Ukuhlonishwa amalungelo endawo ezinkantolo. ukubhaliswa kwemibhalo ubunikazi

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi nawabantu savela amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Futhi sonke lesi sikhathi, isintu siye sazama ukuthola indlela ephumelela kakhulu wesi yabo. In the search for ezihlukahlukene iziyisikhombisa kwethonya athuthukile nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Eyokuqala yalezi udlame. Kodwa ngokushesha abantu baqaphela umphumela wawo esibhubhisayo. Phela, ubudlova akunamthelela zokulawula. Kuyinto kuphela intando yezihloko abanye intando abanye. Yonke inqubo ubephelezelwa yokungezwani olunegazi phakathi balezi zikhungo. Ngakho-ke, ubudlova ngokushesha ngokuphelele. usesho babo obuqhubekayo baholela ukuvela inkolo njengendlela zokuqondisisa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Kodwa isici main negative kwaba meanness ngaye inani amasu ithonya ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba sobala ukuthi inkolo esikhathini esiningi efanayo bonke ngendlela efanayo enobudlova. Kodwa njalo zifunana namanje waletha abantu indlela efanele okungcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke yasungulwa kwesokudla. Le ndlela zokuqondisisa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana baba ukhiye futhi aye wasigcina isimo salo namuhla. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulawulwa yenziwa ngokusebenzisa amalungelo subjective anikezwa umuntu ngamunye eyedwa. Kodwa kaningi kakhulu lolu hlobo komthetho omunye isihloko kokuphazamisa abanye. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala kunesidingo ukuvikela amandla abo. Omunye wabo ilungelo impahla. Njengoba kuboniswa umkhuba umthetho, ngokuvamile kakhulu i- ku Russian Federation. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwakhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile yokuvikela, okungukuthi ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo impahla ezinkantolo, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini Impahla?

Abantu abaningi abaphila namuhla ku Russian Federation, abe ezingeni kuqhathaniswa eliphansi isiko lomthetho. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya eziningi ezingokomthetho futhi mikhakha ngabo engaqondakali. Isimo esifanayo ne umqondo kobunikazi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufunda izindlela zokuvikela kulesi sigaba embonini zomthetho, kubalulekile ukuqonda incazelo yalo classical. Kuze kube manje, sinjalo incazelo kwezomnotho. Ngokusho kwakhe, kwesokudla ubunikazi - iqoqo izinzuzo ukhonkolo kwizwe elilodwa kuncike ukuthi abangaba, ukuphatha, futhi usebenzise. Ibhizinisi oluphethe ngqo izinto ibizwa ngokuthi ngumnikazi.

isigaba wezomthetho impahla

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo impahla ngokusebenzisa izinkantolo eyenziwa umthetho iyonke. Ngamanye amazwi - kuba isigaba zomthetho. Ingqikithi Its ukuthi umuntu othize (wemvelo noma womthetho) inebanga ezithile amandla ngalo angaqalisa ukusebenzisa maqondana ilungelo labo. Lesi sigaba iqondiswa umthetho legatsha civil. Iningi amalungiselelo it is kuMthethosisekelo futhi Code Civil.

Sakhiwo ubunikazi

Yobunikazi izigaba ehlelekile. Ngenxa izingxenye zalo, kuba ekahle impahla kwesokudla. Ububanzi amathuba abantu angaqalisa ukusebenzisa maqondana lokhu noma lokhuya into, kuncike emakhono lamatsatfu lehlukene esihlobene, okuyilezi: ilungelo kulahlwa, ubunikazi kanye nokusetshenziswa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ethulwa emithathu isici isakhiwo kwamiswa abameli Roman ngisho lasendulo. Useke angilahlekelwe ekulenzeni libe namandla kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ukwephula amalungelo endawo

Kususelwa amalungiselelo ngenhla ethulwa ngakwesokudla sobunikazi, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi kuyinto ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isihloko nabo kungadinga bashabalala sokwephulwa kwe-yayo ezinye izinhlangano. Kodwa, njengoba sazi, futhi kwezinye izimo, uhlobo oluthile embarrassments namanje. Ngakho-ke, abantu bakhetha ukuvikelwa zokwahlulela efomini. Kwezinye izimo, ukususa nokwephulwa kwamalungelo impahla kuphela kunzima ngokwanele. kakhulu Iqiniso sokwephulwa kwe-ungaboniswa njengengxenye (ukungakwazi ukuba afeze yifa, ukulahlwa noma ukusebenzisa into), futhi ngokugcwele (ubunikazi ivinjelwe ngokuphelele). Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa okungagunyaziwe umhlaba kungukuphula amalungelo endawo.

Izindlela Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo impahla

Kumthetho wamademeshe, kunezindlela eziyisisekelo eziningana ukuvikela nokwephulwa kwamalungelo impahla. Lokhu uhla amandla akusho isikhalazo enkantolo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngumnikazi isihloko intambo bese bedlulisela amacala iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kuqinisekisa ngokunemba futhi kudinga mthetho lwezijeziso ezithile. Qaphela ukuthi objazatelstvenno izindlela zomthetho nesivikelo kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ngenxa kalula lokuqaliswa.

Ukuhlonishwa amalungelo endawo ezinkantolo

Ukuvikelwa yeKambiso ngendlela ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka ongavamile, komthetho we-civil. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi yangaphambili isetshenziswa uma umthetho ekhona woniwa inkampani yangaphandle inhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, civil umthetho ensimini - ungaphakathi kakhulu ubuhlobo lesibopho. Ngokuphathelene nenqubo zokwahlulela lapha into elungile alulame ngokusebenzisa izinkantolo Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo impahla ngokusebenzisa izinkantolo liyasetshenziswa nalapho umuntu, isibonelo, ungazange ubhalise ilungelo labo akuphikise ukusho inqubo esungulwe ngumthetho, futhi isiqinisekiso wangempela ukuba semthethweni amandla akhe lapho. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga wakhonza isitatimende kwesimangalo.

Isihloko, ngezizathu kanye izinhlobo ezinkulu izimangalo

Isitatimende kwesimangalo enkantolo, isampula okuyinto abekwe ngezansi, okufakiwe ngumuntu ukuze zizibonakalise zabo ukuba ngumnikazi, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuchithwa lokhu noma lokhuya into. Ezingeni zomthetho, nsuku ukhiye ukuze afake idokhumenti ezinjalo ekhotho uyilungiselelo eqondile the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, okungukuthi sihloko 12. Ngesisekelo izimo kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa isihloko amalungelo abo, kukhona ezimbili eziyinhloko izinhlobo izenzo, okuyilezi:

- replevin ekuthatheni isakhiwo nesibhamu esingekho;

- negatornogo isimangalo ukuqeda zonke izithiyo nazo ukuqaliswa namalungelo akhe yomnikazi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amasudi negatory nokulwelwa zazisetshenziswa eRoma lasendulo. hlinzeka Ngakho-ke abaningi izigaba zedatha, eqinisweni, lathathwa ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngaphezu izimangalo okufakiwe, kukhona izingxabano ethize civil, ku ukuqashelwa ubunikazi impahla ethile. Kufanele kubhekwe eceleni ngoba babe izici ezithile, kodwa okwengeziwe ukuthi kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Izici ukulwelwa isimangalo

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isitatimende kwesimangalo enkantolo, isampula okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi sihloko zingahanjiswa kwifomu negatornogo uphinde ufune nokulwelwa kwaKhe. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we temu imininingwane yayo siqu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi replevin wakhonza ukuqoqa izinto kusukela yomunye nesibhamu esingekho. Lesi sigaba zomthetho kwadingeka umthetho civil lasendulo Russian. Esikhathini esithile eRoma yasendulo kwakukhona yiluphi uvivinyo njengoba nokulwelwa kwaKhe. Isiphetho sendaba kwaba ukuthi umnikazi isihloko into onikezwe ke vindiktu (induku zemikhosi) ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwamandla abo. Nokho, wanikeza ubufakazi. ERussia lanamuhla, yebo, ningaphathi ludondolo enkantolo akudingekile ukusebenzisa, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo isimangalo uselokhu iyefana.

Kuncike ekutheni ukulwelwa isimangalo

ukuqashelwa inkantolo ilungelo ubunikazi Kwenziwa kuphela khona izimo ezithile. Uma bengekho, suit ukulwelwa ngeke ngisho kubhekwe enkantolo. Phakathi kwezimo ezinjalo zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

- Umnikazi inqatshelwe ithuba ngumnikazi yabo ingcebo. Lokho, eqinisweni, kwathiwa ayifakiwe uhla nohlaka yayo ngokomthetho.

- Property maqondana nalapho isimangalo liyalondolozwa ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, okungukuthi, it is asibhubhi noma kabusha.

- Ukuqashelwa yinkantolo kobunikazi Kwenziwa ukulindela ukuthi kuyinto igunya eliphelele.

Uma kungekho izimo ethulwa, inkantolo enesimangalo ngeke bakwazi ukwenza isicelo, ngoba nje akacabangi.

icala negatory

Ukuhlonishwa amalungelo endawo yinkantolo nakho kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa isigaba othize zenqubo njengoba icala negatory. Njengoba siqonda ke, nobukhulu bayo sihluke kakhulu nokulwelwa kwaKhe. Ngemva icala negatory - lesi sikhalazo enkantolo ukuze aqede izithiyo emthethweni besithathu ukuqaliswa ilungelo ubunikazi elilodwa noma kwenye into. Isibonelo zalezi zinkinga iwukuba Sinqanda ukufinyelela emininingwaneni izinto, okuyinto livikeleke Article 304 Code Civil. Ngaphansi kwalesi sifo baqonde ukungenzi lutho ekhubazekile noma yesenzo idala isithiyo oqondile enqubeni ukusetshenziswa, ukulahlwa kwezinto okungalawuliwe futhi ifa into. Ngakho, isicelo sokuqashelwa negatornogo uhlobo ubunikazi kuzovumela umnikazi ukuba ngakususi lawa macala.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi negatornogo izimangalo engamboziwe kwesikhathi imincele. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuvikela amalungelo abo i- ngesikhathi ukuthola lokuqala yikuphi ukuphulwa. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ifayela isicelo ukuqashelwa amalungelo endawo negatornogo amagugu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi isihloko naye unegunya lokuthola anxeshezelwe kusuka kumuntu isikhathi eside uvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa evamile izinto, uma ukuhlukumeza okunjalo kutholakele emva komonakalo.

ubunikazi indlu, efulethini noma impahla kwamanye

Siye ngaphambilini wabonisa ukuthi abanye ukuzungeza civil izinto babe ethize zabo futhi ngokuvamile adinga inqubo efana ukuqashelwa kobunikazi endlini, efulethini nokunye. N. Ukuze izinto zibala ingcebo. Ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo komhiaba ukwakha indlu, ifulethi, noma nezinye ingcebo uvame kudingeka ukuqaliswa ifa. Ngokwesibonelo, onikeziwe we Corny selehluleke zomthetho ticale yifa lakho akazange kufayela wonke amaphepha adingekayo ukuze ummeli olungisa izivumelwano. Kulokhu, ukuthi ufuna ukususa isikhalazo enkantolo isiqinisekiso amalungelo abo ngokwanele. Futhi, kunezimo lapho, isibonelo, indlu ngemali mazilidle zabantu eziningana, kodwa isihloko ungumnikazi eyodwa kuphela. Kulesi simo yokugcina angasebenza ukusebenzisa ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo komhiaba ukwakha indlu ngokususa ke kusukela nesibhamu esingekho. Yiqiniso, indlu kanye nendlu akuzona okukhethekile komhiaba, ezithinta ngqo ukuvikela amalungelo kubo. Inani elikhulu izingxabano kwenzeka nezinye izinhlobo ingcebo. I wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo we Russian Federation kusikisela ukuthi abantu njalo afake isicelo ukuze uqaphele ukuqashelwa kobunikazi egalaji kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezincane ingcebo.

Ukuhlonishwa ilungelo ubunikazi bezwe

Esikhathini esiningi abantu ibhekene nenkinga uma ubunikazi yabo yezwe nje ayibonwa. Eziningi zalezi exakayo bavele elizweni, eyayibonakala esikhishwe kwamaSoviet. Kulokhu, inkinga wukuthi abantu nje Akunamabhuku imibhalo yokubhalisa amalungelo isakhiwo 'omusha' we Russian Federation. Ukuze kulungiswe le nkinga, kufanele zisebenze izinkantolo, okuyinto yena, ngesisekelo obunye ubufakazi liyothatha isinqumo salo. Kulokhu, imibhalo yokubhalisa amalungelo impahla akuyona njalo kunesidingo. Kungenzeka uthole into ngesisekelo, isibonelo, omakhelwane ubufakazi namarisidi yokukhokha ngemuva 1991, nokunye. N.

Njengoba singabona, ukuqashelwa kobunikazi ifulethi noma indlu wehlukile inqubo efanayo lapho isihloko izenzo umhlaba. Kuyindida kodwa esimweni phansi noma ibuphi ubunzima zenqubo ukuze unqobe kalula.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni siye sazama ukuphendula umbuzo, uyini ukuba siqashelwe ngokomthetho amalungelo impahla. I wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo we Russian Federation abonisa ukuthi ukuthandwa civil indlela zomthetho ukuvikela amalungelo abo i-. Le nkomba kuyinto omuhle kakhulu, ngoba kubonisa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuzethemba zabantu bakuleli zwe zibhekane zikahulumeni.