Imbongi yasePheresiya futhi Sufi Dzhalaladdin Rumi: A Biography, lokusungula

Dzhalaladdin Rumi - imbongi yasePheresiya futhi Sufi, owaphila ekhulwini XIII. Kwabaningi, ukuthi ngaphansi kwegama Mevlana ezaziwayo. Lokhu esikweyoku futhi umeluleki, ogama imfundiso isibe imodeli zokukhula zokuziphatha. On biography nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa lesi sazi omkhulu sixoxa kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini Sufism?

Ukuze uqale, chaza kafushane ukuthi kungani Rumi ubhekwa imbongi Sufi. Iqiniso ukuthi Sufis nabizelwa abalandeli Sufism, Islamic ukunyakaza esoteric, okwakubekelwa libhekene ingokomoya okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ukuzila. Kuvele ekhulwini VII.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: Biography

Kwazalelwa khona imbongi mkhulu 1207 r emzini Balkh, okwakubekelwa Itholakala enyakatho banamuhla Afghanistan. Bach al-Din, Valad, uyise, kwaba ngaleso zemfundiso yenkolo isikhathi ezaziwayo. Wayethi akakholelwa umlandeli ngokomoya futhi kusekelwe endleleni ethile yokucabanga ye obuyimfihlo ezidumile Sufi Al-Ghazali.

Ngo-1215, Valad umkhaya bephoqeleka ukuba babalekele emzini lwakubo ngaphansi ibhaxa yokugogobala naseMecca. Okwenzeka empeleni ukuthi Rumi esatshwe ekujezisweni kungenzeka ku ingxenye Khorezm, ngokumelene nemigomo umshumayeli owayevame ukukhuluma nami.

Endleleni eya Rum, abahambi kwadingeka enze isinqumo esibonisa stop e Nashapure. Lapha wonke umndeni uhlangane wamazwi uFiruddin Attar, umshumayeli Sufi ezidumile uthisha. ngokushesha Attar wabona indodana yakhe Valad isipho mazwi, futhi wabikezela ikusasa omkhulu nje kuphela njengoba imbongi kodwa futhi njengoba umeluleki ngokomoya. Ngo sokuvalelisa, abasebancane Rumi uFiruddin ethulwa umuntu isipho esiyigugu kakhulu - ". The Book of Wezimfihlo ' Njengoba abahlukaniswanga Jalaluddin neze ukuphila konke zigcinwa njengoba eqolo.

Nokuthutha Bonke Egunjini

Kukhona indaba esenzeka eDamaseku. Ibn al-Arabi, odumile uthisha Sufi nokubona Rumi, owayehamba ngemuva uyise, wathi: "Bheka olwandle, elandela kwechibi."

Dzhalaladdin Rumi nomkhaya wakhe isikhathi eside ezulazulayo ngemva kwesokunxele Balkh. Ekugcineni Valad banquma ukuhlala emzini Konya, inhloko-dolobha Rum. Ngaleyo minyaka, lo muzi liye abe litheku zonke labo ababaleka amaMongol kuphangwa okwacekela phansi insimu Islamic. Ngakho kwaba khona eningi izimbongi, ososayensi, mystics nezazi.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ngokuba wayehlala lapha Rumi. Futhi maduze nje wahlangana nomunye Sufi osekhulile ogama lakhe lingu Shams al-Din,, ogama ukubukwa babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu kumiswa le nsizwa. Kungaba okhela Shams Jalal enhliziyweni kakhulu olunzulu futhi zonke-uthando ezingaqondakali, kamuva elaba ngesisekelo izinkondlo zakhe.

buka Rumi ku ukholo kuNkulunkulu

Dzhalaladdin Rumi wachitha isikhathi esiningi ukukhuluma Shams al-Din,, ukuthi ayikuthandi abalandeli okokuqala. Yaphela ukuthi Shams enikwa isigwebo sokufa futhi babulawa ngesihluku.

usizi Incredible kwamehlela Rumi, owashonelwa umuntu abaseduze bona. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi imbongi uye bati ngokoqobo nakakhulu. Wasala yedwa ubuhlungu nokufa, imbongi nomuzwa wokuthi ukungabi nabulungisa okunjalo kukhohlisa kanye nelunya. Wayelethwa ekuqaleni ukuhlupha imibuzo mayelana nendlela fair, kukaNkulunkulu onothando angase avumele ububi ezinjalo ukuba zenzeke emhlabathini, ngoba kungaphansi kwayo yonke, kodwa akwenzeki lutho ngaphandle intando yakhe.

Kulezi imicabango kancane kancane uqala ukwakha ngesisekelo ifilosofi Rumi. Imbongi Uyazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu lutho ngaphandle uthando lukaNkulunkulu okuyinto ngokwemvelo zase overpoweringly. Njengezinye nabalandela Sufism, Rumi sengqondo esingaqondile kakhulu imaginations bokusungula. Ngakho-ke, wayengasafuni izithombe, futhi kwenza ukuqhathanisa phakathi othandweni lukaNkulunkulu nasekubekezeleni isimo zokudakwa, okuholela ecstasy ubuhlanya. Rumi babekholelwa ukuthi ukungabi nandaba kweqiniso kuphela, bese uya nangale kwemingcele evamile kungaholela umuntu ikhono kweqiniso futhi esisangulukisayo ukuzikhulula ekugqilazweni rationality kanye nezobunhloli.

ithemba kuphela olungenamkhawulo khona (ekuphileni izinqubo) angavumela umuntu ukuzwa kalula kanye nenkululeko ukuphila futhi ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphila futhi konke okwenzekayo ke, kukhona kumithetho yabo engaqondakali, okuyinto logic, kodwa ayikho ngaphansi umqondo womuntu. Into esemqoka ukuthi udinga balukhulume indoda - ithemba nokwamukela ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela, ngoba ukuthi ingqondo enelukuluku, uzama ukuthola iphethini, ngeke ukubuyisa ukungabi nangqondo kuphela, kukhona ngokujulile ukubaluleka engcwele.

Umbuzo senkululeko yokuzikhethela

Dzhalaladdin Rumi, incwadi imbongi kuqinisekisiwe, ucabangisise inkinga senkululeko yokuzikhethela - kungakhathaliseki ngamunye wethu ikusasa lakhe, okuyinto inquma ukuphila kwethu konke okusele, noma ukuphila komuntu - abanalo nhlobo, lapho kungenzeka ukubhala umlando wawo waqondisa kuphela isifiso. Nokho, Rumi wayazi ukuthi akekho ihlala bakwazile ukuxazulula izingxabano nabalandela la maphuzu umbono, njengoba ngo yokucabanga enengqondo engenakwenzeka ukuthola impendulo yeqiniso. Ngakho-ke le mbhali wezinkondlo wayekholelwa ukuthi le nkinga uma liyogudluka endaweni engqondweni lapho "obusa inhliziyo."

Indoda egcwele uthando ngoNkulunkulu nangeNdodana okuhlanganisiwe olwandle jikelele yokuphila. Ngemva kwalokho, noma yini isenzo osenzile, ngeke ezakhe, ngabe zivela olwandle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuntu ebheka yena okuthile okuhlukene, kusenzima igagasi phezu kwamanzi. Kodwa kuwufanele ukubheka ngaphakathi, ukuze ujike kude ngaphandle, kugcila isikhungo esikhundleni azungeze, yena uzokuqonda ukuthi konke okukhona kuyinto ebumbene futhi ebalulekile. uthando Oluphelele futhi zonke omboze indoda ungaguqula kakhulu ukuze izimpikiswano eziye zahlupha kuye kusukela, zinyamalale bebodwa. Uqala ukuzizwa sebunyeni Ukuba ngokwayo, okuyinto ayinikeze umuzwa wokuthi lingachazwa ngokuthi "mina nginguNkulunkulu."

Sufi brotherhoods

Ngemva kokufa Shams Rumi waba esikoleni samabanga Muslim. Lapha isicelo indlela entsha ukuqeqeshwa - yethula abafundi Quran, usebenzisa isiko Sufi.

Attached kakhulu ukucula, ukudansa nomculo Dzhalaladdin Rumi. izinkondlo imbongi zibonisa umbono wakhe art: umculo ezazibonakala kuye obonakalisa imiculo ye sphere yasezulwini, okusho imfihlakalo obumangalisayo bendalo; umdanso Dervish uwukwenziwa samuntu dance amaplanethi, ukugcwalisa yonke ngenjabulo glee.

Phakathi nale minyaka, Rumi kwenza Sufi ubuzalwane Maulaviya, lapho umsunguli imfundiso inamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu. Inhlangano uzoqhubeka khona ngemva kokufa imbongi kanye kancane kancane zasakazekela ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Kwamanye amazwe Muslim, ikhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Abafowethu balamukela insizwa, ngemva Ukuqalwa akumelwe aphile emzini wezindela engu-3.

ukufa

Rumi wachitha iminyaka yokugcina umsebenzi jurisprudential nokudalwa etemibhalo. Imbongi washona ngo 1273 eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 66 emzini Konya.

Namuhla Dzhalaladdin Rumi neyaziwayo njengoba eyimfihlakalo okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni. imibono yakhe zefilosofi izimfundiso eziyisisekelo zazibonakala izinkondlo, okuyinto ecabanga ngendlela engcono zokubonga lwakho nothando saphezulu.

art Izici

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa okokuqala kwaba njalo Rumi. Lyrical "Umbhede" sifaka ehlukahlukene olusankondlo Rubaie, nezimvubu, qasida. Washumayela kubo umqondo wokuthi ukubaluleka kokuphila komuntu futhi icala sinqatshiwe, amasiko scholasticism Rumi Dzhalaladdin. "Nakuba le nkondlo mayelana incazelo efihliwe", ingxenye iqoqo "Masnavi", iningi ngokucace kubonakala lezi imibono.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinkondlo zalotshwa kohlaka ukukhohliseka zenkolo, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi zisho amazwi wamavukelambuso, ngisho ukusebenza kwabo.

"Masnavi"

Esikhathini esingeside ngakho edlule, uvele emashalofini incwadi "INdlela kugucuka. Sufi ngemifanekiso "(Dzhalaladdin Rumi). Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi lokhu akukhona umkhiqizo olulodwa, kodwa kuphela ingxenye inkondlo enkulu engakaze ibonwe-didactic, ababebalelwa amavesi mayelana 50,000, okuthiwa "Masnavi". Ukuhumusha kusho "couplet".

Kulesi umsebenzi, ngesimo yezinganekwane eziyizixwayiso nge kwehliswa kwelizinga lyrical futhi Rumi ngasuthi washumayela imibono yakhe. "Masnavi" lilonke elingaba ukubizwa encyclopedia Sufism.

Enkondlweni, akukho indaba eyodwa. Kodwa zonke izindaba bahlanganiswe isimo esisodwa, okuyinto lubonakaliswa couplets rhymed, abaneminyaka e isigqi esisodwa.

"Masnavi" ingenye kakhulu efundwa futhi ihlonishwe imisebenzi emhlabeni Muslim. Njengoba izincwadi emhlabeni, inkondlo alethwe Rumi isihloko enkulu imbongi-pantheist.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: izingcaphuno

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa izingcaphuno imbongi:

• "Ukuzalwa ukuze cruise wena. Kungani kufanele ibheke ukuze baziphilise? ".
• "Ungakhathazeki. Zonke elahlekile lizobuya kuwe sama ezahlukene. "
• "Ukuze aphindaphinda amazwi abanye akusho ukuqonda ukuthi asho ukuthini."

Naphezu nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinkondlo kanye ifilosofi Rumi uyaqhubeka ukujabulela ithandwa enkulu hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezizwe Muslim, kodwa futhi European.