Imihlola Magnetic. imihlola Magnetic ngokwemvelo

Ukuxhumana kazibuthe lezinto - omunye izinqubo lasisekelo elawula indawo yonke. Kubonakala zako - kuyinto imihlola kazibuthe. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Northern Lights, kukazibuthe Luhambo Kungazelelwe, iziphepho ezinamandla kazibuthe, nokunye. D. ingabe kuvela kanjani? Waphawuleka ngani?

uzibuthe

Imiphumela kazibuthe kanye izakhiwo kanye okubhekiselwe uzibuthe. khona labo laziwa isikhathi eside. Kusolwa ukuthi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, amaShayina baye basebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwakha ikhampasi lokuzula nemikhankaso asolwandle. Ukwenza ucwaningo futhi sina ukufunda ngokomzimba mkhuba kazibuthe waqala ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX. Omunye wabacwaningi lokuqala kulo mkhakha ubhekwa Hans Oersted.

imihlola Magnetic singenzeka kokubili Isikhala emhlabeni, futhi kukhonjiswa kuphela kuze kube sezingeni kazibuthe. kuphakama Amasimu anjalo kusuka amacala kagesi. Lapho amacala zisekhona elibazungezile inkambu kagesi. Lapho beyikhipha - kazibuthe.

Okungukuthi, magnetic field kwenzeka nge ukubukeka i kagesi noma kushintshana ensimini kagesi. Lona esifundeni isikhala ngaphakathi lapho amandla ezithinta odonsa futhi babashayeli kazibuthe. It has isiqondiso ayo, kunciphe njengoba ibanga kusuka lwaluvelaphi - umqhubi.

odonsa

Umzimba emhlabeni lapho amandla kazibuthe ibizwa ngokuthi uzibuthe. Emincane kakhulu kwalokhu electron. Ukukhangwa we odonsa - emvelo imihlola edume kunazo kazibuthe: uma ubeka odonsa ezimbili ndawonye, kuyofakazela bakhangwe noma wacasulwa. Zonke ndaba endaweni zawo ezilinganiselwe komunye nomunye. uzibuthe ngamunye has izigxobo ezimbili: nasenyakatho naseningizimu.

Thanda izingongolo dudula futhi ngokungafani abathandekayo, kunalokho, bakhangwa. Uma baliqume ezimbili, enyakatho nezingongolo eningizimu kungukuthi ahlukaniswe. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola odonsa ezimbili, ngayinye neliyoba-pole ezimbili.

Kunezindlela eziningana izinto babe izakhiwo kazibuthe. Lezi zihlanganisa yensimbi, ayibe, nickel, steel, njll Phakathi kwabo kukhona ketshezi, Alloys futhi chemical compounds. Uma odonsa ukuba ubambe eceleni kukazibuthe, bona bona babe.

Izinto ezifana yensimbi okumsulwa, kulula ukuthola mhlaba, kodwa zithethelelwe ngokushesha kuye. Okunye (isib steel) kuthiwa uzibuthe eside, kodwa kugcine umphumela isikhathi eside.

magnetization

Siye sathola ukuthi kuphakama kazibuthe e ukunyakaza izinhlayiya icala. Kodwa onjani ukunyakaza kungaba mbuzo, isibonelo, isiqeshana yensimbi ukulengiswa wesiqandisi? Zonke izinto ezinama-athomu, futhi lapho izinhlayiya ezihambayo.

athomu ngalinye has ensimini yayo kazibuthe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinto, lezi amasimu iqondiswe ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, elibazungezile akudali insimu enkulu. Izinto ezinjalo abakwazi ukuba uzibuthe.

Ngamanye izinto (yensimbi, ayibe, nickel, steel) ama-athomu lingakhiwa ukuze konke kuzoba luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa emhlabeni Imininingwane kazibuthe kanye umzimba uzibuthe.

It kuvela, le magnetization zomzimba - lokhu ukuhleleka izinkambu zama-athomu yakhe. Ukuze unqamule lokhu ukuze unamandla ngokwanele ukuba amshaya ngesando. Ama-athomu omoya Fields uqale ukunyakaza okungahleliwe futhi ulahlekelwe izakhiwo kazibuthe. Kungokufanayo kwenzeka uma into ukufuthelana.

lokungeniswa kazibuthe

imihlola Magnetic elihlobene ne ezihambayo amacala. Ngakho, emhlabeni umqhubi nge kagesi kazibuthe ngempela kwenzeka. Kodwa kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube yiyo indawo engaphephile? Lo mbuzo wake wabuzwa i-physics IsiZulu Maykl Faradey futhi wathola lo mkhuba lokungeniswa kazibuthe.

Waphetha ngokuthi emkhakheni njalo Ingabangela i kagesi, futhi AC - ikani. Yamanje kwenzeka somshini esivalekile futhi amandla kazibuthe libizwa lokungeniswa. Amandla electromotive ngaleyo ndlela kuzohluka silingane Isivinini insimu ayithenga ogcwele wesifunda.

Faraday Opening kuye kwasusa umgoqo yangempela futhi esiye saletha izinzuzo eziningi abakhiqizi engineering kagesi. Siyabonga kuye, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola wamanje kusuka amandla lokukhanda. Mthetho ngokukhishwa ososayensi isicelo futhi asetshenziswa kudivayisi izinjini kagesi, ugesi ahlukahlukene, Transformers, njll

ensimini eMhlabeni magnetic

Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn kanye Uranus has kazibuthe. Iplanethi yethu - iyathinteka. Ngo impilo ejwayelekile thina bi phawula ke. Akukhona eziphathekayo, ayinakho ukunambitheka noma ukuhogela. Kodwa lihlotshaniswa imihlola kazibuthe ngokwemvelo. Ezinjalo njengoba aurora, iziphepho magnetic noma izilwane magnetoreception.

Eqinisweni, i-Earth omkhulu, kodwa hhayi enamandla kakhulu uzibuthe, esesikhundleni izigxobo ezimbili musa kuhambisane womhlaba. imigqa Magnetic ephuma isigxobo eningizimu iplanethi futhi ayingxenye North. Lokhu kusho ukuthi (isigxobo eningizimu kuboniswa ukuthi kungani West ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - S, futhi ebomvu ibonisa isigxobo enyakatho - N) empeleni isigxobo eningizimu Earth isigxobo enyakatho uzibuthe.

Amandla kazibuthe ubabonisa amakhulu amakhilomitha ebusweni kule planethi. It ukhonza njengomdala Dome ongabonakali ibonisa ukuthi Galactic enamandla futhi emisebeni yelanga. Phakathi izinhlayiya ukushayisana emisebeni nge igobolondo Zomhlaba, kanye izenzakalo eziningi kazibuthe akhiwa. Ake sibheke edume kakhulu kubo.

iziphepho kazibuthe

Iplanethi yethu kakhulu ukuthonywa ilanga. It hhayi kuphela usinika ukushisa nokukhanya, kodwa futhi wenza okunjalo izenzakalo ezingemnandi kazibuthe ezifana iziphepho. Umbala wawo ehlangene ukwanda umsebenzi elanga futhi izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi inkanyezi.

Umhlaba njalo ukuthonywa ukugeleza izinhlayiya ionized ukusuka elangeni. Athuthela ngesivinini 300-1200 km / s, futhi izimpawu njengoba ama-solar wind. Kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile ku-inkanyezi ekushayweni inombolo enkulu elandayo lalezi zinhlobo okungazelelwe. Ayakwenza igobolondo eMhlabeni njengoba ibutho ukusunduza futhi kazibuthe iyashintshashintsha.

Kugcine iziphepho ezinjalo ngokuvamile izinsuku ezintathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ezinye izakhamuzi iplanethi bethu ababhekana nokuhlukumezeka. Ekushintshashintsheni igobolondo kubonakala kithi ikhanda, ingcindezi kanye ubuthakathaka. Ekuphileni kwalo konke, umuntu ahlangabezane ngokwesilinganiso iziphepho 2,000.

izibani enyakatho

Kukhona futhi kujabulise imihlola kazibuthe ngokwemvelo - izibani enyakatho, noma i-aurora. It kubonakala njengoba skyglow ngemibala oguqukayo futhi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi zindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu (67-70 °). With solar umsebenzi waphawula Ukubengezela eqinile futhi ngezansi.

Babalelwa ku-64 amakhilomitha ngenhla izigxobo solar icala kuyizinhlayiyana imingcele zenzeka enenkambu ezikude kazibuthe. Nazi ezinye zazo ithunyelwa izigxobo kazibuthe Zomhlaba, lapho uxhumana yamagesi asemkhathini, futhi kungani kukhona ukukhanya.

Emission spectrum incike yokwakheka emoyeni futhi sparsity yayo. ekushayweni Red kwenzeka ezingeni ukuphakama 150 kuya 400 amakhilomitha. imibala Blue and green ezihlobene ne wokuqukethwe lelisetulu umoya-mpilo kanye nitrogen. Bona kwenzeke endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha angu-100.

magnetoreception

Isayensi eziyisisekelo ukuthi etadisha imihlola kazibuthe - Physics. Nokho, ezinye zazo kungabanga eziphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwela kazibuthe eziphilayo - ikhono lokuzwa kazibuthe Zomhlaba.

Lesi sipho esiyingqayizivele emimoya izilwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi zinhlobo ezifudukayo. Amandla magnetoreception ezitholakala amalulwane, amajuba namahobhe asendle, amakati, izinyamazane, ezinye amagciwane kanye nokunye. D. Kuyasiza izilwane uzulazule isikhala bese uthole emizini yabo, kuwo amashumi amakhilomitha.

Uma umuntu isebenzisa ikhampasi orientation ke izilwane zingamathuluzi kungokwemvelo. Ukuze sithole kahle kanjani futhi kungani okusebenza magnetoreception, ososayensi abakwazi okwamanje. Kodwa kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi amaphuphu ziyakwazi ukuthola indlu yakho, ngisho noma ususe kuwo amakhulu amakhilomitha, ukuvala ngesikhathi inyoni efanayo ebhokisini emnyama ngokuphelele. Turtles thola okwazalelwa zabo ngisho nangemva kweminyaka.

Ngenxa "ayizikhondlakhondla" yakhe izilwane silindele mlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, iziphepho nezinye izinhlekelele. Ziyakwazi mncane nokuzwakala kunyakaza e kazibuthe, okuyinto kwandisa ikhono nekutilondvolota mine.