Intambo yethemriki: ubukhulu. Intambo yametriki: GOST

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-threaded ingenye yezingxenye ezivame kakhulu ezitholakalayo ezivumela ukuqhuba umhlangano nokuqeda ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulimaza ubuqotho bezakhiwo, imishini kanye nezinqubo. Isizathu salokhu kuxhumano yinkambo esetshenziswe ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezidumbu zokujikeleza, ezivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinkomba ezichazwe ngezansi. Ukuhlelwa kwezintambo kukhonjiswe etafuleni elingezansi.

Thread metric

Isikrini sokusika noma okushicilelwe, esinesimo sezinyo ngesimo sezinxantathu ze-isosceles, kuyintambo ye-metric, ubukhulu bayo bulinganiselwe ngamamitha. Ngokomumo wesicelo sokusebenza, lo mgqomo u-cylindrical, kodwa ungaba nomqondo oqondile.

Lokhu okuthandwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni, ikakhulukazi okulandelayo:

• Amabhodlela;
• Amahange;
• Izikrini;
• I-hardware;
• Izinwele zezinwele;
• Amantongomane nezinto.

Ukusika isikhunta, esetshenziselwa ukuma kwesimo esivumelanayo, kubizwa ngentambo ye-metric taper. Isetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezidinga amalunga okukhiya okusheshayo, ngaphandle kokuvalwa okungeziwe futhi nokuqeda ukuvuza ngokudonsa okulula e-axis. Isetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwama-plugs noxhumano lwepayipi:

• Amafutha;
• Amafutha;
• Igesi;
• Amanzi;
• Umoya.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izintambo ze-tapered kanye ne-cylindrical zinephrofayili efanayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzihlanganisa ndawonye. Izintambo zemetric zihlukaniswa usayizi, ukuqondisa kokujikeleza, isinyathelo kanye nemingcele eyengeziwe ebonakala ekumakeleni.

Izindwangu zetambo zametriki

Ukusabalala kwamadayimende alo mkhakha kule mboni kunomkhawulo kusuka ku-0.25 kuya ku-600 mm, ububanzi obungaphezu kuka-68 mm intambo ngeke ibe yinto ejulile, kanti kuze kube yileli xabiso ihlukahluka. I-Thread nge-pitch enkulu isetshenziselwa amalunga ngaphansi kwemithwalo emikhulu neyesabekayo. Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi ngentambo enkulu lo mdlalo uhlale uhleliwe ngokuhambisana nobubanzi, ngokungafani nento encane, engafana, ehlukile futhi ekhonjiswa ngokungeziwe ekumakeleni.

Isibonelo, uma "i-M16" ihlangene kumadokhumenti obuchwepheshe noma imidwebo emahlangothini wezingxenye, lokhu kusho ukuthi incwadi M ichaza intambo yamatrikhi. Ubukhulu bokuphakama kwangaphandle kwe-turner yi-16 mm, futhi isinyathelo esikhulu socingo olujwayelekile si-2 mm, ngokusho kolwazi olunikezwe etafuleni (intambo yesigcawu sesibili iboniswa kubazali). Ngakho, intambo iyi-metric: ubukhulu obukhulu (i-GOST 24705-2004).

Izintambo ezinhle kakhulu

Ekumakeleni, isinyathelo esincane siboniswa ngemuva kokuphakama. Kubonakala kanje: "M16 × 0.5", lapho, njengoba sekuvele kwaziwa, i-M iyinhlangano yethempeli. Ukulinganisa ububanzi obungaphandle kuyi-16 mm, ngesayizi wesinyathelo esingu-0.5 mm. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngemva kokuphakama kwe-2 mm, umehluko phakathi kwe-pitch intambo ibonakala ngokuphawulekayo, okuholela ekuhlukaneni. Futhi imikhiqizo yobubanzi obulinganayo inezinhlobo eziningana zezinyathelo zokudweba okuhle, njengalezo ezicatshangwa ngo-16 mm:

• 1.5 mm;
• 1.0 mm;
• 0,75 mm;
• 0.5 mm.

Isibonelo, ingxenye yetafula inikezwa, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda nokucaca ububanzi bezintambo ezinhle, ngaphandle kokucabangela isinyathelo esikhulu esicatshangwe ekuqaleni.

Intambo yethemriki: ubukhulu obuyisisekelo (GOST 24705-2004)

Imingcele ecacisiwe

Ezingxenyeni eziningi zochungechunge, isinyathelo siboniswa ngokwehlukana (kubanikazi), futhi endaweni yayo inani lokuvakashelwa liboniswa. Nansi ukuthi lokhu kanye neminye imingcele eyengeziwe iboniswa kanjani ekumakeleni:

• (P1) - lapho uP isinyathelo se-1 mm, futhi siphenduka - 3 (isibonelo: M42 × 3 (P1));
• I-LH - intambo yesokunxele (isibonelo: M40 × 2LH);
• I-MK - intambo yametric tapered (isibonelo: MK24x1.5);
• I-EG-M noma i-GM, Lapho G ichaza intambo kwisisekelo se-cylindrical sokufaka ucingo noma ukufaka (isibonelo: EPL 6-GM5);
• I-G, h, H iyinkambu yokubekezelelana, ukubekezelelana kokuphakama kwesilinganiso kuhlanganiswe nobubanzi be-protrusion (isibonelo: M12-6g), nangenxa yamamitha ahlukene angaphakathi nangaphandle, kokubili ukubekezela kuboniswa ekumakeleni (isibonelo: M12-6g / 8H).

Thread diameters

Kunezinkomba ezichazwe ematafuleni okufingqa, okubalulekile ukucabangela ezimweni lapho uchungechunge lwemethrikhi lubhekwa khona - ubukhulu Amadayimitha:

• Ngaphandle (D no d);
• Ngaphakathi (D _{1 no-} d ₁ );
• Isilinganiso (D _{2 no-} d ₂ );
• Ngaphakathi ngaphansi kwesigxobo (d ₃ ).

Lapho isetshenziswe kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni okufakiwe kwe-sliding fit, ububanzi obuvamile bube obaluleke kakhulu, futhi uma kwenzeka ukulingana kwamanani, okukhulu kakhulu D ₂ amabhutshi kanye nezintambo ezincane kakhulu D ₂ .

Izinhlamvu ezinkulu D zikhomba amanani ama-diameter ezintambo zangaphakathi, kanti izingxenye ezisetshenziselwa ukungaphandle zibhekiswe ezincwadini ezincane - d. Izinombolo zibonisa indawo. Izinga lokunemba kwezinsimu zokubekezelelana lihlelwe ngamatshwayo encwadi: E, F, G, H, d, e, f, g, h, futhi, njengama-diameter, le ncwadi ibonisa indawo.

Ukulinganisa kwezintambo zametriki no-intshi

Ngokungafani namazwe aseYurophu namazwe asondelene nabo, lapho isimiso samatriki sanda khona ngemva kokubusa kukaNapoleon, emazweni amakholomu aseBrithani kanye nama satellite ayo yonke into eyenziwa ohlelweni lwombuso. Kulesi simiso, ukulinganisa kwezintambo nokuxhuma kwabo kwenziwa ngamasentimitha.

Ukusika isikhunta, esinesimo sezinyo ngesimo sezinxantathu ze-isosceles, esinamazinga angama-degree angu-55. (Esikhathini se-UTS se-USA naseCanada - ama-degrees angu-60) kubizwa ngokuthi intambo ye intshi, ubukhulu bayo buyizintintshi, futhi umgodi usezingeni lokuguquka ngamasentimitha angu - 1,5 = 24.5 mm .Lezintambo zokulungisa zenziwa ebangeni Kusuka ku-3/16 ", igama libonisa ububanzi obungaphandle.

Ukulinganisa ngentambo yamasentimitha nethemitri Kulinganiswa nge-caliper, futhi uma kwenzeka uchungechunge lwamatriki lokhu kuzokwanela, khona-ke ngamasentimitha emva kokulinganisa sebenzisa itafula elikhethekile. Uma kusetshenzwa izintambo, kusetshenziswe izifanekiso ezikhethekile, kodwa kukhona indlela ejwayelekile yokulinganisa isinyathelo: uma ugoqa iphepha eliphethe intambo, pheqa umkhiqizo izikhathi eziningana, umkhondo ushicilelwe ephepheni, ukuvumela ukuba ulinganise umbusi. Uma usebenzisa iphepha njengephepha, isidingo sokuba umbusi asisadingeki - kwanele ukubala inani lamamaki kumaseli amabili (1 cm) bese uhlukanisa ngo-10.

Ubukhulu be-hole

Ukuthola izintambo kungenxa yokuthi:

• Ukugoqa kwamafutha okugcoba nezinhloko;
• Ukusika ama-cutters, ama-combs noma ama-cutters;
• Ukusika kufa noma kumathinta;
• Ukukhishwa okulungile;
• Abrasive noma i-EDM.

Ukuze uthathe izintambo zangaphandle, umsebenzi owenziwa ngomsebenzi uyisindwangu futhi uhlanjululwe, kuyilapho ngaphansi kwangaphakathi imbobo encane yamatriki (ubukhulu) idonswe, kodwa inkulu kunebubanzi bayo bangaphakathi. Ngemuva kokunquma ubukhulu bemigodi ngaphansi kocingo lwe-metric, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi uma usika isikhombisi ngaphakathi, i-extrusion encane yezinto ezibonakalayo ezithatha iqhaza ekwakheni iphrofayli efayiliwe kwenzeka. Kubuye kubalulekile ukucabangela izindawo zokwakha lapho kusetshenzwa khona, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bokudoba ngo-0.1 mm.

Ubukhulu bamantongomane ngentambo yametrikhi

I-nut ingenye yezingxenye zezici zokuqinisa, ezinezintambo zangaphakathi. Zihluka ngokuphakama ngokulingana nobubanzi namandla, ngokusho kwenhloso nokucushwa. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke amantongomane okhiye noma i-hex, nansi uhlu lwawo ngokukhombisa ama-GOST:

• I-GOST 5915-70 - usayizi ophakathi;
• I-GOST 15523-70 - phezulu;
• IGOST 22354-77 - amandla anyukile;
• I-GOST 5916-70 - i-nut encane ene-recess;
• I-GOST 10605-94 - ngensimbi yobubanzi ngaphezu kwama-48 mm.

Kunamantongomane amaningi nenhloso ekhethekile, nansi ezinye izibonelo nama-GOST awo:

• Uhlobo lwe-Cap (i-hexagonal) - I-GOST 11860-85;
• Ukukhwabanisa okubhaliwe (i-nut-lamb) - GOST 3032-74;
• Umqhele oqotshiwe - GOST 5919-73;
• Ihlanganiswe ngesakhiwo - i-GOST 11871-88, i-GOST 10657-80;
• Ukuzungeza, ekupheleni, izimbobo ezigubhayo - GOST 6393-73;
• Ukusebenza ngemicibisholo (ama-bolts oso) - GOST 22355 (DIN580, DIN 582).

Ipharamitha ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokuxhumeka okufakiwe yi-nuts kanye nezintambo ezifanako. Amanani wezintambo eziningi ezifunwa nge-pitch enkulu zikhonjisiwe etafuleni elingezansi, lapho i-S iyisayizi ehluthulelwe, i- width ye nut, futhi m ubude bayo.

Ithebula lokufaniswa kwezintambo namantongomane (GOST 5915-70 ne-GOST 10605-94)

Amazinga

Izintambo eziyisisekelo zomtholo zihambisana ne-GOST 24705-2004, eguqulela izinga - ISO 724: 1993 (ukuhlukaniswa ngamazwe ngamazwe). Le GOST kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2005 iyinhlangano kahulumeni yeRussian Federation futhi iyakhathalela izithakazelo zomnotho wamazwe angu-12, ngaphambili ayengamalungu e-USSR, awavotela. Ngaphansi kwesenzo saso, ubukhulu bomthamo we-metric we-GOST 9150 ngezinhloso eziningi ezifakiwe kufakiwe, kanye namamitha kanye nezinyathelo ze-GOST 8724.

Ngezindinganiso zokuguquguquka, leli GOST libhekisela kumazinga alandelayo angamazwe ngamazwe nakwazwelonke:

• IGOST 8724-2002 (ISO 261-1998);
• IGOST 9150-2002 (ISO 68-1: 1998);
• I-GOST 11708-82;
• I-GOST 16093-2004 (ISO 965-1: 1998 ne-ISO 965-3: 1998).

Le GOST ilungisa zonke izilinganiso eziyinhloko, ukubekezelelana okunokwenzeka, amagama namagama amafomula wokubala i-diameter:

• D ₂ = D - 2 x 3/8 H = D - 0.6495 P;
• D ₂ = D - 2 x 3/8 H = d - 0.6495 P;
• D ₁ = D - 2 x 5/8 H = D - 1.0825 P;
• D ₁ = D - 2 x 5/8 H = d - 1.0825 P;
• D ₃ = d-2 17/24 H = d = 1.2277 P.

Kunzima ukucabanga ngempilo yanamuhla ngaphandle kwemishini kanye nezinqubo, kunzima nakakhulu ukucabanga inqubo ngaphandle kwama-detachable joints ehlinzeka ngemicu. Ukusebenza kahle, ukukhululeka kokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa okunethezeka kuqine ukuthi ukuxhumeka okufakiwe kuyindawo ehloniphekile emlandweni wezwe.