granules ayanyamalala). Gcoba nge-milky-yolk mass. Ngamahloni amancane athululela amamitha ayizinkulungwane utshwala (i-dessert enjalo idliwa nge-spoon) noma ingilazi ye-vodka (i-cocktail ifakwa nge-tube). Faka umkhiqizo oqediwe esiqandisini ngehora.