Imininingwane theory

imiqondo Basic kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela yethulwa kuleli forties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, Shannon. Imininingwane theory - isayensi inqubo ngokudlulisela, ukugcina kanye ekubuyiseni idatha kumasistimu zemvelo, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi. In izicelo eziningi wesayensi ezifana computer science, yezilimi, indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo, ukulawula theory, processing image, izakhi zofuzo, Psychology, ezomnotho, inhlangano izindlela zokutshala asetshenziswa kule isayensi.

Ezimweni zanamuhla ngolwazi theory uvalwe kakhulu exhumene umbono esephepheni, acoce izinkinga ezivamile sokuhambisana phakathi isignali futhi umyalezo, futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela signal processing, lapho quantization wafunda izimpawu yokutakula futhi Spectral futhi ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa yalo.

Imininingwane theory ibheka Umqondo oyisisekelo "Imininingwane" ingxenye enkulu quantitatively, ngaphandle kucatshangelwa inani layo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lutho. Kulesi indlela, ikhasi umbhalo sizoqukatha cishe esilinganayo idatha kunqunywa eziningi izimpawu kanye nezimpawu, futhi akuxhomekile yokuthi, empeleni, lapho libhalwe, ngisho noma kuba ngokuphelele isethi olungenangqondo esingalawuleki ezinye izimpawu.

Le ndlela kuyafaneleka, kodwa kuphela sekulingisa zokuxhumana, ngoba kufanele adlulisele ngokunembile ulwazi iziteshi zokuxhumana, okungase iyiphi isethi izinhlamvu kanye nezimpawu. Khona-ke, lapho kudingeka acabangele ukubaluleka kanye nencazelo idatha, indlela ambalwa akwamukeleki. Lezi izimo zibeka imingcele eningi enkundleni kwesicelo okungenzeka lo mbono.

Kubaluleka Imininingwane theory kuhilela ukucabangela ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ngokuqondile walandisa ukuwudlulisa reception kwemininingwane. The main zokuxhumana scheme, okuyinto kubhekwa emfundisweni kanje. Imininingwane Ulwazi Coding Sicabanga ngalokho ukuthi lawa umthombo imilayezo, okuyinto igama noma isethi emagama labhaliwe kwezinhlamvu ezithile zama-alfabhethi. Umthombo umyalezo kungaba umbhalo kunoma zemvelo noma ulimi yokufakelwa, ulimi lwabantu, uhla olusohlelweni lwekhompuyutha kanye ezinye onobuhle zezibalo, udala ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu. Transmitter oguqula isigijimi sibe isiginali elihambisana uhlobo ngokomzimba wesiteshi zokuxhumana - ophansi isignali yokudlulisela. Phakathi ukudlula enjalo singaphansi ukuphazamiseka, okuyinto ukwethula ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela ukubaluleka kwemigomo ulwazi. I umamukeli uyalulama ngokunembile isigijimi sokuqala kusukela wathola isignali uhlanekezelwe. Umlayezo ifomu encishisiwe kuziwa uya khona - umuntu othile noma idivayisi lobuchwepheshe.

umthombo mlayezo kwezibalo ngokwemvelo, isb ukubukeka womyalezo ngamunye kunqunywa okungenzeka ezithile. Shannon sika Imininingwane theory ikholwa ukuthi uma indlela ematfuba umyalezo ilingana yokwakha ubumbano, okungukuthi, ukubonakala kwakhe kakhulu nokungaqiniseki akakholelwa ukuthi ongaqhubeki noma yiluphi ulwazi.

Enye yezinkinga ezibalulekile kolwazi theory ibheka kokuxhumana zokuxhumana wesiteshi Imininingwane izakhiwo umthombo umyalezo. Komkhawulokudonsa kunqunywa iyunithi 1 kancane ngomzuzwana.

Enye inkinga zokuxhumana kukhona ukuphazamiseka kuya wayefisa isignali endleleni. Shannon, ngeshwa, akasinikeli izindlela ethize sisebenzelana nalabo. The elula ukususwa indlela ukuthi imiyalezo ephindiwe izikhathi eziningi akuzona ephumelela kakhulu ngoba kuthatha okuningi izindleko isikhathi yokudlulisa ulwazi. Okuningi ngekhono elingcono evumela ukusetshenziswa amakhodi akuvumela ukuthola amaphutha efanele ukudluliswa kwedatha.