Inkhulumomphendvulwano kaPlato "Idili": isifinyezo. "Idili" uPlato: ukuhlaziya

Kulesi sihloko sizocabangela inkhulumomphendvulwano "Idili", Uyoletha isifinyezo yakhe. "Pir" uPlato libhekisela uhlobo symposion (izingxoxo prandial). Ekuqaleni lolu hlobo izincwadi yaseGrisi yasendulo eside ngaphambi kokuzalwa wesazi sefilosofi. Phakathi yaseTroy neMpi, isibonelo, namaqhawe Homer sika udle, uphuze futhi "ingxoxo mutual", njengoba kuchaziwe "Iliad." Futhi "Odyssey" uhambo yemisebenzi protagonist ivezwa ngosizo indaba yakhe siqu ngazo ku umkhosi Alcinous, inkosi Phaeacians. Incazelo wedili eyenziwe Xenophanes - imbongi sefilosofi - e Elegy wakhe, naye incwadi.

Okwakushiwo igama lengxoxo

Izivakashi emva kokudla esindayo, waphendukela wecala. Yingakho igama elithi "Uchungechunge oluthi" isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi igama elithi "idili", elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukwabelana isiphuzo." NgesiGreki, igama "Uchungechunge" kaPlato futhi kuzwakala "Uchungechunge oluthi". Izingxoxo nezihlakaniphi Hellenic ngoba indebe yewayini ngokuvamile badlulisela icala tebuciko, unobuntu futhi zefilosofi izihloko. I eponymous "Idili", inkhulumomphendvulwano zefilosofi, futhi wadala uXenophon, odumile owayephila ngesikhathi uPlato futhi umngane wakhe.

The main theme futhi umqondo

Kuyini umcabango balo mbhali? Kafushane uhlole umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthumela isifinyezo yakhe. "Idili" kaPlato - inkhulumomphendvulwano, isihloko okuyinto - umcabango uthando nesibusiso. Ngokwezazi ezithile ubufakazi, ezikhathini zasendulo kwadingeka isihlokwana "I izinkulumo uthando", "On the Good" nabanye. Asikwazi ukusho ngokuthe ngqó lapho Wawuthi kanje ucezu. Kukholakala ukuthi cishe ukuphola yakhe - 379 BC. e.

nefilosofi kaPlato eside ngaphambi kokumiswa inkhulumomphendvulwano esebeké phambili siphethe ngokuthini ngemfundiso yokuthi imibono. UPlato bekulula ukuchaza lokho okushiwo ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba zisungule umbono komphefumulo womuntu. Incwadi "Idili" (UPlato), sifinyeto okuyinto sinesithakazelo, nje abazinikezele ekucaciseni le nkinga. Isazi sefilosofi ukholelwa ukuthi umqondo ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu - ekufuneni okuphakade ubuhle nobuhle, uthando ngasondelana nabo. Ephetha ukuhlaziya inkhulumomphendvulwano kaPlato "Idili", siphawula ukuthi siqukethe isethulo nesiphetho esifushane, kanye izinkulumo wamalungu ayisikhombisa zedili, ngosizo okuyinto lembula umcondvo lobalulekile.

ukungena

Plato esethulweni inkhulumomphendvulwano wakhe Apollodorus uchaza umhlangano Glaucon. Apollodorus Kugcine ucele ukukhuluma mayelana idili, esanikwa isikhulu engaba ngu-15 edlule endlini imbongi Agathon. Ngalesi idili kwakungekho inkulumo mayelana lothando. Apollodorus uthi awuzange kulo, kodwa luyakwazi mpendulwano ezenzeka lapho, namazwi Aristodemus, omunye wabahlanganyeli.

Apollodorus Landelayo ulandisa indlela Aristodemus ngengozi wahlangana uSocrates emgwaqeni. Isazi sefilosofi waya ehlezi ekudleni Agathon base benquma ukumema ukumshiya. Pausanias, omunye walabo wayekhona edilini, ngemuva kokuqala ababambiqhaza abamenyiwe ukuba ethule inkulumo behlonipha unkulunkulu uthando Eros.

ke Phaedra

Enkulumweni yakhe, Phaedrus wathi Eros, ngokuvumelana iziqinisekiso of Parmenides futhi Hesiod - omdala wonkulunkulu. Akazi nakwazi babe abazali. Ake amandla Eros asifani nanoma iyiphi enye. I lover ngeke ushiye isihloko beshisekela isiphetho sabo, intandokazi enhle ayefuna Sizokwenza onothando.

ke sikaPausanias

Wakhuluma iqiniso ukuthi akuyona inkinga njalo uthando ukukhangana sublime. Kungenzeka ezingcolile. Pausanias sithi kukhona Eros ezimbili, njengoba unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, okuyinto abaningi bayasiqaphela nonina ezimbili. Celestial Aphrodite - ngingowokuqala kubo, uyindodakazi Uranus. Encane (Aphrodite ndaba) - indodakazi uZeyusi Dione. Ngakho, kukhona ezimbili Eros - inhlamba kanye wasezulwini - okuyinto zihluke kakhulu nomunye.

uthando wasezulwini Noble - umuzwa ngendoda ehlakaniphile abesifazane sihle. Uthando olunjalo akakwazi ngokuthi nenkanuko engenangqondo. Kuyinto umuzwa yizicukuthwane lifanele. Lowo lalisibekela, konke kuvunyelwe, kodwa kuphela ingqondo nomphefumulo, ngenxa ukuphelela nokuhlakanipha, hhayi ngenxa umzimba. Umuntu onjalo enza izenzo ongenabugovu.

ke Eriksimaha

Okulandelayo Kwesinye isiqephu funny uchaza UPlato ( "Idili"). okuqukethwe Omfushane elandelayo yakhe. Jikela ukukhuluma emva sikaPausanias kwadingeka aye Aristophanes, bamahlaya abadumile. Nokho, wayedakwe kakhulu futhi akazange sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo hiccups. Igama waphasiswa Eriksimahu udokotela.

Enkulumweni yakhe, wathi hhayi kuphela umuntu ophila Eros. He is futhi yonke imvelo. Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ezimbili Eros, futhi kudingekile, ngoba okushiwo ukuphila ukuba silondoloze umuzwa ukuvumelana. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana imithi. Ngo umsebenzi wakhe udokotela ukunikeza ukulingana enempilo futhi ogulayo waqala. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana umculo ukuvumelana kwalo isigqi kanye umsindo. Kuyefana nasendleleni sezulu. emvelo ahlukahlukene (nomswakama koma, amakhaza nokufudumala) kuphela ukwenza unyaka obuningi, lapho "uhlangane" (e-sothando) nezinye "obunobunye" futhi ngasinye "ukhethe." Ngisho nokubhula umhlatshelo - izenzo inyunyana obunobunye wonkulunkulu nabantu.

ke Aristophanes

Khonamanjalo inwabi Aristophanes sihamba, bese ithatha phansi. Ibuye ichaze inkulumo UPlato ( "Idili"). Isifingqo amazwi ahlekisayo kuziwa ngokubhala ukuba inganekwane ukuthi abantu abaye owakhiwe umhlaba ezikhathini wasendulo, ayengamasentimitha androgynous - kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Babefanele 4 izingalo nemilenze, 2 umuntu, esasifuna zibheke, 2 namabhuzu izindlebe, nokunye. D. Lapho indoda ezisheshayo, wathuthela, isondo ugingqe ku nasemilenzeni 8.

Njengoba androgynous ziqinile kakhulu futhi engakuthandi ukucasula yakhe ngokuthi uZeyusi, owayala Apollo uthathe 2 hlangana neengcezu ngamunye wabo. isigamu yabesifazane futhi amadoda behlakazeka emhlabathini. Nokho, inkumbulo zokuxhumana odlule kuye kwavula abantu yisifiso nomunye ukuze ubuyisele nokuligcwalisile wangaphambili.

Aristophanes ephetha ngokuthi Eros - the hlangana neengcezu isifiso nomunye ukubuyisela isimo sokuqala nobuqotho bazo. Nokho, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma ngihloniphe onkulunkulu, sengathi onkulunkulu bayakwazi usike yobubi babantu zibe yizicucu ngisho ezincane.

Thina uqhubekele inkulumo Agathon futhi ukwethula isifinyezo yayo. "Idili" kaPlato - inkhulumomphendvulwano okwenzeka ekhaya lalo muntu othize.

ke Agathon

Inkulumo edilini ngemva Aristophanes ophethe imbongi Agathon, umnikazi wendlu. Ngentshiseko asankondlo lapho incoma Eros Izakhiwo ezilandelayo: nezimo of umzimba, isisa, intsha okuphakade. Ngokusho Agathon, unkulunkulu uthando akakubekezeleli umbhejazana kubangelwa passion yabo. Ukuzizwa luhlata engqondweni womuntu, ishiya yakhe kuze kube phakade. Eros Unikeza isibindi, ukuhlakanipha, ubulungisa, ukuhlakanipha, indoda. Agathon ukholelwa ukuthi uthando - the uyakufanelekela iningi abaholi. Lokho wonke amadoda kufanele bamlandele.

ke uSocrates

Incwadi "Idili" (UPlato), mhlawumbe okuthakazelisa kakhulu iyona inkulumo USocrates. Namazwi ashiwo Agathon, kwasusa aphendule ngamazwi aqatha izethameli. USocrates naye uyamncoma, Nokho, ukuze inkulumo yakhe ishuthiwe futhi azibamba ukungqubuzana imbongi. Isazi sefilosofi Okuxakayo uphawula ukuthi yokuvalelisa - the isichasiso nendaba yakhona lenqwaba izimfanelo ezinhle, hhayi ucabanga yokuthi ngabe into noma cha. Isazi sefilosofi uthi uzimisele ukukhuluma iqiniso lodwa mayelana Eros.

USocrates, enkulumweni yakhe ukuba maieutics resort - indlela dialectical, eyayithandwa kubo. Umbhali uchaza kanjani, inkhulumomphendvulwano Agathon abuye abute imibuto ngekhono oxhumene, isazi sefilosofi kancane kancane nokuphoqa interlocutor ukunikeza lokho ayesanda kukusho.

USocrates lithi uthando - unesifiso esijulile yomuntu lutho. Nokho alangazelela kungenzeka kuphela uma uhlangabezana lesi sidingo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi okungesilo ngokwakho. Njengoba Eros - uthando ezinhle nobuhle ke kusobala ukuthi engalali ezinhle nobuhle. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi lo nkulunkulu okumbi uthukuthele, ngoba Luhambo nengagwemeki umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya ezinhle. Kunalokho, Eros liphakathi kuka kwalezi zinhlangothi ezimbili ezeqisayo. Akanawo ukuphelela kokuphila, ngakho avame ke. Futhi uma engazihlanzi ngidle leli ukuphelela, asikwazi ngokuthi noNkulunkulu. Ngakho wayeyisazi uthando - kungcono endaweni ethile phakathi ofayo futhi nenhlalakahle ongafi. Ukuhlala phakathi wonkulunkulu nabantu, Eros sibopha kuya isimo saphezulu lwesintu.

USocrates okwengeziwe utshela inganekwane mayelana nendlela lo Nkulunkulu wayezelwe. Lokhu kwenzeke emcimbini lokuzalwa engadini kaZeyusi Aphrodite. Ukukhulelwa iqhaza unkulunkulu Poros (Umcebo), ngilale kwi umpe oludakayo; kanye Ukucula abampofu (ubumpofu). Eros, kwazalwa nalokhu, abampofu, luhlaza lokho futhi ugly, kuhle kukamama. Nokho, esifisa ukugcwala, ephelele futhi enhle, sibonga izakhiwo kayise. Eros izimisele zonke izinhlobo izimfanelo ezinhle, hhayi nje ngenxa yobuhle, kodwa futhi ubuqhawe nesibindi. Yena siyafuna ukuhlakanipha singakutholi, ngakho anikezele ukuphila kwakhe ifilosofi, ukuhlala phakathi phakathi ukungazi ngokuhlakanipha. Phela, uma Eros wakwazi ukufunda okushiwo ukuphila, wayengeke qala ukulidla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela saphela silwele, ngokwezwi USocrates.

isigaba sabaphathi yezocansi siwachaza uyaqhubeka uPlato "Pir" inkhulumomphendvulwano. Ifilosofi uSocrates ngothando esiholela lonke uhlelo. Zibonisa ibonakalisa lo muzwa okwandisa izimfanelo zayo ezingokomoya. Falling in love kuphela emzimbeni, sithola isikhathi esithile umbono wobuhle, okuletha ndawonye bonke umzimba enhle ku uhlamvu olulodwa okuyenga. Nokho, ngokusebenzisa ke omunye kancane kancane uqala uthando ezingaphezu kuka umphefumulo, hhayi emzimbeni. Ngakho kukhona isithombe umphefumulo enhle. Isizathu (ayanda ingxenye yethu) emva kwesikhashana ngenxa yaleli wagxila ithatha bomele isayensi nokuhlakanipha. Kusukela umuntu wesayensi umuntu yabe isihamba umqondo Elihle, okuyinto kumkhawulo isifiso bonke abantu.

ke Alcibiades

Siyaqhubeka ukuchaza "Idili" inkhulumomphendvulwano kaPlato, sifinyeto onikelwa e isibuyekezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkulumo kumbhali mayelana nendlela edilini Alcibiades liqhumise. Muhle odakiwe, lizungezwe isixuku ka exokozelayo. Izivakashi emkhosini cishe akunakwenzeka ukuchaza okushiwo Alcibiades izingxoxo. Emenyelwa bengasheshi ukuveza imibono yayo phezu Eros. Nokho, ukufunda okuqukethwe inkulumo isikhulumi odlule, yena ngokuphelele bavumelana naye. Emazwini akhe ongawamukeli ukuqhubeka isihloko sothando e "Idili" umsebenzi kaPlato. Njengoba mbibi engeza mayelana Eros, Alcibiades enquma ukuba ethule inkulumo yokudumisa sefilosofi omkhulu USocrates.

Uqhathanisa lesi sefilosofi Nobumhlophe eqinile (nabangane Dionysus) nokusuka Mars, satyr amabi. Nokho, Alcibiades lithi lapho uyamlalela uSocrates, inhliziyo yakhe ishaya namandla, kodwa ngenxa amehlo akhe izinyembezi. Kungokufanayo kwenzeka eziningi kwabanye abantu. USocrates kwenza izinkulumo zakhe sihambe ekuphileni okusha futhi sigwema izenzo bengafaneleki. Amazwi saphezulu wesazi sefilosofi ungathola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo eyabuzwa labo abazimisele ukufeza izikhulu eliphakeme.

Singenabala futhi ukuziphatha USocrates. Alcibiades iqhaza naye nomkhankaso wempi, futhi umxhwele ubuqhawe wesazi sefilosofi nokukhuthazela kwakhe okukhulu ngokomzimba. USocrates esenzweni kwasindisa ukuphila kwakhe, abese ngesizotha wenqaba umklomelo ke. Lo muntu akafani nabanye abantu, basendulo nabanamuhla.

Plato ukunikeza emsebenzini wakhe-ke Alcibiades kusiholela bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto e uSocrates emelela izici "abangenamakhaya", "hhayi ngebhuzu", "anolaka", "ugly", elithi "ubumpofu", kodwa nolimi ekumxosheni "ephelele "futhi" enhle "ngqondongqondo. Ngalesi ekupheleni agumenti zefilosofi e inkhulumomphendvulwano "Idili" kaPlato, umthole oyoxoxa emfushane ukuhlaziywa kanye ekuhlaziyeni ezichazwe kulesi sihloko. It uhlala kuphela ukuchaza isiphetho umsebenzi.

isiphetho

Ngemva kwenkulumo Alkivida presents ivolumu elincane Ekuphetheni, okuyinto evala uPlato "Pir" inkhulumomphendvulwano. Isifinyezo kuyathakazelisa kancane ngefilosofi. Ulandisa ngendlela izivakashi ukuzitika kancane kancane washintsha. Lokhu kuphetha isifinyezo kuchazwe. "Idili" kaPlato - umsebenzi ngalo namuhla abaphendukela eziningi zefilosofi.