Lisho ukuthini Duma State? Amalungu Duma State

Yini uMbuso Duma we Russian Federation? Yiziphi imisebenzi yayo nemithwalo yethu yemfanelo? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo uzonikezwa esihlokweni.

RF State Duma: umbono jikelele

UMbuso Duma kuyinto ephansi ekamelweni ephalamende we Russian Federation noma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. UMbuso Duma kanye Federation Council isishayamthetho. Ukudala umzimba nokubika sasiqhutshelwa ngo-1993. Ngokusho isimemezelo B. N. Eltsina "Inguquko kugatsha ngokomthethosisekelo Russian Federation" kwavela umzimba 450 amasekela. Half le nombolo ayokhethelwa emzuliswaneni olulodwa futhi ngokuqondile. Ivoti yenzeka-ilungu elilodwa izifunda. Enye ingxenye kufanele abunjwe ngosizo amaqembu ezombusazwe Russian ngilinqobile umkhawulo amaphesenti-5.

Russian State Duma enikelwe esahlukweni sesihlanu soMthethosisekelo. Kuyinto lapho uchaza ukuthi kafushane ngendlela umzimba, futhi lokho State Duma we Russian Federation. Kuyini lokhu esahlukweni komthetho wezwe ayisisekelo?

Isahluko 5 soMthetho-sisekelo

Isahluko sesihlanu ngumlayo eziyisisekelo yezwe iyalandisa ephalamende Russian - Federal Assembly. Isahluko kafushane lelipelwe wonke amaphuzu asemqoka eziphathelene amabili iziNdlu zePhalamende: Federation Council kanye State Duma. Article 103 yembula ngokugcwele kakhulu noma ngabe kuyini ukuthi amalungu Duma State, futhi yini amandla ezinawo. Kuyinto lokhu, kanye namanye sihloko we Russian uMthethosisekelo kuyodingeka zezikhali ukuze abe nolwazi oluphelele ngakho iningi yemfanelo nemisebenzi efanele endlini encane yePhalamende - State Duma.

Kufanele, Nokho, qala nge izici ezivamile. Ngakho, i-athikili 94 usungula isimo Assembly Federal; lo mgwamanda omele eziphathelene egatsheni zomthetho. Ingxenye 5-Athikili 95 sisungula ukuthi uDuma State siqukethe 450 abantu abangesiwona amasekela. Art. 96 isitshela indaba isitho isikhathi ukhetho, okuyinto manje kanye emva kweminyaka engu-5. Mayelana kwalokho, lokho uMbuso Duma Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi.

UMbuso Duma kanye noHulumeni wanoma

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke amagatsha amathathu amandla eRussia ayalingana nomunye, kuyafaneleka amaphuzu athile ziveza ithonya elithile abalulekile kwelinye igatsha kwenye. Ikakhulukazi, kubalulekile ukuba banake Ingxenye 1 Article 114 soMthethosisekelo. Ngokusho lesi sihloko, uHulumeni iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze imibiko esifike ngesikhathi uDuma State. uhlelo ezinjalo njalo kubonisa degree of ukuthuthukiswa yeningi kahulumeni. Ikakhulukazi, ehlaziya ku Article 114 kubhekisela esidingweni ukuthuthukisa indima ezimele empilweni yomphakathi kanye nezombusazwe. Ngeshwa, kuphela osopolitiki ongaxazulula izinkinga ukuthi ingangqubuzani yiluphi uhlelo ezifanayo iqondene nezithiyo nezilinganiso. Kufanele futhi uzibuze ukuthi ngabe Federal Assembly esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuhlola kaHulumeni.

Kufanele, Nokho, ubuyele emuva lokho Duma State, futhi yiziphi imisebenzi yayo maqondana kaHulumeni. Ngakho, iphuzu B Article 103 eliyibiza ngalo le Duma State ithuba nodaba yokuqiniseka esiphezulu. Eqinisweni, lena ingenye ubufakazi ngaphezulu ephawulekayo nomthelela legatsha omele samandla esiphezulu.

UMbuso Duma kanye Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Yini Russian State Duma maqondana ephakeme emizimbeni zezimali? Isigaba D Article 83 soMthethosisekelo Russian eliyibiza ngalo le Duma State ithuba lokuqoka futhi uchithe inhloko yabangamashumi Central Bank of Russia. Isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni ummeleli Central Bank kunqunywa ngokuvumelana noMthetho Federal "Ngo Central Bank of the Russian Federation." Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi njengoba i-aphoyntimenti bese nokususwa esikhundleni iyakuba kokugcina uma wavotelwa iningi Duma amasekela.

Kuyefana nasendleleni Chamber of akhawunti. UMbuso Duma uyakwazi ammise njengoMholi usihlalo walo mzimba, kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile bamabhuku. Umbuzo ka-aphoyintimenti noma ukususwa inqunywa ngokuhambisana etholakalayo isabelomali, intela, intela, nokunye. D.

aphoyintimenti ushwele

It is, ekugcineni, ubheke isihloko sendatshana 103 soMthethosisekelo. Kuyinto lesi sihloko Uvikela yonke imisebenzi eyisisekelo nemisebenzi engaphansi kwe endlini encane isishayamthetho. Lokho ungabahlukanisa khona? Lisho ukuthini Duma State? (Libanga 4, kanye abanye esigabeni ephakeme kukharikhulamu esikoleni kuvamile ingxoxo kulezi zindaba, lo omdala ngaphezulu kufanele wazi yonke into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana iziphathimandla idivayisi).

Endlini encane isishayamthetho uyakwazi liqoke umuntu ogunyazwe Human Rights kanye ukuba amxoshe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi amasekela bayakwazi ukubeka phambili abazobhapathizwa kudingeka.

Ludzaba elehlukile, kungaba Kuhle kokusho - yikhono we Duma State ukunquma imibuzo ka ushwele. Uyini umbono kulokhu kuthatha endlini ephansi, i-Duma State yenzani lokho? Kafushane futhi ngokucacile ephawula isigaba F Article 103 soMthethosisekelo. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo Isinqumo sokwamukela ushwele kwenzeka ngokuba siqashe iningi amavoti ePhalamende. Basayina ushwele isimemezelo usihlalo Duma State. Incwadi engokomthetho oda Kuyothi zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu.

State Duma futhi uMongameli

Ubudlelwano kweNhloko Yombuso kanye State Duma Russia zikleliswe ngendlela ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana sihloko 103 soMthethosisekelo (iphuzu B), endlini ephansi wesiShayamthetho uyakwazi ukubeka phambili ukumangalelwa umongameli kanye nezicelo. Amacala abekwa wona okuthi kungase kwenziwe kuphela icala uma ngabe bahehelwa ukuba amavoti 2/3 lamaphini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi icala kufanele kube okubhekiselwa kuso amacala noma amacala ukuthi kukhona umengameli izimisele.

UMbuso Duma uzothumela icala eNkantolo Ephakeme ukuze ibuyekezwe. Uma inkantolo ithola ukoniwa, umbuzo ngokuqondene nokususwa esikhundleni inhloko yezwe.

Inqubo ukwemukelwa kwemithetho

Njengoba igatsha, okukhulunywa ngakho, okukhulunywe isishayamthetho, ngokushesha imibuzo avaliwe ngalokho uMbuso Duma kanye Federation Council. Lemigwamanda ukushicilela bese uhlela imithetho, futhi lokhu injongo yabo eyinhloko. Kanjani uya inqubo zomthetho? Le ndlela izochazwa kamuva.

Inqubo ukwemukelwa nasekubulaleni imithetho wenziwa ukufundwa ezintathu. Ukufunda sokuqala sihilela uthole ingxoxo imihlahlandlela okusalungiswa. Umqalisi yomthetho ofunda umbiko, abafundi babe nethuba lokuphawula kanye mpikiswano. Uma umthetho sivunyiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo. Usikisela okwenza izichibiyelo zomthetho, ushintsho oluncane. Khona-ke sihamba esigabeni sesithathu, lapho amasekela uvotele noma ngokumelene ukwamukelwa yomthetho. imiphumela yephrojekthi kungenziwa yokutholwa kuphela uma uvotela yiningi.

I-oda ngenxa yokucabangela kwemithetho yamazwe

Lisho ukuthini Duma State? Imithetho, usebenzisa imithetho, wahlanganyela abahleli yabo kanye nomklamo. Zonke lezi zici endlini ephansi lwenzeka ukufundwa okukhethekile ezintathu. Ukuze ube ukuqonda ebanzi yenqubo zomthetho, futhi kuyadingeka ukukhuluma mayelana nenqubo ukuthi lucutshungulwe amaphrojekthi Federation Council.

Kwaphela izinsuku ezinhlanu le Duma State athuthukile imithetho ukuze kubhekwe endlini engenhla ephalamende imbala. Ingxenye 4 Article 105 soMthethosisekelo Russian iqukethe Ilungiselelo lokuthi Federation Council ubophekile ukuhlela ivoti noma ngokumelene bill. Ngakho, endabeni ukuvunyelwa isigamu amalungu Chamber of umthetho kuziwa phakathi force. Kunenye kungenzeka ukwenza umsebenzi umthetho. Kuze kube yimanje, i-Federation Council kumele azishaye indiva iphrojekthi wathumela izinsuku ezingu-14 (sikhuluma ivoti sihlulekile noma ngokumelene bill). Uma phrojekthi sinqatshiwe, Duma State kuzodala ikhomishana yokubuyisana, okuyinto uzama ukunqoba lo ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela we Ephakeme Chamber.

Article 106 soMthethosisekelo

Yimiphi imithetho kufanele kube ekubuyekezweni saziso nge ekamelweni ephakeme wesiShayamthetho? Article 106 soMthethosisekelo Russian usungula lemisebenzi elandelayo:

• isabelomali sikahulumeni;
• amacala nezintela ezingeni federal;
• imibuzo, impi nokuthula;
• ekushayweni imali;
• nezindaba zezimali, credit, lwemali namasiko isiqondiso;
• ekubalahleni (ekunqanyulweni) noma kokuqiniswa (ukwamukelwa) izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe;
• imibuzo mayelana nesimo kanye nokuvikelwa emngceleni waseRussia.

Ngakho, evaliwe kuqhathaniswa iba umbuzo lokho Duma State. Vumela noma bhunkula njalo thetho! Simisa noma kuchitha abathile kwakuphathelene ushwele - zonke lezi kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi yenziwa Lower House wePhalamende eRussia. Okulandelayo okufanele ayicabangele lapho enza futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo kungenzeka Duma State siphela.

On kokuphela Duma State

UMbuso Duma Kungenzeka siyochithwa kwezinye izimo, umbuzo okuyinto uMthethosisekelo Izihloko 109, 111 kanye 117. Into yokuqala ukwazi ukuthi kuphela umongameli unelungelo ukuncibilikisa endlini encane ephalamende. Nokho, ngokuhambisana Isigaba 3 kanye neSigaba 92, ilungelo enjalo akakwazi ukuba ubuso, bamelele uMongameli, noma lilingise esiPhezulu.

Kufanele futhi sikhulume mayelana nokuthi kungani inqubo kokuphela State Duma we Russian Federation kuyadingeka. Eqinisweni, isikimu enjalo kuyindlela oyinhloko ukuba banqobe umehluko phakathi lo mphathi amagatsha nemtsetfo yahulumende. Ngakho, ukuze ugweme izingxabano ezingase kakhulu intuthuko yamakhono impilo zezombangazwe nezenhlalo yezwe, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlobo "kabusha" ubudlelwane. UMongameli ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho ngokomthethosisekelo noma ancibilikise lawo Uhulumeni noma State Duma kanjalo ukuxazulula isimo ingxabano futhi kuvuleke indlela yokuba ukuqhubeka ngokuthola imibono yabanye.

Indlela kokuphela Duma State

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, nenqubo nemibandela sokuchitha endlini encane ephalamende kuthiwa livikeleke Izihloko 111 no-117 soMthethosisekelo Russian. Ngakho, ingxenye 4 Article 111 lisitshela ukuthi kungenzeka Duma State ziyoncibilika uma kuba kathathu uzwakalise ukungabethembi ababezobhapathizwa okuthunyelwe uNdunankulu. Lapha kulapho inhloko yezwe uyakwazi ukuncibilikisa Ukwakheka samanje Duma ngokuzimela ukhombe undunankulu ubize ukhetho endlini ephansi ephalamende imbala.

Icala lesibili livikeleke sihloko zomthethosisekelo 117. Ngokusho isigaba 3, Duma State siphela umongameli kwenzeka yokukhuluma okuphindiwe ithemba kuHulumende. Kukhona ifakiwe futhi esilinganiselwe esicacile - izinyanga ezintathu. Uqinisile isikhathi esiningi lapho Duma State ukubonakalisa Ukwamukelwa isakhiwo uhulumeni wamanje.

Lapho Duma State angeke eziyoncibilika?

Kukhona izimo eziningana abaphikayo ukuthi kungenzeka kokuphela Duma State. Bonke ahlelwe yiSigaba 109 soMthethosisekelo. Yini kahle hle ukuthini? UMbuso Duma angeke ziyoncibilika uma:

• hhayi sekudlule okungenani unyaka wonke kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi walo;
• Uma Duma State ngiyikhiphile amacala eyisibopho (kodwa luphela yokutholwa simo sezinqumo ezifanele Federation Council);
• isimo esiphuthumayo noma umthetho karate yethulwa kuleli Russian Federation;
• It has tinyanga letisitfupha nobe ngaphasi ngaphambi kokuphela kwethemu kamongameli.

Ukwakheka Duma State

Lisho ukuthini Duma State? Impendulo yalo mbuzo wanikezwa. Nokho, wahlala ezingaxazululeki, enye impikiswano ebalulekile: ukwakheka begodu nesakhiwo Lower House wePalamende.

Septhemba 18, 2016 labetibambile ukhetho lamaphini kuMbuso Duma eRussia. Okthoba 5, kwamiswa Ukwakheka yokugcina nomhlangano lwesikhombisa. Waba uSihlalo walo Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin - ilungu iqembu "United Russia" (EP) kanye Russian State Umeluleki First Class. 343 izindawo ezathathwa amalungu EP, 42 - ubuso LamaKhomanisi, 39 amalungu ePhalamende kusuka Liberal Democratic Party kanye 23 kusuka "Fair Russia".

Ngakho, esihlokweni siye sanikelwa izimpendulo zemibuzo ngalokho isakhiwo endlini encane yePhalamende, yini ngezithako zawo, kanye lokho State Duma. Ibanga 4 (izimpendulo futhi imibuzo Yama-Olympic, izincwadi ku nezifundo social) futhi amakilasi ephakeme esikoleni embonweni imibuzo mayelana isimiso sezombusazwe we Russian Federation. Uma noma yini ngakho ngeke ukwazi abadala, ezingeni lepolitiki emphakathini ngeke eqala ukwehla. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukukhishwa zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga. Ukuze ube nomqondo othile mayelana isimiso sezombusazwe, kuyoba okwanele eyodwa kuphela ukufundwa soMthethosisekelo.