Industrial amapaki - insimu ukuze ihlanganise ukukhiqizwa entsha. Dala, ukuphatha, kanye inkonzo

Ukuze ihlanganise ukukhiqizwa entsha endaweni, okuyinto ukuhlinzeka ingqalasizinda kanye namandla, amapaki zezimboni ehlelekile ngokukhethekile. Lokhu imfundo kumele unikezwe timo letifanele zokuphatha kanye zomthetho we plan. It ilawulwa izinkampani eyodwa noma ezikhethekile ngaphezulu.

isakhiwo

Industrial amapaki - a amasayithi athile zezimboni, okuyizinto amabhizinisi esizimele ezahlukene noma umkhakha efanayo. Area ngawo wonke amabhizinisi jikelele ngoba ukukhiqiza, ukwabelana ingqalasizinda yayo, ngokuvamile kakhulu exhumene, kusukela co-ukudala value added futhi ukusebenzisa inkampani ukuphathwa - lesiyenta sisodvwa nobe embikwebantfu. Bemithi babe amapaki zezimboni - okubizwa ngokuthi chemical lapho nemabhizinisi eduze kakhulu zokuxhumana umkhakha.

Kukhona-Association of Industrial Amapaki, okuyinto akhiqizwa umbiko olulodwa, kufaka phakathi ubambiswano okungezona zokuhweba. amapaki Industrial noma zezimboni - ibuye kulawulwa opharetha eyodwa isikhungo ezikhethekile eziningi izakhiwo, okusho lokuqala lonke izwe, khona-ke zezimboni, zokuphatha, agcine kanye nezinye izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo. On insimu yonke ezokuthutha kakhulu futhi kwengqalasizinda yobunjiniyela.

ubufakazi

Izici ezibalulekile yalesi zone zezimboni kufanele kube ngaphezu kwawo wonke umhlaba nge uhlobo oluthile ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe, okusho umkhakha. ukwakhiwa Capital of izakhiwo eziyinhloko ezikhethekile kumele sigcwaliswe. ingqalasizinda Engineering kumele kube khona. Kufanele kube atholakale inkampani ukuphathwa.

ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ikhokhelwa izimo zomthetho. Njengoba okushiwo ngenhla, kufanele ngokomthetho okuvunyelwane cishe zonke izinto ngokuba khona epaki zezimboni: kusigaba umhlaba ukubuka ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe ezaziphase isakhiwo, ku ukubhalisa izivumelwano maqondana nomlilo nokuphepha kwemvelo. Zonke izidingo umthetho neziqondiso kufanele ngokuqinile banamathela, kuhlanganise sokuqasha izakhiwo zezimboni kufanele abulawe ngokomthetho.

izimo ezincintisanayo

Ukuze impumelelo kwepaki yezimboni idinga izingxenye eziningi:-ke inala izinsiza ngempoqo nokuqothulwa kwezinhlanga izimakethe ngokwendawo abaseduze, ngokuyinhloko - zokufinyelela (lapha ukuhlanganiswa kunazo zonke izinhlobo etholakalayo ngakho - kusuka ibhasi ujantshi zokuhamba umoya namanzi). ingqalasizinda Engineering kufanele evuthiwe, futhi amandla - ngisho eziphindaphindekayo.

izimvume Ohlala futhi Izinqubo zokuphatha kumele lula ukuze bakwazi oda ndima zabo. Izakhiwo i-kukhiqizwe kahle epaki zezimboni ofanele kakhulu futhi modernly ifakwe. Indawo abasebenzi kanye nengqalasizinda yomphakathi ayikwazi elise kude. Industrial zone ngokuvamile has a kungenzeka ehlukahlukene noma ukunwetshwa. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwepaki yezimboni zisetshenziswa izixazululo ubunjiniyela eziphambili kakhulu.

indaba

Ukudalwa lokuqala kwepaki yezimboni senzeka e-England ngo-1896. wezimali oqavile Ernest Houli wathenga eziyishumi esingamahektare coast Manchester Umkhumbi Canal, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukucabanga, indlela bachithe kuleli zwe. Ngokushesha eyakhelwe isikhala ukwenziwa, kodwa - waphinda - hhayi eyakhe. Umqondo ukudala i epaki zezimboni kwamiswa kancane kancane. Okokuqala, ezokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda ubunjiniyela zidaliwe.

Khona-ke umphathi wezimali unqume ukuqasha amabhizinisi yezimboni amasayithi lingelakhe. Icala wathutha ibhola kweqa, futhi kamuva waqala ukuthengisa izingxenye Hawley. Yavela kanjalo-ke kuqala emhlabeni kwezezimboni Trafford Park. Ngo-1910, kwaba lapha Genri Ford alethwe iphupho lakhe American - European imoto isitshalo wokuqala, kanye nezinkampani abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu sebelithathile isibonelo sakhe futhi zayiswa emahhovisi abo futhi ukukhiqizwa avela eMelika Manchester iminyaka eyishumi. Ngakho emazweni zezimboni abangu bexhashazwa bezentengiselwano abantu.

Inani

Kuyini ukudalwa i epaki zezimboni abanikazi bayo? Lokhu ukuphathwa luhlobo - ukuphathwa lezinto ifomu ekhethekile Outsourcing, lapho izinkampani iqhaza kungaba Ngenxa lokuhlushwa imisebenzi eyinhloko inzuzo, ngokuwina lo mncintiswano ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lapha ukusebenza futhi ukusebenzisana futhi ezomnotho, lapho ingqalasizinda dolobha khudlwana, encishisiwe imali kumasevisi ebalulekile, njengoba izinkampani zitholakala ubumbene.

Unjiniyela noma ukuphathwa inkampani inikeza luhlobo ukuphathwa, okusho ukuvikelwa umlilo, ngisho kwepaki yezimboni kungaba zabo. Isetshenziswa zonke izici ezinhle, kuhlanganise indawo, futhi indawo kwepaki yezimboni kuka ukwandisa ukukhanga yayo, banciphise izindleko zabo ukukhiqizwa. Kukhona lokwandisa ibhizinisi ngokuvula ukukhiqizwa ezintsha njengoba irenti isikhala ezimbonini epaki kakhulu ephansi.

eRussia

Kusukela ekuqaleni sixties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, umqondo kwepaki yezimboni zaqala ukusetshenziswa ezingasho ngenkuthalo. ERussia, baqala ukuvela kuphela post-yokwakha kabusha inkathi, okuyinto kwakuhambisana nezinga embonini yezimoto kanye ukuthuthukiswa imboni yamakhemikhali. Ezimweni eziningi, evulekile amapaki zezimboni izinkampani entshonalanga eRussia.

Ngeshwa, izindawo ezingafaneleki, ngokoqobo endle, cishe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngomumo eyenziwe amasayithi ukukhiqizwa, zazo kuvalwe imboni yasekhaya ezweni iqoqo elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho isimo epaki zezimboni eRussia alinamathiselwe, kodwa usumisiwe Association, futhi ukubhekana iphuzu ofile kushintshile. Into esemqoka - ukuxhuma amasevisi afanele, ukuze bagcine ukuphepha sanitary kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa imithi enobungozi kungaba ngaphansi kokulawula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi eyalo imithetho.

imodeli

Umkhuba emhlabeni uhlukanisa amapaki ekhona kwezezimboni onobuhle ezintathu zezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo.

1. Lesi siqiwu, okubandakanya inkampani ukuphathwa nengqalasizinda, ukuhlinzeka amabhizinisi, ngaphezu isikhala ngemisebenzi, futhi izinkonzo eziningi futhi yonke ingqalasizinda. Ngokuvamile, inkampani ukuphathwa sinjalo umnikazi epaki ezimbonini, kodwa akudingekile. amasevisi Ezazimzungezile - ingxenye emakethe mahhala, uma isivumelwano uhlaka engabondli abakubo ukusetshenziswa amasevisi anikezwa nsuku saziso.

2. amapaki Hlukanisa zezimboni, ngokuvamile encane, izinkampani edonsa amasevisi noma uphathisa ukuphathwa amafemu ingqalasizinda ukubeka endaweni yayo of umkhiqizo wabo.

3. Industrial amapaki kanye zimali ihange (umsebenzisi ezinkulu), okuyinto owenza yonke imisebenzi kanye nengqalasizinda ukuphathwa.

Amandla kagesi kanye imfucuza

Amandla lapha hhayi kuphela kubhekwe njengento ugesi, kodwa futhi zonke ezinye izinto ezidingekayo, okuyinto anikezwa eduze komsele futhi ikhebula amanethiwekhi: amagesi (i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo, umoya onomfutho nokunye), amanzi (edingekayo esikhethekile izitshalo ezithile, ukuphola amanzi, desalted, yezobuchwepheshe, ukuphuza njalo njalo), refrigerants (ammonia, freon) nokunye okunjalo. Thina ukukhiqiza umusi indima ekhethekile, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya amapaki zezimboni ukukhiqizwa yayo akugcini izidingo umusi Ukushisa, kunezindlela eziningi ukukhiqizwa, ukwandisa nekusebenta ukusebenza, CHP.

Kuchithwa khona ukungcola nazo - futhi omunye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu nanoma iyiphi inkampani management, njengoba lokhu kufanele labaceceshiwe, njengoba epaki izimboni hhayi kuphela ezimbonini kanye ethwala imfucuza, kodwa ngokuvamile anobuthi mayelana nokulahla esidinga kuhhavini ekhethekile. Futhi kudingeka izitshalo zabo ukwelashwa aphuma ezimbonini.

ifomethi

Izazi ziye ukuza ukuvumelana mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inzuzo yokuncintisana we amapaki zezimboni. Yiqiniso, ekuhlinzekweni kwezinqalasizinda ibekwe zonke izimboni, ngoba kusukela kule kuncike leveni futhi zonke izinsuku zokukhiqiza. Ukwakhiwa isikhala izimboni eziningi kusiza ugcine izindleko ingqalasizinda, ukubambisana amapaki zezimboni yalolu hlobo kuba lula ukuheha abatshalizimali.

Onjiniyela njalo ukubukela phansi indlela yinkimbinkimbi ezithinta inhlangano kwengqalasizinda, futhi kukhona ukwakhiwa eside namapaki ezingenalutho abakwazi ukusebenza nekusebenta umkhakha. Lesi siqiwu zezimboni kufanele kube utshalomali elikhangayo. Futhi njengoba enjalo kungaba kuphela ukwenza ingqalasizinda eyakhiwe kahle. amasayithi zezimboni yodokotela ngokungabi bikho kwezinsizakalo kudingeka nokunikezwa zihluke amapaki zezimboni.

ukuxhumana

Industrial inkampani, etholakala epaki zezimboni, asikho isidingo ukuba bahlanganyele siqu ukuphepha noma imfucuza yabo kanye Logistics. Konke lokhu zinakekelwe abanikazi epaki noma inkampani ukuphathwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkampani isebenza kusuka ezahlukene noma ngisho umkhakha esifanayo, izixhumanisi phakathi kwazo zakhelwe ngezithukuthuku jikelele imikhiqizo ezingeguquleke. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani uthola impahla eluhlaza futhi ukhiqiza material, omunye ngamapiki up iketanga, futhi ukhiqiza umkhiqizo lulwimi siphelile ukuphuma kuso, bese okwesithathu kokudaliweyo okwakuselwandle nkampani inyathelisa umkhiqizo lulwimi siphelile.

ukunyakaza okungenani kwenza kube ukuncintisana ngenxa intengo ekhangayo. Izinkampani etholakala endaweni efanayo, kungasiko esetshenziswa ezintweni izinkonzo ingqalasizinda epaki, njengoba izindleko zihlukaniswe nhlobo futhi wamukele incane kakhulu kunaleyo uma ngamunye ukuhlela ingqalasizinda yayo. Ukuphumelela inyuka, njengoba yonke imizamo bagxile kuphela zokukhiqiza. Umumo imisebenzi amapaki zezimboni lomqondo, izakhamizi zisebenzisa isevisi ezikhethekile. Izinga amasevisi kusukela kumasevisi ukuphathwa nengqalasizinda njalo okusezingeni eliphezulu, isimo esihle ekwenzeni ibhizinisi.

mayelana ukweseka

Okwamanje eRussia lapho kunendingeko enkulu ukwesekwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa amapaki zezimboni. Isimo uqala unakekele lo ngokunikeza uxhaso intela amakhefu, izinhlelo ezikhethekile loan. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngempumelelo usebenza amapaki anjalo Kaluga ( "Grabtsevo"), lapho lesi sitshalo "Volkswagen" itholakala. Kukhona indawo ezivamile epaki - esingamahektare ezingaphezu kuka ayisikhombisa namashumi amathathu, futhi mayelana ayisikhombisa kuphela Namanje free.

Ungase futhi usho isibonelo kwepaki yezimboni "Vorsino", lapho isikhala ukwenziwa izitshalo ezifana wathola njengoba Nestle, NLMK, Samsung nabanye. Kukhona epaki izingxenye ekhethekile kwezomnotho evuthiwe - aseBaltic Industrial Park (Kaliningrad), lapho ngokushesha uzoqala umsebenzi ngisho siqu port eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukufinyelela izinto ezinjalo zichazwe ngochwepheshe, yokuthi kukhona khona amandla futhi ezimbi kakhulu isimo ukwesekwa. amaphrojekthi Local asekelwe kuphela ezingeni lesifunda, ukuthuthukisa kude kangaka fast nge ngezinga elikhulu kangaka.