Igama mlilo. Izintaba-mlilo Zomhlaba: uhlu izithombe

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuqhuma intabamlilo kubange horror womuntu. Amathani Udaka oluncibilikayo, ancibilikile, amagesi anobuthi abhubhisa umuzi futhi ngisho wonke umbuso. Namuhla, izintabamlilo eMhlabeni akazange abe ukuzola. Noma kunjalo, njengoba esikhathini esidlule, futhi namuhla basuke bakhangwa izinkulungwane abacwaningi nososayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Isifiso yazini futhi nibone ukuthi kwenzekani ne entabeni nomlilo-ukuphefumula ngesikhathi kuqhuma, kanjani le nqubo lena ekulandulayo, ephoqa ososayensi ukugibela emithambekeni eziyingozi, esondela sigodi, lapho zineminyaka isici.

Namuhla, mlilo, ososayensi baye bahlanganyela ngobunye inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe (IAVCEI). It is eduze ukuqapha ukuqhuma kungenzeka, okungase usongo ekuphileni komuntu. Kuze kube manje, kukhona uhlu, okuyinto igama izintabamlilo indawo yabo futhi ematfuba ukuqhuma esilandelayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka kokuphila komuntu, kuphunywe abantu abavela endaweni eyingozi futhi sithathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo uma kunesidingo.

Lesi sihloko izoshicilelwa ibalazwe zomhlaba mlilo ne amagama, uyazi lapho bangabantu esiyingozi kakhulu. Mhlawumbe lolu lwazi ezizoba wusizo kuwe uma unentshisekelo ubunjalo zalesi simo esiyingozi.

Etna (Italy)

Ukubukeza kwethu, sanquma ukuqala nale entabeni akuyona ngephutha. Mount Etna, isithombe ozibona ngezansi esihlokweni - esebenzayo, yokusebenza enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi iyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Itholakala ku olusempumalanga yeSisili, eduze Messina and Catania.

umsebenzi wayo kungenxa sendawo kwalapho kuhlangana khona Eurasia futhi Afrika izingqimba zomhlaba. Kulesi ukwa abakhuthele elinye izwe entabeni - iNtaba iVesuvius, Stromboli, ivolkano. Ososayensi bathi endulo (15-35 thous. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule) Mount Etna, ogama izithombe zivame wanyathelisa izinguqulo ekhethekile, ukuqhuma ezahlukene alufakwa ukuthi awusenalo izingqimba enkulukazi lava. Esikhathini kuqhuma xxi leminyaka of Etna lalivela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-10, ngenhlanhla ngaphandle abalimala.

Ukuphakama entabeni kunzima ukusho ngoba iphuzu lalo eshintsha ngenxa nokuqhuma njalo. Bona kwenzeke ngokuvamile ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Etna oluthatha indawo enkulukazi (1250 sq. Km). Ngemva nokuqhuma lateral avele asemigodini Etna 400. Ngokwesilinganiso, njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu nane, intaba-mlilo likhipha lava. Kuyinto yingozi uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwentaba enamandla. Ngosizo lokucwaninga yakamuva zesayensi, ososayensi banethemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukuthola isikhathi umsebenzi kunyuke sentaba.

Sakurajima (Japan)

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa izintaba-mlilo eMhlabeni osebenzayo, uma asebenzayo esikhathini esidlule 3000 iminyaka. Lokhu intabamlilo Japanese iyasebenza njalo kusukela ngo-1955. It kungokwalabo esigabeni sokuqala. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho kuqhuma ungase uqale nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Akukho ukuphuma lava enamandla kakhulu laligujwa ngo-February 2009. Izakhamuzi Kagoshima cishe njalo ephelezelwa ukukhathazeka. Izimfundiso ifakwe abafuna ziye zaba ingxenye ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke.

Abacwaningi bathola i-webcam wentaba, ngakho Sakurajima kuyinto begadiwe. Mangisho ukuthi izintaba-mlilo kulezi ziqhingi Ungashintsha sezwe. Njengoba kwenzeka eJapane, lapho ngo-1924 kwaba khona ukuqhuma esiqine Sakurajima. Ukundindizela okunamandla axwayiswa ngezingozi edolobheni, iningi izakhamizi ephethwe ngaso ukushiya ikhaya futhi sokuba ngiphume.

Ngemva kwalokhu intabamlilo, Sakurajima onegama (okusho "cherry esiqhingini"), angeke ngokuthi isiqhingi. A omningi lava bakha ibhuloho ezweni exhunywe entabeni esiqhingini Kyushu. Futhi ngemva konyaka lapho kuqhuma lava kancane sasivela wentaba. Phansi Gulf uvukile maphakathi lo mgodi Aira, elise amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili kusukela Sakurajima.

Aso (Japan)

Lokhu ethandwa izivakashi isayithi kakhulu - ngempela-mlilo eziyingozi, okuyinto ngo-2011 waxosha semali lava nomlotha, lwalumboze indawo amakhilomitha angu-100. Kusukela leli phuzu kakade iye bhalisiwe ezingaphezu kuka 2,500 ukundindizela okunamandla. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho ongabhubhisa esigodini esiseduze.

IVesuvius (Italy)

Nomaphi izintaba-mlilo - emazwekazini noma eziqhingini yaso, siba yingozi ngokulinganayo. INtaba iVesuvius - elinamandla kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho kuyingozi kakhulu. Ungomunye asebenzayo afika kwamathathu izintaba-mlilo e-Italy. Ososayensi baye ulwazi mayelana nokuqhuma 80 ezinkulu entabeni. Into embi kakhulu kwenzeka ngo '79. Khona-ke umuzi wabhujiswa ngokuphelele yasePompeii, izithombe Stabia, nelaseHerculaneum.

Omunye iqhuma zakamuva enamandla ebonwe 1944. Ukuphakama sentaba - 1281 m, ububanzi wentaba - 750 m.

Colima (Mexico)

Igama mlilo (okungenani ezinye zazo), abaningi bethu basakhumbula lwezifundo zesikole, ngakolunye esizifunda emaphephandabeni, olwesithathu Ochwepheshe onolwazi kuphela. Colima - mhlawumbe oyingozi nonamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Isikhathi sokugcina ke kwaqubuka Juni 2005. Khona-ke, ikholomu umlotha ukhiphe kusukela kulesi sigodi, wasukuma ukuze phezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-5 km). Iziphathimandla zendawo kwadingeka sibalekele zonke izakhamuzi zakule ndawo eseduze.

Le ntaba nomlilo-ukuphefumula siqukethe iziqongo ezimbili ukuma oyindilinga. NeNevado de Colima - aphakeme wabo. ukuphakama kwalo - 4625 m Kuthathwa yokuqothulwa kanye nezinye isiqongo iyona mlilo .. Ibizwa ngokuthi Volcano de Fuego de Colima - "Umlilo Volcano". Its ukuphakama - 3846 m Izakhamuzi walibiza Mexican iVesuvius ..

Kusukela 1576 ke isiqhume izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-40. Futhi namhlanje, kuyingozi enkulu hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi imizi eyayiseduze kwaleyo, kodwa nezalo lonke eMexico.

Galeras (Columbia)

Ngokuvamile igama intabamlilo is ngqo exhumene ne sezwe lapho entabeni. Kodwa igama Galeras ayinakho maqondana edolobheni pasto, eliseduze.

Lena intabamlilo esikhulu nesinamandla. ukuphakama Its 4276 amamitha. isizinda ubukhulu - amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-20, futhi wentaba - amamitha 320. Itholakala e-Colombia (South America).

Phansi le ntaba umdondoshiya edolobheni elincane pasto. Ngo-August 2010, izakhamuzi kwadingeka asuswe ezindaweni zawo ngenxa nokuqhuma eqinile. Isifunda limenyezelwe eziphuthumayo kakhulu. Iziphathimandla wesifunda Uthumele ezingaphezu kuka-400 amaphoyisa ukuze basiza izakhamuzi.

Ososayensi bathi esikhathini esidlule 7000 iminyaka, intaba-mlilo waphaphama okungenani izikhathi 6. Futhi zonke izintaba-mlilo ziqhume angako kakhulu. Lapho siqhuba ucwaningo ngo 1993 kwabulawa izazi zokuma komhlaba eziyisithupha emgodini wentaba. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukuqhuma esilandelayo. Ngo-2006, abantu abavela ezindaweni eziseduze basala ngenxa usongo ekushayweni lava eqinile.

Elbrus intabamlilo

Emngceleni Karachay-Cherkessia futhi Kabardino-Balkaria, iphuzu esiphezulu Europe kanye, yebo, Russia - Elbrus. Engxenyeni esenyakatho Omkhulu eCaucasus, ke uxhuma ugema lateral. Vulcan Elbrus has iziqongo ezimbili, okuyinto cishe lobulinganako. Eastern ingxenye ifinyelela 5621 m nasentshonalanga - 5642 m.

Lokhu stratovolcano Isigaxa emise. Ingaphandle lawo kwakhiwa notshwala tuff lava umlotha. Lokhu kuqhuma lokugcina Mount Elbrus salotshwa eminyakeni 2,500 edlule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwathatha injalo manje. Bambalwa kungaba ozibongayo mlilo eMhlabeni enhle kangaka, ifomu "classical" we Isigaxa. Ngokuvamile, imigodi yezintaba-mlilo ngokushesha libhujiswa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Nobuhle Elbrus ivikela isiphuku yayo ice neqhwa. It ngisho ehlobo akusho makehle ngokuba intabamlilo ngokuthi Minor Antarctica.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga Wamkhumbuza yena isikhathi eside, ochwepheshe ababukele ngoba esimweni sayo samanje kanye nezinga umsebenzi, Asikuboni yokuqothulwa. Babiza entabeni 'silele.' Le ntaba-mlilo iyasebenza kakhulu (ngenhlanhla, okwamanje elimazayo). Ngo elingaphakathi yayo Namanje igcinwe mass esishisayo. Basuke "sekuqala ukufudumala" imithombo ezaziwayo. lokushisa awo +52 ° C +60 ° C. Ngokusebenzisa ufa phezu seep amagesi sulfurous.

Namuhla Elbrus - endaweni yemvelo eyingqayizivele, ngesisekelo eyigugu kakhulu ngokwesayensi. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet khona Kwakuseshwa ucwaningo, futhi manje iwuMnyuziyamu Nomhlaba Laboratory, ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu.

IPopocatepetl (Mexico)

Kuyinto mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke yezwe, elise amakhilomitha 50 kusuka enhlokodolobha - Mexico City. idolobha Dvadtsatimillionny njalo ukuzilungiselela kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nazi kathi kwale mizi emibili emikhulu - Acapulco de Hikotenkatl futhi Puebla. izakhamizi yabo le intabamlilo ukubuyisa nayo ukuthola sezinzwa. Emkhathini-sulfur dioxide, uthuli amatshe zenzeka cishe nyanga zonke. Kuphela kuleli shumi leminyaka elidlule, le ntaba-mlilo kwabheduka kathathu.

Loa (USA, Hawaii)

Lona ngobukhulu by volume "entabeni somlilo 'Earth. Bekanye indima kwamanzi kuyinto 80,000 cubic metres. km! emthambekeni eNingizimu-mpumalanga futhi phezulu ayingxenye National Park "Hawaii mlilo".

Ngesikhathi Loa Volcano esiteshini ikhona. Ucwaningo kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo olwenziwa kusukela 1912. Nazi sokubuka emkhathini futhi ukuvunguza komoya.

Lokhu kuqhuma zokugcina ebonwe 1984. entabeni engamamitha - 4169 amamitha.

INyiragongo (Congo)

Njengoba sekushiwo, igama kanye nezintaba-mlilo zingase zingapheli njalo kwaziwe abantu abavamile abahlala kwelinye izwekazi. Kusukela kule ntaba akubi kancane kuyingozi. Imisebenzi yaso waqashwa Ochwepheshe futhi ngokushesha kubika umsebenzi owengeziwe.

Okulandelayo kuhla lwethu - iNyiragongo intabamlilo, obude kuyinto 3469 amamitha. Itholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Afrika, e-Virunga Mountains. Le ntaba-mlilo kubhekwa ayingozi kakhulu e-Afrika. Ngokwengxenye kuhlobene ngaphezulu izintaba zaphakade Shaher futhi Barat. Uzungezwe yinhlangano amakhulu amancane Izigaxa ngisho nokusha okuncane mlilo. 40% azo zonke nokuqhuma waphawula kulelivekati olwenziwa lapha.

Mount Rainier (United States)

Zethu uhlu Ukubuyekeza ucedzela stratovolcano elise komakhelwane Pierce (Washington), 87 km kuya eningizimu Seattle.

Rainier liyingxenye arc mlilo. Its ukuphakama - 4392 m. onesiqongo siqukethe wentaba ezimbili mlilo.

Sesisungule uhlelo lomnotho olubizwa mlilo edume kunazo zonke. Uhlu kubo Yiqiniso, akuphelele, ngoba, ngokusho ososayensi, ezintabeni esebenzayo kuphela kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 600. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unyaka ngamunye emhlabeni kukhona 1-2 intabamlilo entsha.