Ikholera - Ikholera kuyinto ...: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Sifo Nokuselapha

kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye - isikhathi ubuchwepheshe obusha nokwatholakala, kuhlanganise emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Uma ngaphambili izifo ubhubhane lwesifo mows wonke umndeni futhi emaphandleni, ukwesaba nengebhe kubantu, ngisho nanamuhla, nososayensi bezokwelapha ababutholanga izindlela zokubhekana nezifo eziningi ezingelapheki ngaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, umqedazwe ikholera eRussia ngekhulu nesishiyagalolunye elabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Nokho, namuhla, abantu abafa ngenxa yesono kusukela lesi sifo% 5-10 kuphela.

Ubhubhane enkulu emlandweni wesintu

Umqedazwe - ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yemilayezo isifo noma izifo ezithile. Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, munye bangathembela nedlanzana ambalwa lwesifo esibi kunazo futhi iyingozi.

1. A ingxibongo umqedazwe. It inciphise inani abakhileyo zwekazi American nge 100 million kuya ku-10 ngo-1500! Izimpawu zesifo - imfiva, umzimba namahlaba ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuqubuka, kepha efaniswe amathumba. Indlela yokudlulisela - sisemoyeni, contact-yasendlini. I bebeletha - 30%.
2. Ubhubhane umkhuhlane. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke wawungo-1918. Lesi sifo sesibulale abantu cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi million. Umkhuhlane - eyodwa isifo esiwubhadane esaba sibi kuze kube manje.
3. Ezihlupha noma "i-Black Death." Ngo 1348, sona lesi sifo kwabulala kwesigamu baseYurophu, kanye hit iChina neNdiya. Dlulisa rat isifo, noma kunalokho, namazeze amagundane. Ngezinye izikhathi isifo sibuya esikhathini sethu, ezindaweni kuhlale sidla amagundane amancane. Izimpawu zesifo - imfiva, ukukhwehlela, hemoptysis, ukuphefumula nzima. izindlela zesimanje imithi uvumele namuhla ukuba ulwe ngempumelelo isifo.
4. ubhubhane nesifo sikamalaleveva. Kuyaziwa for abantu base-Afrika. Inkampani yenethiwekhi - umiyane anopheles. Izinga lokufa sifo kuze kube manje uhlala kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu.
5. Isifo sofuba. Ngezinye izikhathi obizwa nangokuthi "ubhubhane olumhlophe". Isizathu esikhulu ukusabalala - izimo ezingezinhle zokuphila kanye nomsebenzi, ubumpofu. Esikhathini kusaqalwa sifo siyelapheka.
6. Ikholera. Lena ephelele amanzi emzimbeni, ngokuvamile okuholela ekufeni. Six esiwubhadane ikholera ziye zabulala izigidigidi zabantu emazweni ahlukahlukene. Izimpawu - ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa isisu, nokuquleka. Ukutheleleka zibhebhetheka ikakhulukazi ngokudla namanzi.
7. AIDS. I esibi kunazo eziwumshayabhuqe. Lesi sifo esingelapheki. Okuwukuphela insindiso - ukwelashwa yesondlo kukho konke ukuphila. Engozini yezidakamizwa.
8. imfiva Yellow. Indlela yokudlulisela efana umalaleveva. Izimpawu - imfiva, ikhanda, ukuhlanza, lapho ukhwehlela nobuhlungu bomzimba. Lesi sifo ikakhulu kuthinta izinso esibindini. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhumba womuntu iba phuzi.
9. Umqedazwe yesifo sezintwala. Izimpawu - imfiva, ukungabi esesuthi, ukucobeka kanye ubuthakathaka, ikhanda elibuhlungu, imfiva, Ukugodola, isicanucanu. Lesifo kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa esibhibhayo, inyumoniya. Typhus ubhubhane ngokuyinhloko neqhaza we wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi.
10. Ebola. igciwane elibulala. umphumela Lethal kwenzeka e-90% amacala. Virus idluliselwa ngegazi, isikhwehlela isiguli kanye ngokusebenzisa isidoda. Izimpawu - ubuhlungu bekhanda, imfiva, isicanucanu, endaweni ye-ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuqubuka, uhudo, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, ngopha zonke izinhlaka.

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukusabalala global izifo - ukuntuleka kwezinkambiso enelanga, ukwehluleka ukuhambisana inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukuthuthukiswa edlulela emasimini amasha.

Ubhubhane ikholera

Ikholera - ngegciwane emathunjini, okuyinto kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa abukhali uketshezi, amanzi emzimbeni. It okubangelwa igciwane Vibrio nekholera. A indlela izifo - Zikagesi - emanzini, ukudla itheleleke. Kukhona zamagciwane eziningana ikholera, ngamunye sina yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ikholera Nepalese, akubangi umonakalo izakhamuzi zendawo, sekuwumkhuba igciwane elibulala nabantu bakuleli eDominican Republic nase-Haiti.

Izizinda ngobukhulu ubhubhane eqoshiwe e-Afrika, Latin America ne India. Futhi nakuba ukwelashwa yesimanje kwenze kube lula ukubhekana nalesi sifo, izinga lokufa namanje 5-10%. ERussia, ubhubhane ikholera ka 1830 kwaba ukubonakaliswa yokuqala enkulu yalolu hlobo ukutheleleka. Lihambisana isifo, yena wathatha ukuphila kwezigidi zabantu.

Zivikele nabathandekayo ikholera kungenzeka, abagcina sinemikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko. Ikakhulukazi unake impilo yabo kufanele kube labo bantu edamane ukuhamba emhlabeni ezweni nasemazweni aphesheya. kudingeka Njalo ukugwema yezindawo zokudlela eziseceleni ezingabazisayo ezitolo zekhofi. Futhi ukuthenga ukudla hhayi izimakethe yemvelo futhi ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Ukuvakashela kwamanye amazwe, kungcono ukwenza umgomo.

ukulandiswa kwezinhlobo ezintathu ikholera

Ikholera - isifo esithathelanayo ukuthi kuthinta amathumbu nezinso. Lesi sifo kungavuka abantu amafomu ezintathu, kuye ngezinga zokuntula amanzi emzimbeni.

1. Easy. izimpawu Main - uhudo, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza okuncane, ukungakhululeki lapho esiswini. Zifiso yangasese kungaba izikhathi eziyisihlanu ngosuku. isimo Jikelele impilo isiguli - egculisayo.
2. Ukuma isilinganiso. Izimpawu - sohudo (izikhathi eziyishumi ngosuku), futhi ukuhlanza, okuyizinto kuyanda. Isiguli umlomo njalo omile futhi yomile. Kungase kube cramping kancane imisipha, izinyawo, iminwe.
3. ifomu Sinzima. isifo ikholera kulesigaba luvame ukubulala. Izimpawu - sokuzikhulula obuningi, izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili ngosuku, ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe, ukoma, nomlomo owomile, izwi hoshozela. Umzimba emzimbeni, umuntu uthola look ehlukile - ubuso ezicijile, izandla esishwabene, amehlo lushone. Izindebe, izindlebe, isikhumba kuba nombala bluish. ithuthukisa Ngakho cyanosis. Ukuchama wenziwa kancane kaningi, futhi ngokushesha kuphele ngokuphelele.

Izingane nzima kakhulu ahlupheke nekholera. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba wabo akuzange bafunda ukubhekana nokushonelwa engavamile uketshezi.

Ukubhekwa kokuvinjelwa engcono ikholera - a inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Ngesikhathi izimpawu kancane ngasocansini yalesi sifo, kufanele usheshe uye esibhedlela ukuze usizo kumuntu ofanelekayo.

Indlela ukuqaphela ikholera?

Ngokuvamile lesi sifo zididaniswe nezinye izifo ezifanayo, isib, nge ukudla okunobuthi, okuyinto inezimpawu ezifanayo. A elinobuthi, njengoba umthetho, abantu abaningi aphathe ngokwabo. Ngenxa yalokho yokuphathwa kwenziwa yini yimithi futhi lesi sifo phakathi nalesi sikhathi angase abe ifomu kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, bonke abantu kufanele bazi ukuthi ikholera okungukuthi, iziphi izimpawu zayo nendlela yokubhekana naso. Ngakho, izimpawu eziyinhloko:

1. Isifo sohudo kusuka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi noma ngaphezulu izikhathi ngosuku. Isibalo wamathumbu ukunyakaza kwandisa kancane kancane futhi kungaba afinyelela amalitha eyodwa nengxenye ngesikhathi!
2. Ubuhlungu Kepha ubuthi, akukho.
3. Ukuhlanza has a uhlamvu ezikhulayo. Isicanucanu ningagcini. liquid Torn sifana irayisi ishq.
4. amanzi emzimbeni Rapid. Skin iba nombala bluish. Indoda ukoma njalo, nomlomo owomile. Kuyini ikholera (iziguli Photo), kungabonwa ezikulezi zincwajana yesayensi encyclopedia (futhi kancane - kulesi sihloko).
5. Imisipha amajaqamba.

Usizo lokuqala for ikholera

Uma othile kusukela wemikhaya waphawula zonke izimpawu ikholera, kufanele ngokushesha kudokotela. Isiguli kungaphansi esibhedlela ngokushesha. Nokho, zikhona izikhathi lapho ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ehluleka (uhlale ngaphandle nemizana). Kulokhu, wonke umuntu azi ukuthi angasilawula kanjani ukuba libhekele usizo lokuqala.

The main umthetho - uketshezi xaxa. Indlela Umzimba ulahlekelwa njengoba udinga ukuzama "uthele". Isiphuzo Kunconywa njalo ngehora isigamu 200 ml. Kodwa-ke akufanele kube amanzi nje, kodwa isixazululo ekhethekile (ilitha yamanzi - isipuni sikasawoti kanye ezine kashukela).

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe noma isigqiki, magciwane yabo. Ducks, inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kufanele kusetshenzwe ukuze ugweme ukusabalala ukutheleleka ngokucophelela. Zombhede kufanele zishintshwe njalo. Izinto ukugeza isiguli ezingeni lokushisa 90 degrees. Ngemva kokugeza, kuyinto efiselekayo bamba ithambo kubo.

Izinyathelo ezinjalo zokuzivikela ziyadingeka, ngoba catch ekhaya ngeke kube nzima.

Omsakazo kanye Epidemiology ikholera

Omunye isifo esibi kakhulu futhi ezingelapheki zekhulu sokwedlula nekholera. Photo bacterium wenza ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu, kwenze kucace ukuthi i-ejenti has a stick lwalugobile nge esisodwa noma ezimbili izinyanda ahlelwe akuhambisani ukumsiza ukuhambisa.

Lamagciwane abanga ikholera - abathandi ane-alikhali imvelo. Ziyakwazi isitashi kanye carbohydrate okonakele, kanye Ziyancibilika gelatin. I lwegciwane ozwelayo omiswe bese emisebe yama-UV. Lapho abilayo izilokazane ezincane bayabulawa kweso.

Njengoba izimbangela ikholera igciwane okungenzeka khona ukudla namanzi, ukuvimbela engcono uyolungisa ukucutshungulwa ukudla.

Uma ukutheleleka singena imithombo amanzi okuphuza, kungangena yonke nemizana. Sikhuluma umqedazwe. Futhi uma isifo esithile ngale endaweni eyodwa noma kuzwe lonke ke kukhona indawo has a bhubhane. Ikholera - iyisifo kanye nalolu bhubhane bhubhane.

Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

Yiqiniso, uphethwe "ikholera" Awukwazi ukuletha bebodwa. Ezinye izimpawu zesifo akwanele. Luhlolo ezidingekayo wezokwelapha ukuthi yenziwa ngendlela laboratories ekhethekile bacteriological. Ukucwaninga isidingo isiguli - ebuhlanzweni, ngemva kwalokho angene endleni.

Uma lokumba umlando, ubhubhane sohudo 1830 sabulala nabantu abaningi eRussia. Zonke izinto zingachazwa ngokuntuleka imithi enamandla isikhathi. Namuhla, lesi sifo singumbulali esilaphekayo. Kuyinto ngokwanele lokwenza ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokwelashwa.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikholera - umqedazwe. It kungathinta amalungu omndeni eziningana. Noma yimuphi izimpawu asolisayo kufanele kube yisizathu ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ikholera ivela amahora ambalwa izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi, iziguli kakade abathwali ngegciwane futhi lwegciwane ikhiphela imvelo.

ukuphathwa isifo Kwenziwa kuphela izibhedlela, ezigcemeni ekhethekile ezithathelwanayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko odokotela - ubuyise futhi silondoloze ukulinganisela amanzi emzimbeni wesiguli. Ngenxa yale njongo, izixazululo usawoti kanye nemithi.

Okuvame kakhulu causative amagciwane ikholera - a classic biotype ikholera El Tor. Zombili lezi zinhlobo ebucayi nemithi ukuphi. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa futhi kuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial. Ngokuvamile zisebenzisa erythromycin.

Isivikelo esingcono kunazo zonke ekumelaneni ikholera esikhathini sethu - ngokugoma. Umgomo iqondiswa kabili ngenyanga. Imithamo incike yobudala lesiguli.

Ukuvimbela ikholera

Ikholera, kanye nanoma yikuphi isifo, ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha. Kwanele ukubona imithetho inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, kanye nazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, ezisetshenziswa for the nokuvinjelwa kwezifo acute emathunjini.

Ngakho:

1. Ikholera igciwane kungenzeka khona ukudla, amanzi. Ngakho-ke, akufanele neze amanzi emithonjeni womuntu ongabazisayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kufanele ubilise futhi.
2. Imifino, izithelo, inhlanzi, inyama kanye nezinye ukudla okuluhlaza kufanele kahle zelashwe ngaphambi kokuba ukusetshenziswa.
3. Awukwazi ukubhukuda ezizibeni lapho sanepidemstantsii ukuvinjelwa. Mhlawumbe amanzi iqukethe imbewu eletha ikholera noma ezinye yisiphi isifo.
4. Iziguli izimpawu ikholera kufanele ngokushesha esibhedlela, futhi igumbi lapho kade, - zokukhipha igciwane.
5. Ukuvakashela kwamanye amazwe, kungcono ukwenza umgomo. Yiqiniso, umgomo abakwazi ukunikeza ukuvikeleka ngokuphelele, kodwa kwaba njalo endabeni ka umqedazwe xhumelela umzimba kuyoba lula ukubhekana nalesi sifo.

Omunye kumelwe futhi sikhumbule ukuthi ngisho nangemva ephelele yokutakula ikholera amagciwane kungathelela umzimba okwesibili. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuqapha owengeziwe futhi ngokuqapha hhayi ubuhlungu!

Kanjani nalesi sifo izingane?

Lesi sifo eba izingane, njengoba nje nabantu abadala. Nokho, izingane lukhuni ukuqhuba ukutheleleka.

Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amanzi noma ukudla. Kodwa endabeni ka izingane kungenzeka ekuthelelekeni kuze sisondelene - ngokusebenzisa izandla ezingcolile.

amagciwane Ikholera eba isidumbu sengane, okuwenza ukudakwa abukhali nohudo. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo kuholela ukuphazamiseka izinso (nephropathy), arrhythmia inhliziyo, edema yamaphaphu. Ezinye izingane ukuthuthukisa sokuwa ikhoma. Ngakho nje kudingeka ekuhlonzweni lesi sifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sifo singumbulali ikholera esilaphekayo cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti isikhathi.

Ukwelashwa kwezingane ogulayo Njengabantu abadala, olwenziwa umile kuphela. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe libuyisele eziwuketshezi lost. Iziguli liquid ifomu ezinzima iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi.

Ukunakekela iziguli okuhleliwe sihlanganisa magciwane olunzulu indle kanye nezimpahla zasendlini.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana yokudla egcwele futhi unempilo. Phela, phakathi kokugula kwakhe umuntu ulahlekelwa okuningi uketshezi, futhi ngesikhathi isisindo esifanayo.

Ukubhekwa kokuvinjelwa best of sohudo ezinganeni - ukwenza nini, noma kuphi ukuba zigeze izandla, ukudla, aphuze amanzi kuphela abilisiwe. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma ingane ngokuvakashela isikole sabaqalayo noma esikoleni.

isiphetho

Ukuthuthukiswa imithi kanye nesayensi ngesikhathi wethu unikele isinqumo ukwelapha ezihlukahlukene izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Ngokwesibonelo, isifo, ingxibongo -typhus waqala isifo okunemibandela, njengoba umgomo ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele kubo ezimpilweni zethu. Ikholera, ngokuphambene, esasebenza kwezinye izingxenye Earth. Nokho wathola izindlela eziphumelelayo ukwelapha lesi sifo. Umuntu udinga isikhathi kuphela ukucela usizo.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kokugqashuka eqoshiwe ezindaweni ezicezile zase-Afrika, e-Asia India. Isizathu esiyinhloko - amanzi angcolile, ukuntuleka sanitary izinkambiso, ubumpofu kanye nosizi. Kubantu abaningi kulawo mazwe, igama elithi "esibhedlela" kuyinto engajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo ikholera Ihlahlubo oluphuthumayo kungaba kwenziwe ngokuzimela (Nokho bengaphumeleli).