Indaba efingqiwe: "Indlela Eya Calvary", A. N. UTolstoy. Isihloko umsebenzi, protagonists

"Indlela Eya Calvary" - trilogy we umlobi odumile Russian nawaseSoviet Alekseya Tolstogo. It is abizwa kanjalo ngenxa liphethe izincwadi ezintathu: "Odade" (1921-1922 GG.), "I Ngonyaka weshumi nesishiyagalombili" (1927-1928 GG.) Futhi "Ekuseni belusizi" (1940-1941 GG.). Babonisa isiphetho nezazi Russian, okuyinto kwadingeka akhuthazele ngokuqhubeka enzima ngesikhathi 1917. UTolstoy "Indlela Eya Calvary" wabhala engamashumi amabili, futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuphinde avakashele futhi bahlaziye kabusha imibono abo kanye nezimpilo zabo. Kulo mbuzo, o, ukuthi kwakunzima kanjani kokungabethembi omunye njalo ihlushwe umphefumulo wakhe.

"Indlela Eya Calvary": encwadini yokuphila futhi rethinking

Lapho uMbuso Russian ziwile, lapho umbhali ayewuthanda kakhulu, yena bathutha phesheya ke emuva. UTolstoy kwaba uyaqiniseka ukuthi uhulumeni omusha uyokwenziwa akwazi ukushintsha ukuphila ezweni zibe ngcono. "Indlela Eya Calvary" - incwadi ebonisa bonke Simoni nokungabaza okuyinto wafikelwa amashumi eminyaka, kodwa ekugcineni wafika esiphethweni sokuthi abantu Russian namanje owakhetha kahle, usekela kanye ngakho wazonda amaBolshevik.

Incwadi ethi "Road eKalvari," umlobi waletha le Stalin Prize ngo-1943. Usayizi ke ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-100. Kwakuyisikhathi Imali enkulu kakhulu, okuyinto UTolstoy ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngokushesha wathumela ku-Defense Fund, futhi ithangi "esibi" Yakhiwa.

Indaba efingqiwe: "Indlela Eya Calvary"

Incwadi yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi "Sisters", futhi lichaza ukuthi, eseyintombazanyana futhi kuqondile Bulavina Darya Dmitrievna ekuqaleni 1914 ifika Petersburg kusukela Samara ukufunda ukuba izifundo zomthetho. Kulesi izimpilo idolobha nodadewabo Catherine D. nomyeni wakhe - ummeli abavelele Smokovnikovym UNikolai Ivanovich. umndeni wabo kuyimpilo bohemian, ngakho-ke, emzini wabo ngokuvamile izivakashi, phakathi lapho kuqhutshwa izinkulumo eziphambili mayelana nekhono ukufa futhi uyingxenye yokuhlasela okwabakhona yeningi. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka imbongi Bessonov Aleksey Alekseevich. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe ubhala ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu Russia - the ingcuba, futhi labo ubhala izinkondlo, ngeke ngishe esihogweni. Ngokuvamile, kule uhlanya ngonya uwela kuwubuwula futhi kuyisidala okumsulwa Darya Dmitrievna. Wakhe nakancane ukuthi udadewabo othandekayo Katya ishintshile naye umyeni wakhe amnandi futhi nabanomusa.

ukuvukela umbuso

Le noveli "The Road Calvary" baqhubeka ukuthi UNikolai Ivanovich waqala baqagela ukukhashelwa umkakhe, waze watshela ngisho lokhu Dasha, kodwa Katya ngokushesha okukhulu kwabaqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akunangqondo ephelele. Kodwa Dasha namanje bambe up iqiniso ngokusebenzisa Bessonova bese nge vehemence yakhe evamile neqondile kwenza Katya avume zonke nomyeni wakhe simcele ukuba asithethelele. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mbhangqwana bashiya, uNikolai - eCrimea, Kate - France.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ku Vasilyevsky Isiqhingi Ivan Ilyich Telegin - Engineer ehloniphekile futhi uhlobo - ukulahlekelwa yingxenye efulethini lakhe abantu abangaziwa abasha abavame ukubamba ekhaya "Futuristic" party. Futhi esinye salezi kusihlwa, sibonga umngane wakhe, iza Dasha. Konke kwenzekani, ukuthi wayengazi ukuthi njalo, yena uthanda unjiniyela abasha Telegin.

uthando

"Indlela Eya Calvary," umlobi uyaqhubeka ukuthi ihlobo Dasha waya Samara ukuvakashela uyise - Bulavina Dmitriya Stepanovicha - futhi konke kusenjalo esikebheni ihlangabezana kakhulu le Engineer Ivana Ilicha, yena owayesevele sichithiwe ngenxa yeziteleka zabasebenzi zalesi sihlahla. Bakhuluma kamnandi futhi kakhulu ukuzwelana nabanye.

Dasha, Found out uyise, ngokuvumelana neziyalezo zakhe aye eCrimea, ukukhuluma nomyeni Katya, futhi naye bamcela ukuba avumelanise nomkakhe. Ngo eCrimea, naye wabona baphelelwa emicabangweni yakhe Bessonova, kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu - ke ayeze ngithi goodbye Telegin, wayeya ukuya phambi, ngemva Okokuqala Umhlaba futhi wanquma namuhla ukuvuma Darya Dmitrievna othandweni.

Ngemva kwesikhashana ngezihluthu efa ngengozi Bessonov, ukuphela okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe senkondlo. Trilogy okwengeziwe ilandisa ukuthi lapho Katya evela eFrance eMoscow Smokovnikov ukubuyisana naye.

Roshchin

Manje, uma nxazonke kwakukhona impi, odade baqala ukusebenza esibhedlela samasosha. Ngolunye usuku UNikolai Petrovich kuholela endlini abasisiwe enhlokodolobha i ukuhlonyiselwa iWhite Guard uCaptain Vadim Petrovich Roshchin. Yena cishe ngokushesha owayo uthandana Ekaterina Dmitrievna futhi ngokushesha uthi uthando lwakhe, kodwa akamukeli reciprocity.

UTolstoy "Indlela Eya Calvary" kuqhubeka yokuthi omunye udade ufunde amaphephandaba abo ukuthi Ensign Telegin alukho. Dasha yawela yithemba, wayengazange okwamanje ukuyichaza ukuthi wathathwa isiboshwa bese izikhathi ezimbalwa ukubaleka ekamu lokuhlushwa, it acishe alikhulumi nanokukhuluma esingu. Kodwa isimangaliso wamsindisa, futhi uthola ngokuphepha eMoscow.

Umhlangano eside elindelwe nge Dasha yaba ngeyesikhashana, no-Ivan Ilyich baphuthuma njengobe kuvetwe emculwini Baltic ifektri e Petrograd. Endleleni useba okungahleliwe zabona bakhi suka ku iNeva komzimba wabulala Grishka Rasputin.

waqala phambi Telegina Ngakho Februwari revolution. Telegin waya eMoscow ngoba Dasha futhi fikisa it Petrograd.

izibhelu

umyeni UKathy sika usekhonze njengephayona uKhomishani Yesikhashana Uhulumeni nangentshiseko waya eMoscow, lapho wabulawa amasosha mutinous.

Ngu Vadim Roshchin umfelokazi iza ukumduduza. Kumanje akazi ukuthi yenzeni, futhi ibutho isiRashiya, kungekho phambi manje. Ukhuluma Russia njengoba umquba ukulima, kodwa manje konke kufanele qamba buye, futhi isimo futhi impi, kanti ngemuva kwenye umphefumulo ukumpintsha abantu.

Ngo Ntambama ehlobo ngo-1917, Vadim futhi Kate babezelulela imilenze ngasogwini lwase avenue e Petrograd. Lapha wanquma sokuvuma uthando Kate. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi badlula inxuluma wangaphambilini we-ballerina edumile, kwaku endlunkulu amaBolshevik, ngubani babelungiselela ukugumbuqela umbuso. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka ingxenye yokuqala kule noveli.

revolution

Ukufingqa ( "Usizi") uyaqhubeka encwadini yesibili esithi "Ngonyaka weshumi nesishiyagalombili." Uphinde achaze indlela okuhloswe scary, elambile futhi abandayo isibe ngesikhathi esifushane Petersburg, ophila kuwo liphenduka sizi yangempela. Dasha, izibulo ukhulelwe, ehlaselwa yizigebengu, lokhu ukucindezeleka kubangela wazalwa kungakabi isikhathi, enendawo umfana abasishiya ngosuku lwesithathu. Dasha ayikwazanga ukuthola ukusuka lweshwa lakhe, Ivan Ilych uyaqaphela ukuthi ehlezi ekhaya usaba amandla noma isifiso, ngakho waya akhonze iRed Army.

Roshchin ngalesi sikhathi eMoscow, kwaba igobolondo-washaqeka emva Okthoba itholene phezulu namabutho Abavukeli. Nge Kate, bazixazulula ukuya uyise e Samara, lapho ukulinda aphume lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Babeqiniseka ukuthi amandla amaBolshevik emthonjeni ngeke kuhlale sikhathi. Khona-ke Roshchin Katya ethunyelwe Rostov, okuyinto zaba impi zokuzithandela of emhlophe, kodwa awunaso isikhathi ukuze uthole khona (i-lamabutho wathola, ziyinkinga entsha futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umuzi).

Makhno

Fish kuzo amanzi ngalesi sikhathi azizwa futhi Roshchin. "Indlela Eya Calvary" eminye ilandisa ukuthi emhlabathini ngemibono phakathi Vadim futhi Kate uya ingxabano. Ushiya ngasemuva ukuze uhambisane nezisebenzi zokuzithandela, kodwa ngaphambi lingena Red Guard ingxenye kuye ukuze uthole ezinhlwini zempi futhi flop phezu aye kokwakhe, ukuthi ekugcineni ngeke. Isikhulu Abanesibindi namanje unganelisekile, yena aqale ukuhlushwa kakhulu ngenxa ikhefu nge Katya.

Catherine D., abahlala Rostov, ngokushesha uthola izindaba ezingamanga ngokufa Vadim futhi manje ngenkani ukuya AMANINGI. Kodwa endleleni eya isitimela ukuhlasela Makhno. In ekuthunjweni Makhnovists ahlangana bangaphambili okhonzile Roshchina - Krasilnikova Alekseya oqala ukuze banakekele wakhe.

Vadim, ngokushesha nje wathola iholide rush Katya e Rostov, kodwa njengoba elapho uthola wakhe. Esiteshini, ngephutha ihlangabezana Telegin, owayebizwa ezifihlwe isiphathimandla iWhite Guard. Vadim akusho lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze kuye, ngoba yena wambonga buthule futhi ngokushesha iphele.

Dasha

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Daria D. uhlala Petersburg, lapho okubomvu Lenin oyakhayo isimo izisebenzi ezintsha 'futhi abalimi. Uma kuba umngane wabo ubudala Kulichek - Isikhulu Denikin sika, okhipha wakhe incwadi evela udadewabo. Kusukela kuye efunda ukuthi Roshin wafa.

Kulichek udonsa Dasha emsebenzini komhlaba emelene nohulumeni kwamaBolshevik, futhi wathuthela eMoscow. Ngakho le ntombazane ayeqondiswa ka Boris Savinkov, ukumboza ukuchitha isikhathi izidlamlilo Mammoth Dalsky. On imiyalelo komhlaba yayo, uqala ukuya emihlanganweni ahlukahlukene lapho Lenin ukhuluma ngaso iqembu yabo ilungiselela ukuhlaselwa. ukusebenza kwalo iyenza ibe unomuzwa oqinile. Bese-Daria D. vomits konke ukuxhumana ne bakhi futhi yaya kuyise e Samara. Kukhona futhi uthola futhi Telegin ngesimo isiphathimandla emhlophe.

Telegin kuziwa Bulavin futhi ufuna ukuthola okungenani amanye izindaba mayelana Dasha. ngokushesha Dmitry Stepanovich waqaphela ukuthi phambi kwakhe "inyoka elibomvu," esho ekuphazamisayo Telegina incwadi endala kusukela Dashi, kanye enkeneneza counterintelligence. Bese kuba khona ukuhlangana ezingalindelekile Telegin futhi Dasha, ngesikhathi eseneminyaka ekamelweni lakhe. Sinenkosi isikhathi sokuchaza, no-Ivan Ilyich siphela.

ngemva nje kwesikhashana Telegin kakade uyala ibutho ngokubuyisa Dasha e Bulavina efulethini, kodwa lalingenalutho, ingilazi empeleni aphulwe + futhi Dasha cha.

Kuvikela Tsaritsyn

Okufingqiwe ( "Indlela Eya Calvary") engxenyeni yesithathu "Ekuseni belusizi" kusho ukuthi isitimela uhlaselwe Darya Dmitrievna Cossacks elimhlophe, futhi manje yena nayehamba naye wokujikeleza okungahleliwe amazambane nezitini endaweni ethile ogwadule. Kufanele e Tsaritsyno, kodwa bona ilungiselelo Reds, ngubani washeshe wasola lobunhloli, ikakhulukazi ngoba uyise Dasha sika waba yisikhonzi uhulumeni Samara emhlophe. Nokho, kamuva kwavela ukuthi induna ibutho wayazi impi German Melshin Dasha bendoda kanye iRed Army.

Telegin ngalesi sikhathi kokuthutha iVolga izinhlamvu nezibhamu ku Tsaritsyn yizilwi. Lapho ukuzivikela wakhe kabi bangeniswe esibhedlela. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, equlekile, esanguluka, ebona eziningi nabahlengikazi ababenakekela kwaba Dasha yakhe ethandekayo.

Katya futhi Roshchin

Roshchina sizi ngalesi sikhathi kuqhubeka, ke uyadumala ngokuphelele ekuphileni kwakhe konke, Ekaterinoslavle ngokuzumayo ifunda ukuthi lesi sitimela, ibihamba Katya ayethunjwe Makhno. Ukushiya leli potimende lilethwe ehhotela ngadabula epaulets isikhulu labelungu, uyahamba ulifune ekomkhulu Huliaipole Makhno. Elapho luwele ezandleni Levy Zadova - counterintelligence abakhulu Makhno sika. Lokho kubabeka Roshchina sokuhlushwa. Kodwa Makhno ke alithathe kuye ukuba amaBolshevik wayecabanga ukuthi ngothando emhlophe, engena ubuhlobo inzuzo nge amaBolshevik kanye nabo uzowuthatha AMANINGI, eyayiphansi Petliurists. Roschin kungenzeka ukuvakashela epulazini ayehlala kulo Katya nangokuthi Alexei Krasilnikov, kodwa wayeshiye kakade, akukho muntu olaziyo.

Vadim abafuna ngesibindi ukuxabana, kepha Petliurists idolobha ungadluli. Roshchin liyagula, nayo yonke obomvu ukuyibeka ku esibhedlela Kharkiv.

Izinkanuko ingalawuleki ukuba senze konke okusemandleni noveli "The Road Calvary". Katya, okumenza ebugqilini Krasil'nikova ngamandla wamphoqa ukuba ngishade naye, omunye izikole zasemakhaya abe umfundisi.

Kusukela esibhedlela Vadim ziqondiswe Kiev uKhomishina Chugai. Naye kokuba yingxenye kokunqotshwa kwe-Green Gang futhi ukubulala Krasil'nikova. Katya, uthola.

injabulo

Usizi - ingqikithi e umkhiqizo main, amaqhawe inoveli, yena esondelene kakhulu, yilowo nalowo uyakwamukeliswa bebodwa, ngoba ezikhathini ngempela ngakho ezimbi kungcono khuni ukukucabanga.

Ngakho-Ivan Ilych baba iqembu lamabutho induna, kanye kanye wayemelela uMphathi Abasebenzi, lapho ezwa Roshchina. Wayefuna ukumbamba, kodwa ngokushesha iba sobala.

Kate wabuyela eMoscow efulethini lakhe elidala kwi Arbat, lapho wangcwatshwa kanye indoda wachazela Vadim. Wabe esehlela ukuba uthisha bese kwelinye imihlangano abantu Veterans akufundayo Vadim Petrovich bese ufikelwa. Ngu Kate ukuza Telegin futhi Dasha.

Manje, ekugcineni, bonke uphinde uhlangane futhi uhlala zitholakala ehholo we Bolshoi Theatre. Inqubekela umbiko Krzyzanowski mayelana kukagesi Russia. Roshchin ukhomba Lenin futhi Stalin futhi utshela Kate ukuthi anqotshiwe phambi kuka Denikin, ezichitha igazi, futhi yonke imizamo awulona ize ngenxa yesizathu kangaka, lapho izwe waqala kabusha, kube kuhle, ukuthi kuleli gumbi zonke isilungele ukuba anikele ukuphila kwakhe. Lena Russia entsha. Ivan Ilyich, futhi, liphefumulelwe ukusebenza kwalezi abaholi abathandwayo, uthi Dasha, okuyinto vele uzimisele kakhulu ukusebenza. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi awuqede isifinyezo. "Indlela Eya Calvary" - umsebenzi uyakufanelekela ukufunda.