Uhhorod: ukubona indawo. Umlando we-Uzhhorod

I-Transcarpathia (i-Uzhgorod ithathwa njengenhloko-dolobha yayo) yindawo engabalibaleki enemihlaba evelele eheha abavakashi hhayi kuphela e-Ukraine yonke, kodwa evela emhlabeni wonke. Liyisifunda esinemithombo yamaminerali edumile emhlabeni wonke, indawo yokulima kanye ne-viticulture centre. Le ngxenye ye-Ukraine ibizwa ngokuthi "igolide eluhlaza". Kukhona amahlathi amaningi kakhulu, izivande nezivini lapha. Kuphela eTranscarpathia yizintaba nezintaba zezintaba, ezicebile emithonjeni yokuphefumula yezimbiwa zamaminerali, zinobuhle obungalingani. Futhi phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zikhazimulo zitholakala i-Uzhgorod enkulu neyasendulo - idolobha elithakazelisayo ngomlando, ukwakheka kwayo kanye nezinto zokubheka.

Idolobha elinomlando weminyaka engaphezu kweyinkulungwane

Umbhalo wesandla somlobi weHungary uShimon Kezai ubonisa ukuthi u-Uzhgorod wasungulwa ngo-872. Igama lamanje lomuzi lithi lokhu kuyisimo sokuhlala esiphezu komfula u-Uh. Umlando we-Uzhhorod mkhulu, njengomuzi ngokwawo. Ngenye yezindawo ezindala kunazo zonke ezifundazweni zaseTranscarpathia e-Ukraine. Yisikhungo sayo sangokomlando nesifunda. Umlando wase-Urban uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1100. Esikhundleni se-Uhgorod zanamuhla, ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakukhona izindawo zokuqala. Omdume kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo kwakungabaseSlav.

Umlando ngokuningiliziwe

Ngokomlando kwamakhulu amaningi eminyaka kwakukhona izikhungo ezintathu zedolobha - i-Castle Mountain, i-Radwanka ne-Gorjany. Imephu yasendulo ka-Uzhhorod ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu kulokhu. Kancane kancane inzuzo yahamba kancane kancane endaweni evikelekile e-Castle Hill. Ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye, idolobha eliqinile elinqotshiwe laqala ukuhlala edolobheni, elaphethwe yiPrince Laborets. Ngo-903, izizwe zesiHungary, ngaphansi kokuhola kwabaholi base-Almos no-Arpad, zahlasela inqaba yeGungwar izinsuku ezine. Kulo, kanye namasosha akhe, ukuzivikela kwakubanjwe yiNkosana uLaborets. Njengoba amabutho ayengalingani, isikhulu sahlukunyezwa, futhi ukuhlala ngokwawo kwashiswa. Kodwa emva kwesikhashana, abanikazi abasha bavuselela kabusha idolobha. Kodwa ngo-1806 u-Uzhgorod waphinde wabanjwa nokuhlaselwa kuka-Kutesk Khan. Wayengahlosiwe ukuthatha umuzi.

Ekhulwini lama-40 leminyaka yekhulu le-12, u-Uzhgorod waphinde washiswa. Ngo-1248 idolobha elisha lakhiwa endaweni entsha (isifunda samanje saseGoryany). Ngo-1290, u-Uzhgorod wadlulisela amandla ku-Chancellor Obo Omodya wase-Ugric. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14, idolobha laphinde lalimala kakhulu. Futhi ngo-1312 wadlula ezandleni zikaPeter Pete. Ema-80s ekhulwini elifanayo isikole sokuqala savuleka e-Uzhhorod.

Ithonya lama-XIX-XX eminyaka ekwakheni u-Uzhgorod

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, idolobha lathonywe ama-dynasties nebabusi ahlukene. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wachitha izikhathi eziningana futhi wazalwa kabusha. Wasinda ezikhathini zokuwa kanye nezimbali. Lapha wakhula idolobha elikhulu langempela , elihamba kancane kepha ngokuqinisekile lakhula. Amakhulu wekhulu le-19 nelama-20 anethonya elikhulu ekubunjweni kwalo. U-Uzhgorod, okukhangayo okungakusho okuningi ngalesi sikhathi, ekhulwini le-XIX elithintekile ekunakekeni komnotho okungavamile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-capitalism kwaqala ukuthuthuka kuyo yonke indawo yaseTranscarpathia, nakuba izitshalo zokuqala zavela ohlelweni lobudlova, ngakho indawo yomuzi yanda izikhathi eziningana. Kusukela ngo-1837 kwakukhona imigwaqo engu-36 e-Uzhgorod.

Ukuguquka kwe-Ugric, okwenzeke phakathi nekhulu le-XIX, kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ku-Uzhgorod kuzo zonke izigameko zezombangazwe. Ema-60ties indlu yokuqala yokunyathelisa nefonti yase-Ukraine yavulwa lapha. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngokushesha kwasungulwa isitimela, isiteshi sesitimela, isakhiwo sefenisha.

Impi Yezwe Yokuqala yanciphisa kancane ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha. Ngo-1919, ukuhlala kwaba yingxenye yeRiphabhulikhi yaseCzechoslovak. Kwakuyi-sikhathi lapho idolobha lathola ukuphelela kwamanje okwakhiwa. Ngo-1938 u-Uzhgorod wadluliselwa eHungary, futhi phakathi nenkathi ye-fascism yaphenduka ikamu lempi lebutho laseHungary. Impi Yezwe Yesibili ayizange ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kulo muzi, kodwa inani labantu lalishintshe kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi u-Uzhgorod uqala ukuthola izici zayo zanamuhla.

Ukubuka kwedolobha

Umuzi onjengo-Uzhhorod ugcwele izinto ezihlukahlukene zomlando, ubuciko bokusebenza, izitayela eziyingqayizivele kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zemyuziyamu. U-Uzhgorod, okubukeka kwakhe akwazi ukushiya noma ubani ongathandanga, uhlonipha iSonto LamaRoma Katolika laseSt. George (George). Lesi sikhumbuzo sezakhiwo sakhiwa ngekhulu le-XVII. Yakhiwa ngu Yu. Druget endaweni yesonto lamaLuthela, yena ngokwakhe owabhubhisa. UMnu Bercheni - owalandela uDruget - wahlanganyela ekuqhubekeni komsebenzi wokwakha. Esikhathini sensimbi yebhilidi kukhona amawashi aqhubekayo asebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu nesigamu.

Esinye isikhangiso, esaziwa yiwo wonke ama-art connoisseur, yi-museum yobuciko (iZhupanat House). Lesi sakhiwo sisekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Yenziwa ngesitayela se-classics futhi ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukubekwa kwe-zhupanat (iziphathimandla zedolobha). Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-70 ekhulwini lokugcina kunemyuziyamu okuthiwa yiJookokyy.

Izinto eziningi kakhulu

I-Ukraine, u-Uzhgorod ngokukhethekile, idume ngamasongo ayo. Wonke umuzi kuleli zwe unezindlu zawo zobukhosi, zonke izakhamuzi zombuso ezizoziqhenya ngazo. E-Uzhgorod, lokhu okuphawulekayo kuyisipesheli, ngoba akusinda ngisho nekhulu elilodwa futhi kunesikhathi sokubona okuthakazelisayo nokungavamile. Izinkumbulo zokuqala zenqaba zibuyele ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubonakala sengathi isisindo sezinkuni. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka leshumi nangekhulu lokuqala kwakhiwa indlu yetshe edolobheni. Yilesi sakhiwo esingazange siphumelele ekuhlaselweni kwe-Kutesk Khan. Inqaba (u-Uzhgorod), njengomuzi uqobo, wadlula kusuka esandleni kuya kwesandla. Kwabhujiswa izikhathi eziningana, kodwa umbusi ngamunye omusha wakha kabusha futhi wenza izinguquko zawo kuwo. Wayengaphansi kokulawula kokubili isiHungari, amaNtaliyane, nama-fascists. Wabekezelela izinto eziningi, kodwa wakwazi ukusinda futhi manje ukhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-Uzhgorod njengophawu lwamandla, amandla nokungaqiniseki.

Imithetho yenqaba

I-Uzhhorod, okuyizinto ezithandwayo ezitholakala emlandweni, izinkolelo zezinkondlo zihlehlisa ngokuthukuthelela izivakashi zayo, futhi mhlawumbe izindaba zangempela zihlobene nalokhu noma leso sakhiwo. Kodwa "umholi" ngokuvumelana nenani lamahemuhemu aye abe namahemuhemu yinqaba yendawo. Omunye wabo uthi engxenyeni esempumalanga yenqaba lapho kwakukhona amathuna lapho i-Druget, i-Bercheny kanye nabanye ingcwatshwa khona. Futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleso sakhiwo ngesikhathi esifanele i-Drugets yakha isakhiwo sezindela zamakholi e-Order of St. Paul. Kodwa leli bhishi lezindlunkulu labhujiswa esikhathini eside esidlule. Esikhundleni sezindela, futhi amathuna namuhla yiMascarpathian Museum-Skansen. Futhi uma kukhona umoya, cishe, kubonakala kuqala kuqala lapha, bese uqala ukuzulazula kuyo yonke indawo.

Isakhiwo se-Castle

Igceke le-castle lihlotshiswe ngesithombe sezinyoni zasendle - i-turul. I-Uzhgorod, ezokuzijabulisa zayo zinezithelo zomvini ezikhethekile, ziyaziqhenya ngalesi sici esihle. Ngempela, kulabo baseHungary, le nyoni yayinhlobo lwamaqhawe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-obelisk yakhiwe kwisayithi lesikhumbuzo, okuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-18. Ihlotshiswe nge-turul, ithululelwe ngethusi. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, isikhumbuzo saqedwa, kodwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80 sakhiwa kabusha. Ukufanekisa okufanayo kwadluliselwa kwi-Transcarpathian Museum of Local Lore.

Ungasikhohlwa

I-Uzhgorod ingenye yemizi endala kunazo zonke e-Ukraine, kodwa ihlale iyingane. Unobungane kuzo zonke izivakashi zakhe futhi uyathanda ukuzithola endaweni yakhe. Lena uhlobo "lwewindi eYurophu." Wavumelana kakhulu, wakwazi ukululameka ngemuva kwamahlumela angafani, futhi namuhla unikeza izivakashi zakhe ukufudumala, ubuhle, ukuthula kanye namahlaya amahle.