Imfundo: ukufunda imigomo, izinjongo, izimiso

Ezemfundo ilawulwa inqubo ihlelwe ngokukhethekile nokuxhumana phakathi uthisha nabafundi, okuhloswe ngaso nokwenziwa izinhlelo ulwazi kanye namakhono, kanye kumiswa isimo sengqondo abafundi, ukuthuthukiswa amakhono kanye namakhono self-ukuhlanganiswa ngokuhambisana nezinhloso okuhloswe.

Zokufunda. indlela ezingeni

Injongo yokuqeqeshwa - kuwumphumela kuhlelwe yenqubo yokufunda, ngoba eqinisweni, yilokho le nqubo uqondiswa. IP Podlas inikeza Izinjongo yokufunda umahluko ngemazinga lamatsatfu:

1. Political: ngenjongo yokuba enze njengoba into inchubomgomo yembuso emkhakheni wezemfundo.

2. Administrative: umgomo isu lokubhekana nezinkinga global yemfundo (ezingeni lesifunda noma Ezingeni lesikhungo).

3. Operations: injongo kubhekwa njengento Injongo nokusebenza ku ukuqaliswa ukuqeqeshwa ekilasini ethile kwebafundzi yenziwe ngohlobo oluthile.

Inkinga yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo yezinhloso yokufunda

Isisekelo Ukwahlukaniswa nomqondo izinhloso zokufunda yenqubo kuthiwa nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Kala emphakathini: jikelele / oyimfihlo, emhlabeni jikelele.

2. ratio takhiwo imfundo, unesibopho ukubeka kanye nokufeza kubo: isimo (ebekiwe namazinga isimo sezemfundo) imigomo obschevuzovskie, ubuhlakani, lombhishobhi nabanye.

3. Gxila ukuthuthukiswa substructures ezithile zobuntu: isidingo-ugqozi substructure, ngokomzwelo, engqondweni yethu bese volitional.

4. Incazelo Izinjongo Ulimi: ifomu kuncike-lomqondo, kuncike-dejatelnostnaja.

indlela Taxonomic B. Bloom

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, B. Blum inikeza siqu target ngezigaba zawo, sokunquma ukuqeqeshwa. Zokufunda wayebheka ngokuya taxonomies ethize (taxonomies). Eyokuqala kuhloswe ukudala taxonomy kwesizinda yobuchopho. Kuhlanganisa izigaba eziyisithupha imigomo:

- isigaba ulwazi (maqondana impahla ethize amagama zindlela, amaqiniso, izincazelo et al.);

- ukuqonda esigabeni (incazelo, incazelo, extrapolation);

- isigaba isicelo;

- zamagama isigaba (uhlelo lwentuthuko / isenzo uhlelo ubudlelwane abstract);

- ukuhlaziywa isigaba (interconnection nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano ukwakhiwa);

- kokuhlaziywa (ukwahlulela esekelwe idatha etholakalayo, kanye nenqubo yangaphandle).

Eyesibili igxile taxonomy affective sithombe.

Izimiso yokwakhiwa ukuqeqeshwa imisebenzi

NF Talyzina uphakamisa Ukukhetha inguqulelo isakhiwo nencazelo izinkinga ejwayelekile enqubeni yokufunda. Lezi imisebenzi ziboniswa yokwehlayo, ngokuba kokubili yokwehlayo izinjongo imfundo ephakeme. Izinga ngalinye linama focus ayo, kuye kwenkululeko Ochwepheshe amakhono esizayo.

izinga lokuqala

Izinga phezulu kuyinto imisebenzi ehlasela ukuthi kudingeka ukuba bakwazi ukuxazulula zonke izazi, kungakhathaliseki ikakhulukazi umsebenzi ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi izinjongo noma endaweni ahlala kuyo. Noma kunjalo, kungase kube ngenxa umlingisi okuqinisekile zomlando. Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sethu e linani lemisebenti ezifana yilezi:

- kwemvelo (ukunciphisa imithelela emibi uhlobo imisebenzi womuntu zezimboni noma ezinye, njll);

- Ngokuqhubeka inkinga post-kumiswa uhlelo (umsebenzi ngempumelelo ngolwazi - search, isitoreji, ukusetshenziswa isicelo al.);

- imisebenzi ehlobene uhlamvu lilonke amafomu evelele imisebenzi yesimanje (kumiswa oxhumana ngaphakathi eqenjini, ukuhlela kanye ukuhlela imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela, ukuhlaziywa ngokucacile we isici womuntu e inqubo ukubikezela imiphumela, kanye nabanye.).

isigaba sesibili

On ezingeni lesibili lwabelwe iqoqo imisebenzi zibhekene ngqo ezweni elithile. Ngokuphathelene kazwelonke ohlelweni lwezemfundo, lo eziphuthuma kakhulu kuba inkinga elihlobene ne-ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ubudlelwane emakethe (ucwaningo emakethe, azokwenza izifundo, search for abalingani ezifanele imithombo uxhaso, ukuthuthukiswa izimpahla ezimakethe ezifuywayo angaphandle, njll).

Futhi kulelizinga egqanyisiwe le emigomweni ukuqeqeshwa ezihlobene izinkinga ezingeni wezangaPhandle (amasiko kazwelonke kanye namasiko awo, ukuthuthukiswa besimo sengqondo ukubekezela isithwathwa imizwa kazwelonke, ukwenqaba ubuzwe futhi chauvinist izikhundla, njll). Ekugcineni, inhloso ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa for the professional yesimanje futhi kwetinhlavu amakhono ezimbonini-umraro, izinkinga zokuphatha kanye nezomnotho izimo setepolitiki emphakathini wanamuhla (yeningi ezombusazwe, emphakathini, ukuba izinkolo zibekezelelwe, njll).

izinga lesithathu

Izinga lesithathu yilona voluminous kakhulu futhi siqukethe imisebenzi okhokhelwayo. Nakubukwa jikelele, lemisebenti zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

- ucwaningo (amakhono okuhlela futhi befeza umsebenzi ucwaningo kulo mkhakha);

- esisebenzayo (ukuthola yi ikakhulukazi - ukwakhiwa zalesi sihlahla, incwadi edition, nokubekezela yokutakula al.);

- Pedagogical (efundisa a subject ethize esikoleni noma ukuqeqeshwa umsebenzi - isibonelo, uma kukhona mgomo wokufundisa limi).

Cabanga imigomo nezimiso yokufunda engu pre-school izingane.

izimiso eziyisisekelo imfundo zasenkulisa nohlelo lokuqeqeshwa

imisebenzi evamile ukuthi nokuchaza izinhloso ukufunda wokuqeqesha nokufundisa lezingane zasenkulisa kungenziwa umahluko kanje.

1. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wokuphila:

- ukulondoloza kanye nokuqinisa impilo yezingane, ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa zabo ezingokwenyama egcwele, silondoloze isimo esiqondile ngokomzwelo wengane; ukuqinisekisa imodi kosuku elihambisana engu futhi isimo somzimba wengane;

- obumba orientation ezibukwayo-lebatayilalela; ukwandisa futhi enothisa isipiliyoni lemizwa izingane; ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuqonda inkulumo omdala kanye nokuqalisa izinyathelo kahle phezu kwezinye zilindele inkositini inkulumo esebenzayo; ukukhuthaza ukufakwa in the self-inqubo ukwakha izakhi zokuziphatha, Ukuphendula ngokomzwelo silondoloze abathakazelelwayo nezingane.

- ukwakha Ingemuva bezibona tebuciko - ukuvusa isithakazelo izithombe, umculo, ukucula, njll, ukuze ehlelekile ahlaziye imiphumela ..

- neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ingane, afanele izinkomba ubudala.

2. Unyaka wokuphila wesibili:

- ukuqiniswa kanye ukuqina komzimba; ukuthuthukiswa motion eyinhloko uhlelo;

- kumiswa amakhono zokucathula nokuhlanzeka kanye self-service;

- silulumagama kanye isebenze isidingo zokuxhumana; inkanuko izinqubo kwengcondvo (bezibona, ukunakwa, inkumbulo, njll);

- kumiswa amakhono zokukhwabanisa ngezinto;

- ukwakha amakhono isiko ukuziphatha (bayakhonza, shiya, ukubonga, njll ...);

- Ukuthuthukiswa okuqonda tebuciko (Ukugcizelelwa umbala, ijamo, iphunga, njll ...).

- ukuthuthukiswa ukunambitheka zomculo.

3. Ngomnyaka wesithathu ka-ukuphila:

- nokuqinisa impilo; inqubo yamasiko nenhlanzeko

- kumiswa izakhi ukucabanga ebonwayo-engokomfanekiso; ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo engqondweni yethu;

- ukuthuthukiswa sezinzwa nakho;

- ukwakha ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana idivayisi nemithetho yawo engokwemvelo;

- ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma, ulwazimagama;

- ukukhuthaza izingane ukuba ukuxhumana nomunye; yokuqhuba imidlalo indima-ukudlala;

- ukuthuthukiswa okuqonda kwezobuciko.

4. ngomnyaka wesine ukuphila:

- impilo, lukhuni umzimba; okukhipha ukuma lesifanele; kumiswa asebenzayo motor umsebenzi;

- inkanuko isithakazelo sokuphila omdala, ukugxila izinto futhi izenzakalo of imvelo namasiko;

- ukuthuthukiswa ikhono ukuhlaziya zokucathula, ikhono ukuze usungule uxhumano elula phakathi imihlola kanye nezinjongo imvelo;

- ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma, ikhono ngokukhalipha ukwakha imisho;

- ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ukulalela, ikhono ukuqapha intuthuko isebenza (izincwadi, amakhathuni, njll ...);

- ukuthuthukiswa izethulo zezibalo aphansi (owodwa / sebuningini, okuningi / okuncane et al.);

- wokulolonga umbono omuhle ngomberego;

- ukuthuthukiswa isithakazelo tinhlobo letehlukene imidlalo, iqembu imincintiswano;

- ukuthuthukiswa yobuhle zomculo amakhono.

imfundo Lokuhlala ohlelweni lokufunda wengane

Ukuqinisa impilo yengane iyona ingxenye main eyisisekelo inqubo yemfundo kuwo wonke amazinga ubudala, enquma ukuthuthukiswa nokuqeqeshwa. Ukufunda Izinjongo ngqo inqubo yemfundo zingahluka. Ngenxa umbandela bazocula lobudala, kanye imininingwane nobe esifundvweni lesitsite zezemfundo. Ngokuphathelene ethize ukuze imfundo ngokomzimba, akukho ukuhlukahluka othize. Kulokhu, injongo ukuqeqeshwa - ngokuyinhloko kumiswa izindlela oluhambelana (zokuzivikela-oluhambelana amabutho - zamakhemikhali, ngokomzimba, njll) Futhi ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba wengane.

Izinto ukunciphisa Ukuvikelwa omzimba wengane zihlanganisa: indlala, ukukhathala, imizwa, ukwephulwa kwamalungelo umbuso kosuku. Izici ezandisa umzimba ozivikela: ehamba phezu emoyeni, tempering, isimo bejabule.

Ngakho, umsebenzi kathisha kulo mkhakha kuyoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwukudambisa futhi sinciphise umthelela ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba zezici ingane ukuthi buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni; futhi ngakolunye - ekuthuthukisweni kanye ukukhuthazwa zokuzivikela futhi eguquguqukayo amandla isidumbu sengane ngezithukuthuku Ukudla ihlelwe kahle, umsebenzi uhlelo ukuqina, isimo sezulu esibanda ngokwengqondo evumayo, njll, nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ezingalapheki, futhi alimaze zokuvimbela kanye nokuhlinzeka wokuqala pre-yezokwelapha .. ukusiza. Kubalulekile futhi acabangele izici of imvelo lapho umntwana, ukulandelwa kwezilinganiso inhlanzeko ohlelweni, okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kuqeqeshwe.

Ukufunda Izinjongo, izimiso lenjongo, Ngakho-ke, kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi zenhlalo-Pedagogical ngenxa ngqo imininingwane yalolu sphere wezemfundo, imiphumela elindelekile kanye umongo zenhlalakahle kanye zomlando.