Indiza Gagarin sika emkhathini: amaqiniso angaziwa mayelana izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka XX

indiza Legendary Gagarin sika emkhathini namanje kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi, izimpendulo engasasetshenziselwa ezingaxazululeki.

I kokuqala indoda emkhathini kwadingeka ukuba kwenzeke ngokushesha

Nje eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi Yuri A. kwakudingeka angene isikhala okokuqala hhayi serene Apreli usuku, ngisho izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili - ngoDisemba. Lokhu kushiwo Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu le CPSU CC futhi uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe mhlaka 11 okthoba 1960. Ukuqala "East" ebusika kuvimbe ingoti: ngo-October 24 at Baikonur engakakwazi uqale, rocket lempi yamila, okugqugquzelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu 268 babulawa phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Marshal Nedelin. Abantu abaningi ngokoqobo ashiswe ephila. Ngenxa yokuthi iKhomishani Yombuso waphonsa wonke amabutho ukuphenya lesi sigameko, indiza emkhathini Gagarin lihlehliselwe.

Imishini kwaba okunokwethenjelwa kuphela 50%

Yiqiniso, ezikhathini Soviet, lolu lwazi oluthukuswe ngokucophelela. Nokho, izibalo azikhulumele: the ukuqalisa eziyisithupha test ezandulela kwethulwa umuntu emkhathini, ezintathu ziye zaba nomphumela omubi. May 15, 1960, esikhathini esingaphansi nje konyaka ngaphambi kokuba wathatha Gagarin indiza emkhathini, wethula umkhumbi ngenxa okuyiphutha ukulawula isimo sengqondo uhlelo hhayi phansi emhlabeni, futhi uyaqhubeka ukundiza kuze kube namuhla. Septhemba 23 Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngakwesokudla kokuqala rocket yamila ebhodini yayo yayingaphambi izinja Krasavka damka. Disemba 1 kwethulwa senzeka ngaphezulu ngempumelelo dogs Pchelka futhi Mushka idluliselwe uqale ngokuphepha, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi trajectory abadabuka ekupheleni indiza Lalenyukela kakhulu, kodwa umkhumbi ashiswa kanye nezilwane ukuba kulo.

Futhi lokho ingasaphathwa yokuthi le nhlekelele yenzeke hhayi kuphela emkhathini kodwa futhi Emhlabeni ngesikhathi omunye ukusebenzisa ilungelo ekamelweni ngabodwa wafa Bondarenko - ikhandidethi kunani nonke ukuze osomkhathi.

I esikhundleni Cosmonaut lokuqala titov kungathatha

Melika akakwazanga ukuhlala kude futhi wonke amabutho uzama ukwenza wokuqala ongabantu e-isikhala kwethulwa. Nokho Ukuhlolwa ezazingaphansi kwawo ngendlela, eNtshonalanga, esikhundleni abagibeli izinja ezicitshwayo babe izimfene. I-United States babelangazela Meyi 2, 1961 - kwaba ngosuku wamiswa ukuqala ezibalulekile kuqala. Nokho, uSergei Korolev ayikwazanga ukuvumela American Ngumuntu wokuqala ukuya emkhathini. Nakuba isilinganiso 50/50, okuyinto akukuniki noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthokoza isiqinisekiso sokuthi Yuri A. ukubuyela uyaphila, kwethulwa mkhathi Soviet waqokwa emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili. Ngalezo zinsuku, Wacabangisisa umbono wokususa Gagarin, ngubani wayenamadodakazi amabili amancane, phezu engenabantwana titov German. Kodwa Korolev waphikelela ngokuthi candidacy of Yuri futhi, ngamazwi akhe, konke ukuphila kwakhe wayeziqhenya, ngineminyaka engu banembile abalithandayo.

astronaut ubekade ingozi enkulu the imizuzwana 20 lokuqala indiza

Ekugcineni bafika ngo-April 12 1961 ngonyaka - usuku indiza Gagarin sika-space kanye nokubheka esinye sezenzakalo eziphawulekayo kunazo yekhulu lamashumi amabili. ingozi kakhulu harbored ncamashi rocket kwethulwa. isihlungi isikimu kuhilela ongakhetha ahlukahlukene lokulondoloza Spaceman ku izigaba ezahlukene. Ngaphandle imizuzwana 20 okokuqala. Kwakuyokwenzeka nini ukuqalisa imoto ukuqhuma esihlalweni Yuri catapulted kuphakeme, akwanele ukuvula parachute. Nge le njongo yasungulwa "uhlelo wokutakula eziphuthumayo", okuyinto guys ezinkulu ezine ababehleli eduze kokuqala yokukhosela akhethekile igcinwe ngomumo grid enkulu inayiloni. Uma le ngozi yenzeke, kwakudingeka siphume of the yokukhosela futhi ukubamba astronaut njengoba bomlilo ukubamba abantu babephuma ngamafasitela phezulu lapho kwakugqamuka sezakhiwo evutha.

Iziphathimandla sengilungisile izikhalazo ezintathu nje abantu

Akekho wayeqiniseka ukuthi indiza Gagarin sika emkhathini uyophumelela. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwelashwe emithathu tass Ayekulungele: uma ukuhlola usuphothuliwe ngempumelelo, kwesibili - lapho mkhathi ngeke bakwazi ukuya ku-orbit, kanti eyesithathu - ngokufa okudabukisayo le Cosmonaut.

Uma kakade isikhala kwaba esiphuthumayo, ngenxa lapho izinjini ukubopha Bavinjelwa, umkhumbi uzogcinwa Umhlaba orbit. "East" lwenzelwe ukuze esimweni esinjalo, umkhumbi wawungahamba, "ukunamathela" elingenhla ungqimba ebangelwa umkhathi, yehlisa ngokuphepha umhlaba noma zingena phansi endaweni ethile. Nokho, kwakungeke kwenzeke ngemuva 1 ihora ngo 7-10 ngosuku. Ngenxa yale njongo sadalwa amanzi, ukudla nomoya, okufanele ngokwanele izinsuku eziyishumi.

Ingozi ukucutha futhi iqiniso ukuthi, naphezu izinsuku eziningi zokuhlola kanye nokuqeqeshwa, wahlala ingozi baphazamiseka ingqondo ngesikhathi Cosmonaut. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, Gagarin sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli njalo ukuxoxisana Earth. Wenza konke imizuzu 108 indiza yabo.

Sibonelo yezikhali ezicitshwayo kwakuyisimangaliso?

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo iziqinisekiso of iziphathimandla zaseSoviet, futhi uqalise ngokwami indiza senzeka ngokohlelo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe kukhona isimo esiphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni angizange ukulayisha yobunzima missile inzwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuqala abaklami baye baphoqeleka ukuba sokuphumula, bese ukubophela ibhawudo 32 emuva ekhasini elingaphandle dweba. Ukulandela ukuhluleka livelile isixhumanisi. Esikhundleni isignali "5" kungazelelwe waya inombolo "3", okwakusho ukuthi emkhunjini kwakukhona ukuhluleka. Izikhungo module ahlukaniswe isikhathi eside, okungase kuholele umlilo rocket, valve wanamathela suit Gagarin kuphela esinda ubophekile, ngesikhathi egijima lo mkhumbi waqala gingqika ngezikhathi ...

Nokho, indiza waphumelela waba omunye izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni we "impi yomshoshaphansi" phakathi eU.SSR USA, futhi emlandweni isintu sisonke.

Amaphutha nge touchdown, "East" gubadlela amashumi eminyaka ilandelana

iziphathimandla zaseSoviet bagomela ngokuthi Gagarin esesifundazweni endaweni kusengaphambili. Empeleni, ososayensi baye baqhuba eziningana recalculated noyedwa Imiphumela ungazange Kwakuyiqiniso loko. Eqinisweni, wafika Yuri A., catapulted esikebheni, ku Saratov esifundeni. Abantu bokuqala ababona astronaut babe Anna Tahtarova, inkosikazi wehlathi, nomzukulu wakhe uRita. Ukubona ukwakheka komuntu imvunulo ongaziwa, le ntokazi ubudala ephelile uvalo ekuqaleni, kodwa Cosmonaut wamduduza, bamemeza bathi: "! Yakhe, akhe, namaSoviet"

Yaphela kanjalo-ke sasendizeni Gagarin sika emkhathini. Unyaka kanye Ngosuku lomcimbi - 12 April 1961 - ngokungangabazeki kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha emlandweni wesintu.