Inani labantu base-endaweni Orenburg: inombolo kanye nokusungulwa yobuhlanga

Umphakathi we Orenburg esifundeni okwamanje imele abantu 1,989 kwezigidi ezingu 589. idatha okunjalo 2017 imiphumela Rosstat. Njengoba eRussia iyonke, inani abahlala emadolobheni ezingaphezu kuka yasemakhaya. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe ikhaya kuya ku-60% we-Orenburg. Kulokhu, kwabantu bakhona abantu 16 square kilometre, ngokuvumelana le nkomba, esifundeni ivuliwe endaweni 49 kuleli zwe phakathi Territory Perm kanye Novosibirsk esifundeni.

Izakhamuzi Orenburg esifundeni

Umphakathi we Orenburg esifundeni iye kancane kancane ekunqabeni eminyakeni yamuva. Futhi kuze kube maphakathi no-90 sika lakhula. Isiqongo kufinyelelwa 1996, lapho sifunda lalihlala 2,218,000 52 abantu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani Orenburg esifundeni sabantu incipha njalo ngonyaka. Iminyaka engu-20, ukwehla zaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-30.

Ngokuvamile, izibalo kule nkambu eRussia Kwenziwa kusukela 1897. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-Orenburg, nakwamanye amadolobha, nemizana ngalo mbuzo, bangaki abantu kule Orenburg esifundeni, labantu wanikeza izibalo okunengqondo olunembile. Ubude 1,600,000 145 abantu sabhalwa.

wenzalo Dynamics

Inombolo ukubeletha ku Orenburg esifundeni sabantu 1000 abantu 14.6. Ukukhula okubonakalayo kule inkomba ukuthi evezwe kowezi-2000. Ngakho, uma ngo-1999 umntwana azalelwa khona, 9.1 ayizinkulungwane ngamunye, bese ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, lesi sibalo sakhuphuka ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwelilodwa futhi amayunithi nengxenye.

ukukhula okuqhubekayo lokuzalwa izinga esifundeni sasisekelwa kuze 2010, lapho umntwana abakhileyo 14.1 per ayizinkulungwane. Ngemva kwalo nyaka yimpumelelo, nese akuphumelelanga ngokuya okuzala.

Amathrendi futhi ngokwempilo yangenyama

Sekukonke, eminyakeni yamuva, i-bebeletha ukwenyuka Orenburg esifundeni. Lokhu ngokuqinisekile wayecabanga indlela labantu Orenburg esifundeni namuhla.

izibalo ngokucophelela ku ngokwempilo yangenyama olwenziwa kusukela 1970. Khona-ke, ku-abakhileyo eziyinkulungwane wabulawa 7.9 Umuntu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani ukufa kukhuphuke njalo ngonyaka. Ngo-2005, lesi sibalo lenyuka cishe kabili futhi wenze kakade nokufa 15 nengxenye ngayinye abakhileyo ayizinkulungwane. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo esifundeni, kanye kulo lonke lelo zwe, ukulalelisisa. Ngakho-ke, izibalo bakwazi ngaphambi kokuba izinze. Ngokusho idatha zakamuva ezivela Rosstat, ku Orenburg ayizinkulungwane abafa unyaka ngamunye 14.2 umuntu.

Izifunda we Orenburg esifundeni

Umphakathi we Orenburg ndawo basakaza phezu kwezifunda 35. Phakathi kwabo futhi kukhona abaholi laggards ku izakhamuzi eziningi. Amandla nabanye omasipala asethuthukile lapho kukhona ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, makhulu amathemba ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Kusukela izindawo emuva abantu bashiya ngobuningi minyaka yonke e-Orenburg nasemazweni angomakhelwane izifunda.

Inani labantu base-nezifunda Orenburg esifundeni anesizotha ekunqabeni eminyakeni yamuva. Umholi Pervomaisky esifundeni inhlokodolobha edolobhaneni Pervomaisk. Lapha siphile abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-90. Kulokhu, endaweni eyinhloko emnothweni kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. Pervoymaysky ngokukhethekile inyama nezinkomo yobisi ekutshaleni okusanhlamvu. Endaweni kukhona 18 amapulazi amakhulu kanye naphakathi, kanye cishe ikhulu namashumi ongumlimi amapulazi. Kukhona esifundeni umkhakha. Lapha ukuthuthukiswa embonini kawoyela. Of Pervomaisky isifunda wabeka azungeze 800 amakhilomitha gas amapayipi.

Phakathi laggards efakwe ohlwini Matveyevsky District, lisendaweni enyakatho-mpumalanga. Lapha siphile abantu 11 ayizinkulungwane 209 kuphela. Isikhungo zokuphatha iyona Matveyevka emzaneni. Le ndawo yasungulwa kwezolimo kuphela. Izinkampani onguchwepheshe ukutshala amazambane kanye ubhekilanga. Abathathu wokubambisana (efana amapulazi Soviet collective) abasebenza kule ndawo futhi eziningi osomabhizinisi ngabanye.

Ngokuvamile, le Orenburg esifundeni - ngamandla ukuthuthukisa isifunda Russian. Phakathi izifunda oil-producing yeRussia, lapho zibalwa lesine. It ebangela 4.5% kubo bonke uwoyela olukhiqizwa Russia. Akumangazi ukuthi iyona umkhakha fuel is emkhakheni ehola. Amasimu Iningi uwoyela basuke bagxila sekushiwo Pervomaisky isifunda, kanye Sorochinsk futhi Kurmanaevskaya.

Amafutha, okuyinto abacebile Orenburg esifundeni, kuyingxenye eyisisekelo zigcine iVolga-Ural lokhu yezimbiwa. Ukuthuthukisa uwoyela Amasimu kulezi zindawo lwaluqala-yalolucwaningo 30 XX leminyaka ngasedolobheni Buguruslan. Namuhla, amafutha esindayo endaweni njalo uyanda.

City Orenburg esifundeni

Orenburg esifundeni idolobha ngokuya labantu kakhulu njengoba kuphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya. In the isikhungo lesifunda inabantu cishe 580.000. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange esifundeni emadolobheni 21 Orenburg.

Amadolobha amakhulu namancane, ngaphezu Orenburg kukhona Orsk (abakhileyo 235,000), Novotroick (96 ayizinkulungwane) kanye Busuluk (85 ayizinkulungwane).

Orsk ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza ezimbonini. Enterprises ukusebenza isiqoqi sama-softwe, uwoyela, nonferrous yokusansimbi, ukuhlola, amandla, ukwakhiwa kanye nezimboni zokudla.

Umnotho Novotroitsk kusekelwe izinkampani abathintekayo kulo embonini, yokusansimbi, ukucutshungulwa imfucuza kanye Scrap ngezinto ayoni, umkhiqizo wokudla. Gradoobrazujushchim kuyinto JSC "Ural Steel". Kuyinto Metallurgical ngobukhulu sihlanganise.

Buzuluk ku 60s of leminyaka elidlule, ngenkuthalo ugxile uwoyela Amasimu. Izinkampani ngisho ukungena ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele, futhi Buzuluk ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha amafutha Orenburg esifundeni. Nokho, kule minyaka eyishumi umkhakha cishe lutho kwesokunxele. Kuvaliwe ezinkulu ifenisha imboni, izimboni umshini wokwakha kuhambile yimali, amabhizinisi kawoyela negesi umkhakha bekulokhu iconsi uwoyela. Ngakho-ke Buzuluk namuhla uhlala elinye lamadolobha abaningi abadangele abakufunayo esifundeni.

Orenburg

Labantu main lwedolobha Orenburg ndawo bagxila kule dolobha yesifunda. Lapha kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka ingxenye yesine yayo yonke izakhamuzi zendawo.

Umuzi yasungulwa ngo 1743 esizeni Berd Fortress. Namuhla e Orenburg evuthiwe umnotho. Umkhakha esekelwe ukukhiqizwa igesi kanye negesi ukucutshungulwa izimboni, kanye ukucutshungulwa zensimbi isiqoqi sama-softwe. Usebenza nezimboni chemical umkhakha, ukukhanya kanye nokudla.

Kufanele ukwaba JSC "Orenshal" ibhizinisi ehlukile wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa abadumile Orenburg downy shawls, ngaphandle uye sihlanganisa Orenburg shawls. Le nkampani "Dzhon Dir Rus" ukhiqiza imishini yezolimo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu xxi isimo kule Orenburg uhlaliseke emva 90s crisis. ногом связаны с успешным развитием предприятия "Газпром добыча Оренбург". I impumelelo nezomnotho kulo muzi e nogom m elihlobene ne ekukhuleni kahle inkampani "Gazprom ezimayini Orenburg".

ukwakhiwa Active izakhiwo ezintsha waqala Orenburg University, kwakukhona zemidlalo yesimanje, eziyinkimbinkimbi ethnographic "National Village".

Ukwakheka labantu Orenburg esifundeni

izakhamizi Iningi Orenburg esifundeni ubuzwe Russian. Inombolo yabo imayelana 75%. Ngo yesibili endaweni AmaTatar - esifundeni cishe 7.5% izakhamuzi lokhu ubuzwe, e lwesithathu isikhundla Kazakhs - cishe 6%.

cent Ngaphezu ezimbili ngamunye esifundeni iyikhaya Ukraine futhi Bashkirs. Kancane esingaphansi isenti ezimbili ngamunye we abamele ubuzwe laseMordovia.

Isibalo izakhamuzi ezisele kwendawo ingeqi 1%. Mayelana eyodwa futhi amaphesenti kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele phakathi kwabantu okugcinile wenqaba abonisa ubuzwe bakhe.

Abomdabu basezifundeni Orenburg

Ekuqaleni, labantu Orenburg esifundeni kwamiswa ngenxa AmaTatar. Manje isifunda sabo kukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-150. AmaTatar babe kwezakhamuzi zokuqala Orenburg. Manje bahlala ubumbene on ensimini kwezifunda eziningana - Abdulinsky, Buguruslan, Krasnogvardeisky, Matveevskoe, Tashlin futhi Sharlykskoe.

Sekukonke, esifundeni eliqhele 90 Tatar nemizana, lapho izakhamuzi eziningi zalesi ubuzwe owandile. Kulezi emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni ka ngolimi lwesiTatar okufundiswa ezikoleni, 34 preschools Tatar azitholile Orenburg esifundeni. ezingaphezu kuka-70 amathempeli usebenze Orenburg esifundeni.

Orenburg Bashkirs

Indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni ukwakheka kazwelonke we Orenburg esifundeni play Bashkirs. Iningi lazo uhlala e-Orenburg - emihlanu eziyinkulungwane nengxenye abantu.

Ngo Orenburg kukhona ezikhumbuzo eziningi elalinikezelwe isiko nomlando Bashkir abantu. Inhlokodolobha yesifunda kuyinto Caravanserai lesikhumbuzo. Lesi sakhiwo emlandweni futhi yokwakha, elakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Isakhiwo yayakhiwe iminikelo. It kwaku yokuhlala induna Bashkir ibutho. Kwakukhona lwamahhotela Bashkirs, abavakashele njalo Orenburg ebhizinisini. I uqobo eziyinkimbinkimbi siqukethe Bashkir abantu endlini lamaSulumane. Umbhali Iphrojekthi yokuqala - wezakhiwo Alexander Bryullov, ezahlela isitayela isakhiwo main ngaphansi bendabuko Bashkir emzaneni.

Phakathi Yombango Caravanserai kwaba yokuhlala kahulumeni Bashkiria. Ngo-1917, emhlanganweni, kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula ukuzimela indawo Bashkurdistan, okwakunzima ukungena kanye nesifundazwe Orenburg.