Amagama amapuleti elikhulu Earth. Izinguqulo iplanethi ukwakheka

benza amazwekazi neziqhingi kanjani? Yini enquma igama amapuleti enkulu Ngomhlaba? Lapho benza umhlaba wethu?

Indlela Bonke baqala?

wake ngamunye uye wazibuza ngemvelaphi iplanethi yethu. Ukuze bantu abakhonze inkolo ilula: UNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba ngezinsuku ezingu-7 - inkathi. Ziyakwazi sigxilile inkolelo yabo, ngisho nokwazi amagama ezinkulu amapuleti lithospheric, kwakheka ngenxa ukuvela surface iplanethi sika. Kubo, ukuzalwa isiphephelo sethu - ke kuyisimangaliso, futhi akukho-agumenti geophysicists, ososayensi futhi izazi zezinkanyezi abakwazi ubabonisa ngenye indlela.

Nokho, ososayensi unombono ohlukile esekelwe imibono eyayisinesikhathi nekucabangela. Imeeno bona zithi push kanye ukukhululwa pridumavayut emhlabeni igama. slabs Iningi enkulu Umhlaba nako.

Kuleli qophelo akwaziwa ukuthi ukuzimelela kwethu khona, kodwa kukhona okuningi imicabango yabantu ezithakazelisayo. Lokho izazi yavumelana ngazwi-linye ukuthi uma kwakukhona giganstsky olulodwa ezwekazini ngenxa izinhlekelele kanye zemvelo ezingxenyeni ihlukaniswe. Futhi, ososayensi baye beveza hhayi kuphela igama amapuleti enkulu eMhlabeni, kodwa futhi ukubonakala encane.

Theory on the esengozini fantasy

Ngokwesibonelo, U-Immanuel Kant futhi Per Laplas - ososayensi evela eJalimane - ayekholelwa nawukuthi indawo yonke sibuya esigaxeni gaseous Nomhlaba - le planethi kancane kancane epholisa, uqweqwe kuyinto - Ayive imnandi ebusweni chilled.

Omunye usosayensi, Otto Yulevich Shmidt, wayekholelwa ukuthi ilanga lapho sidlula ingxenye igesi-uthuli ifu ethumba ngemuva. Inguqulo yakhe wukuthi Earth wethu kwaba izidakamizwa neze oncibilikisiwe ngokugcwele futhi ekuqaleni kwaba iplanethi abandayo.

Uma ukholwa ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela usosayensi waseBrithani Fred Hoyle, ilanga inkanyezi-ayiwele naye, okuyinto yamila like supernova. Cishe zonke izingcezu ephonswa amabanga omkhulu futhi nenombolo elincane asele uzungeza ilanga yaphenduka iplanethi. Enye yalezi izingcezwana futhi baba sombuso isintu.

Inguqulo njengenhlangano Axiom

Livela ezivamile yomlando Umhlaba simi ngale ndlela:

• Eminyakeni engaba ngu-7 billion edlule kwakheka iplanethi abandayo eyinhloko, bese imithombo yayo kancane kancane waqala ashisise.
• Khona-ke, ngesikhathi okuthiwa "inyanga engu" evutha lava ashisayo batheleka omningi kwamanzi. Lokhu kwabangela ukwakheka emoyeni eyinhloko kanye Umfutho ukwakheka uqweqwe - lithosphere.
• Ngenxa emkhathini iplanethi eyinhloko uvele izilwandle, lapho umhlaba wambozwa igobolondo obukhulu, emelela zezinkulumo yasolwandle kanye ziboya ezwekazini. Ngalezo zinsuku endaweni amanzi luvame kakhulu kunalezo ndawo. By the way, eMhlabeni uqweqwe kanye engenhla isiphuku ubizwa ngokuthi lithosphere, esiyingxenye amapuleti lithosphere ezakha jikelele "ukuma" Zomhlaba. Amagama slabs enkulu zivumelana isikhundla salo ezindawo.

yokuhlukanisa giant

Njengoba amazwekazi kwakhiwa futhi amapuleti lithospheric? Eminyakeni engaba ngu-250 million edlule Umhlaba wabheka ngempela okungalungile, njengoba manje. Khona-ke le planethi eyodwa kuphela, ngokufanayo nje, izwekazi giant ngokuthi Pangea. endaweni kwayo ngokuphelele kuyinto umxhwele futhi ilingana endaweni zonke amazwekazi ekhona manje, kuhlanganise neziqhingi. Pangea nxazonke by olwandle, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i Panthalassa. Lokhu ocean omkhulu matasa lonke ebusweni kule planethi.

Nokho, ukuba khona supercontinent yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ngaphakathi Umhlaba seethed izinqubo, okwaphumela ketshezi isiphuku yaqala ukusakaza kuzo zonke izindawo, kancane kancane esisuka ezwekazini. Ngenxa yalokhu, Pangea lokuqala disengaged ibe izingxenye 2, ukwakha amazwekazi amabili - Laurasia futhi Gondwana. Khona-ke amazwekazi kancane kancane ahlukaniselwe izingcezu eziningi, okuyinto kancane kancane baya ehlukile. Ngaphezu amazwekazi entsha, uvele amapuleti lithospheric. Kusukela isihloko amapuleti ngobukhulu kuyacaca kuziphi izindawo engimbumbile giant emifantwini.

Izinsalela Gondwana - Ngalokho siyazi Australia futhi Antarctica, kanye South Africa kanye ne-African lithospheric amapuleti. It is wafakazela ukuthi lezi amapuleti nasesikhathini sethu kancane kancane washintsha - kusukela isivinini ukunyakaza 2 cm ngonyaka.

Shards Laurasia yaphenduka plate amabili lithospheric - North American futhi Eurasia. Kulokhu, i-Eurasia yayigcwele akuyona kuphela kusuka insalela Laurasia, kodwa futhi ingxenye Gondwana. Amagama slabs enkulu ukuthi yakha i-Eurasia yayigcwele - Hindustan, Arabian futhi Eurasia.

Ngo ukwakheka nezwekazi Eurasia ngokuqondile Afrika. ipuleti wakhe lithospheric kancane ukuthuthela eduze Eurasia, ukwakha izintaba namagquma. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu "umfelandawonye" Kwavela Carpathians, izintaba zasePyrenees, Ore Mountains, ezintabeni zase-Alps Sudetenland.

Uhlu amapuleti lithospheric

Amagama amapuleti ngobukhulu zimi kanje:

• South American;
• Australian;
• Eurasia;
• North American;
• Antarctic;
• Pacific;
• South American;
• Hindustan.

Plates owayemude medium - yilezi:

• gum;
• Nazca;
• Scotia;
• Filipino;
• kakhukhunathi;
• Strait of Juan de Fuca.