Izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu: uhlu

Uyini-mlilo? Hot oncibilikisiwe lava kwemali, ochithekile emhlabeni, futhi kanye ifu umlotha umusi ashisayo. Umbukwane ngokuqinisekile okuthakazelisayo, kodwa ingabe zavelaphi? Yiziphi mlilo ezinkulu akhona eplanethini yethu? Bangaphi labo abakumangalelayo?

Umsuka nezinhlobo hlobo lwezintaba-mlilo

Ngaphansi uqweqwe obukhulu kuyinto magma - oncibilikisiwe impahla lokushisa elikhulu futhi ucindezelekile okusezingeni eliphezulu. Njengengxenye magma iqukethe amaminerali, amanzi umusi kanye amagesi. Lapho ukucindezela iba liphezulu kakhulu, igesi magma ukusunduza up ngokusebenzisa iphuzu ezibuthakathaka uqweqwe. Isendlalelo kobuso Umhlaba liphuma njengoba izintaba, futhi ekugcineni Kugqashuka magma.

Iqhuma magma ibizwa ngokuthi udaka lwentaba-mlilo rock ngomqanso imbobo - mlilo. Eruption kuhambisana ekushayweni umlotha futhi umusi. Lava uhamba ngesivinini 40 km / h, lokushisa mayelana 1000 degrees Celsius. Kuya ngemvelo kuqhuma le ntaba-mlilo kanye izenzakalo ezihlobene zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, Hawaii, Plinian, peleysky nabanye.

Njengoba lava osemanzi ukuvuza kanye izingqimba esikhulu, ukudala ukuma mlilo. Ngakho, kukhona izintaba-mlilo oyindilinga, flat, oluyingungu, Stratosphere, noma egqinsiwe, nomumo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlukaniswe asebenzayo, ithule futhi yokuqothulwa, kuye ngezinga of mlilo.

izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu zomhlaba

Emhlabeni wonke, zikhona cishe 540 nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo, isibalo yokuqothulwa ngaphezulu. Bonke zitholakala ngokuyinhloko zasePacific, eMpumalanga Afrika, eMediterranean eligoqiwe esishintshashintshayo. Umsebenzi enkulu okuboniswe izingxenye eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi, eKamchatka, Japan, i-Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands, e-Iceland.

Kuphela zone Pacific itholakala 330 nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kukhona e-Andes, eziqhingini Asian. E-Afrika, amazinga aphakeme ubhekwa Kilimanjaro, elise Tanzania. Lokhu intabamlilo engase asebenzayo, okungase uvuke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. ukuphakama Its 5895 amamitha.

Amabili izwe elikhulu wentaba-mlilo siyakhuthazeka endaweni Chile futhi Argentina. Bona zibhekwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ojos del Salado kuyinto yokuqothulwa, kuqhuma walo kwenzeka ngo-700 AD, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ke Ufaka umhwamuko nesibabule. llullaillaco Argentina kubhekwe asebenzayo, okokugcina ke kwaqubuka kuphela ngo-1877.

I-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo global ethulwa ethebuleni.

Ring of Fire-Pacific

amanzi Pacific gubadlela amapuleti ezintathu lithospheric. imiphetho zabo zangaphandle hamba ngaphansi lithospheric amapuleti amazwekazi. Yonke azungezwe emalungeni elitholakala Pacific Ring of Fire - mlilo ezincane nezinkulu, eziningi zazo zivuliwe.

Ring komlilo iqala kusukela Antarctica, ligijima New Zealand, i-Philippines, eJapane, Kuril Islands, eKamchatka, welula emhlabeni coast zasePacific amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Kwezinye izindawo, iringi sinqamukile, isibonelo, edude Vancouver Island saseCalifornia.

izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu Pacific ibhande ahlelwe e-Andes (Orizaba, San Pedro, Misty, Kotopahi), yeSumatra (Kerinci), uRoss esiqhingini (Erebus), i-Java (Semeru). Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke - Fuji - elitholakala esiqhingini Honshu. Sunda Strait iyona intabamlilo Krakatoa.

I mlilo eziqhingi kuyinto zaseHawaii. Le ntaba-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke - Loa nge engamamitha 4169 amamitha. Ukuphakama isihlobo sentaba sihamba Everest futhi kubhekwa intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, lokhu kufana 10 168 amamitha.

Mediterranean zone

Izindawo ezisezintabeni North-West Africa, eningizimu yeYurophu, eMediterranean eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor, Indo-China, i-Tibet, Indonesia kanye zaseHimalaya up Alpide ibhande. Lapha kukhona izinqubo asebenzayo Geological, loluvetwa okuyinto mlilo.

I-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo ezonini Mediterranean - kuyinto iVesuvius, Santorini (Aegean Sea) neNtaba Etna e-Italy, Elbrus futhi Kazbek eCaucasus Ararati Turkey. IVesuvius Italian siqukethe iziqongo ezintathu. Kusukela kuqhuma zayo ezinamandla e ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD, leli dolobha labhekana eHerculaneum, yasePompeii, izithombe Stabia, Oplonti. Kumemori kwalo mcimbi, uKarl Bryullov wabhala Umdwebo abadumile 'Izinsuku Zokugcina yasePompeii. "

Stratovolcano Ararati iyintaba iphuzu esiphezulu Turkey futhi ithafa Armenia. kuqhuma okugcina kwenzeka ngo-1840. It ubephelezelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba phansi ngokuphelele, olubheke edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane kanye sezindela. Ararati njengoba Caucasian Kazbek, kantsi sicuketse loku iziqongo ezimbili, ohlukanisa sehhashi.

izintaba-mlilo-Russian omkhulu (uhlu)

On endaweni Russian Federation, lo mlilo ku Kuril Islands ndawo, eKamchatka, eCaucasus and Trans-iBaikal. akhawunti Bona cishe 8.5% azo zonke izintaba-mlilo emhlabeni. Abaningi babo abhekwa yokuqothulwa, nakuba ukuqhuma ngokuzumayo le Nameless Oyedwa 1956 kanye Academy of Sciences, 1997 kwafakazela kwezinto kwethemu.

I-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo akhiwe eKamchatka kanye Kuril Islands. The esiphezulu njengoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe Eurasia (kuhlanganise nalezo ebezivele zikhona) kubhekwa yaseKlyuchevskaya Sopka (4835 metres). kuqhuma okugcina sabhalwa ngo 2013. Esikhathini Territories Primorsky naseKhabarovsk-mlilo ezincane kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphakama Baranovsky kuyinto 160 metres. umsebenzi wayo kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule yabonisa Berg (2005), Ebeko (2010), Chikurachki (2008), Kizimen (2013) kanye nabanye.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke izintaba-mlilo Russia letivetwe kulelithebula.

isiphetho

Izintaba-mlilo imithelela izinqubo asebenzayo letentiwako ngaphakathi kule planethi yethu. Basuke kwakheka asobala uqweqwe, lapho amagxolo abakwazi ukumelana namandla zokuhlasela kanye okushisa aphakeme. Imiphumela ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo Ingaba yinto engathí sina ngempela, njengoba ahambisana ekushayweni emkhathini umlotha, amagesi nesibabule.

Elikulesi sihloko imihlola nokuqhuma ngokuvamile ukuzamazama komhlaba futhi amaphutha. lava ogelezayo kuyinto lokushisa elikhulu kangaka, ukuthi kweso enza eziphilayo begazi.

Nokho, ngaphandle nje isenzo elimazayo mlilo ifa isinyathelo reverse. Lava, okuyinto akafikanga ebusweni, lingenza inhlabathi, ukwakha ezintabeni. Ngenxa yalo ukuqhuma i kwamanzi intabamlilo e Iceland isibe esiqhingini Surtsey.