Imicabango "Izifo" ingakubulala

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu beqaphela ukuthi lo muntu nokulindela isifo kungaba yingozi njengokushayela igciwane uqobo. Ngaphambili, Labelaphi ababenza Voodoo, engalimaza izisulu zabo, besebenzisa kuphela nethonya lokukholisa. Ngokufanayo, abantu abavamile, ikakhulukazi alarmists futhi umuntu izwele angezwa izimpawu ngempela ngenxa imicabango ngalesi sifo.

nocebo umphumela

Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bekhanda nelesabekayo okuningi izimpawu zingase zibangelwe by umphumela nocebo - uhluke ngokuphelele umkhiqizo ongenamuthi.

Kusukela Latin "placebo" kusho "Ngithanda", ngenkathi, njengoba "nocebo" - "Nginguye. Sizwisa" Nocebo ngokuvamile iba isizathu esenza abanye izindlu abizwa ngokuthi "baqalekisiweyo" kungani omakhalekhukhwini abangele ikhanda, futhi abantu abahlala eduze umoya amapulazi, akhononde umsindo enkeneneza ezindlebeni. Odokotela azikakwazi okwazi ukuyichaza ngokugcwele kokubili imiphumela. Yize ucwaningo placebo kaningi okuphambene layo akulula okuhlola, chaza futhi kuvimbele.

umphumela

Phakathi odokotela uya mass anecdotes mayelana esibulalayo nocebo umphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-XVIII kulesi sigameko esikoleni sobudokotela saseVienna iphutha: abafundi banquma ukudlala iqhinga on umsizi futhi wathembisa ikhanda kuye. Ingozi aboshiwe, novala amehlo akhe, wambeka phezu izikafula. Esikhundleni guillotine ngasentanyeni yakhe ngqo ehlisela abandayo, ithawula elimanzi. Umsizi ushonele endaweni yesehlakalo, eqiniseka ukuthi entanyeni yakhe wathinta umphetho the guillotine.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kulezindaba eyiqiniso ngaphezu kokwanele, odokotela, ososayensi nabacwaningi abaningi bakhetha ukugxila ekutadisheni placebo. izilingo eziningi namuhla zihlukaniswe kwamagatsha amabili - abanye abantu unikeze abanye imithi nezinye amaphilisi inert. Ngisho yalezo ziguli wathatha i-placebo yabonisa ukuba ngcono okukhulu kule ngokomzimba, udokotela likholwe ngokukholwa nokumethemba amandla okwelapha lesi sidakamizwa.

Nathi imiphumela ezimbili

Nokho, njengoba zonke uhlamvu lwemali kunohlangothi reverse, kanye namaphilisi inert kungabangela umphumela nocebo. Ngokwesibonelo, seziguli ezithola glucose noma amanye amalungiselelo ayinangozi inert wabonisa imiphumela emibi echazwe udokotela. Ngandlela-thile ukulindela negative ushayela ezifanele izimpendulo bokuphila. Ubuhlungu nesicanucanu kungaba hhayi kuphela phantom, futhi abe ngempela, izimbangela kulandeleke.

Esikhathini izincwadi zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ekwazisweni ka minyaka eyishumi edlule, umphumela nocebo usukela ngokucacile kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ekwelapheni Parkinson isifo 65% ezigulini wathatha imithi inert, wazizwa engemihle. Abaningi babo baphoqeleka ukuba bayishiye ukwelashwa ngoba ukusabela ezingokoqobo futhi yingozi-placebo, ngenxa okulindelwe nemiphumela engemihle.

Syndromes kanye nezimpawu

Ngokuvamile, nocebo kubangela syndromes subjective, ezifana bekhanda noma isicanucanu. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, umphumela ongemuhle okulindelwe esiboniswe uhlobo ukulunywa, noma ukuluma kwesikhumba kwesikhumba, kanye nezinguquko usukela kule ukuhlaziywa.

Enye ngesibonakaliso ebulalayo umphumela nocebo kungenziwa ecindezelekile umlando nesineke. Abaphethwe iziyaluyalu ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo, wanquma ukuzibulala waphuza zonke amaphilisi ami. Ngishintshe umqondo wakhe, wabiza i-ambulensi, esathola isiguli sisesimweni sokufa - umfutho ophakeme, yokushodelwa umoya emaphashini. Udokotela ukuba khona ufikile enkundleni watshela nesineke ukuthi anti-depressants lakhe ibingamashumi kuphela izibhebhe inert ngesisekelo ushukela. Ukufunda mayelana ukweqisa izidakamizwa ushukela, isiguli walulama ngokushesha kusukela ukushaqeka bokuphila.

ucwaningo

Kunzima ukuba singaphethi, ingabe kuleli cala, umphumela nocebo yokubangela ukufa lesiguli, kodwa odokotela abaningi bayavuma kwakungenzeka lokhu. UDkt Fabrizio Benedetti eTurin Medical School ukuskenwa ubuchopho iziguli 'eyayinegama izinkolelo kweseshini "umphumela nocebo. It kuvela ukuthi amathemba okuthi ukusabela okungekuhle oyenza hypothalamus - isifunda ubuchopho ngokushesha kakhulu basabela ezimweni eziyingozi, futhi nezindlala adrenal. Uma siqiniseka ukuthi uyosibonisa imiphumela engemihle futhi ningabesabi linesisindo ngokwanele, cocktail hormone ethakwa by ingxenye wahlanganyela zobuchopho futhi nezindlala adrenal, kungase kube kuhle imbangela yokufa.

ukusabalala

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ukusabalala "placebo omubi"? Izindlela eziyinhloko esiphelweni kwakhona, Isimanga siwukuthi, amahebezi nenhlebo. On isibonelo ukuhlola elandelayo olwenziwa Dr. Benedetti, ungenza ukuthi kanjani yingozi kungaba amahemuhemu.

Udokotela okunikelwe abafundi babo (abangaphezu kwekhulu) ukuya nokuhamba Alps. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi sokuhamba Benedetti watshela omunye wabafundi mayelana imiphumela emibi eziphakeme hypoxia (isifo kubonakala izimpawu ngabanye endaweni engamamitha amamitha ayizinkulungwane 3). Udokotela esibizwa eyodwa uphawu - a migraine. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, futhi ngesikhathi somkhankaso langempela, lolu lwazi landa phakathi abafundi, futhi wonke umuntu wezwa ngakho, baqala ukuzwa izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla uma ifinyelela ukuphakama 2500-3000 amamitha. Eqinisweni, engamamitha ukugula ububonisa ehlukile ngamunye, njengabesifazane ke kungcono ukuhlupheka, kanye uphawu oluvame kakhulu iphika ukukhathala anda.

Ngokusho ucwaningo kanye okutholwe odokotela, musa ukuyiziba uxhumano okusobala phakathi ukwazi isimo somzimba. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, umuthi ubekade iningi ithonya le-placebo, ezifana izintelezi, exorcisms nokugeza.

Ngamanye amazwi, imicabango emibi ngomthelela izinto ezithile, izinqubo, kanye nobuchwepheshe angase awuthelele kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile imbangela ukuqaliswa okulindele ezimbi. Vele imicabango njengoba omuhle nokukholelwa engcono kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono impilo.