ICE (yangaphakathi omlilo injini): izici jikelele, zinhlobo

Ukwanda ezishisayo of igesi namuhla isetshenziswa kumadivayisi amaningi. Lokhu izinjini turbojet, futhi diesel, carburetors futhi ... Heat iyunithi kungaba ezimbili zama:

• zangaphandle amandla omlilo engine;
• ICE (yangaphakathi omlilo injini).

Sibheka ngokuningiliziwe uhlobo idivayisi yesibili.

izici Jikelele

Ngo izimoto eziningi namuhla, amadivayisi njenge efakiwe, lapho yangaphakathi omlilo injini isimiso kuhilela ukwehlukana ukushisa futhi iguqulwe ibe umsebenzi lokukhanda. Le nqubo wenziwa amasilinda.

I embodiments ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI ehlangana ukufuduka kanye izinjini.
Zingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi abe usayizi elincane nesisindo. Kodwa ethile zale kuyinto ukuhamba piston, okuyinto eyenzeka ngendlela reciprocating iqhaza mshini crank, okuyinto kulolu hlangothi, eyenza umsebenzi nzima, kodwa ngakolunye - ngumkhawulo ukwandisa isivinini. Okubi yamuva zile uma ezinkulu motor Ubukhulu.

Creation, ukuthuthukiswa futhi, ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwe-yangaphakathi omlilo engine, yebo, ngokusekelwe umphumela ukunwetshwa ezishisayo, lapho amagesi evuthayo enze umsebenzi ewusizo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucindezela amandla omlilo endaweni isilinda evele igxume, kanye piston uhamba. Lona nomgomo wokusebenzisa indlunzula isinyathelo, okuyinto asenza lapho ukunwebeka ezishisayo Njengoba lisetshenziswe yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.

Ukuze ewusizo amandla mechanical is wenziwa njalo, ekamelweni omlilo kumele agcwaliswa emoyeni-fuel ingxube, ukuze piston ushayela crankshaft, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - isondo.

izimoto Iningi namuhla ezine-unhlangothi, futhi amandla kubo iguqulwe cishe ngokuphelele ku ewusizo.

Umlando omncane

Mshini wokuqala walolu hlobo yadalwa 1860 yi-engineer French futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili ke National ezihlongozwayo ukusebenzisa umjikelezo ezine, lapho ukusebenza kwe-yangaphakathi omlilo injini kufaka ukuncela, kokucindezelwa, amandla omlilo futhi ukunwetshwa, futhi qeda.

Ngo-1878, isiJalimane physics chetyrehtaktnik owasungula le yokuqala, nekusebenta okuyinto kwafinyelela ku-22%, okuyinto kakhulu wawudlula izici bonke ababengaphambi.

motor enjalo aqala ukuthola ukusakazwa emikhakheni ehlukene yempilo. Namuhla-ke isetshenziswa izimoto, imishini yezolimo, imikhumbi, amakhanda, ezindizeni, izitshalo amandla nokunye.

Ngebuhle nebubi

Ikakhulu alichaza impumelelo izici esisebenzayo itholakala kahle, compactness nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini uyakwazi ukusebenzisa kuzimo abavamile kakhulu ke ngokushesha yanda futhi ifinyelela umthwalo egcwele. Ukuze izimoto ezinjalo kuba harakteristkah ebalulekile njengesici esibalulekile unyathela amabhuleki torque engu.

Amandla omlilo engine (injini) uyakwazi bahlinza zokubasa ezahlukene, kuphethiloli Ukushisa uwoyela kubhayela.

Nokho, lezi izinjini benezingane eziningi ezingezinhle, phakathi okuyizinto umthamo elinganiselwe, komsindo, ovamile kakhulu crankshaft Ukujikeleza phakathi ekuqaleni-up, ukungakwazi ukuxhuma amasondo drive, lo ubuthi, le piston reciprocates.

izindlu

Leli bhokisi design zakudala ehlanganisa isilinda, emakhanda abo, esimweni uqhekeko engxenyeni engezansi crankcase, kanye Uhlaka eliyisisekelo nge zamabhodlela. Kwenzeka monoblock design. Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo ka ngokwemvelo kusho indlela ehlukile ukulungisa.

Imisuka izindlu injini ziyisisekelo, lapho izingxenye zixhunywe isikhathi futhi crank indlela, Ukupholisa izinhlelo, ugesi, Lubrication nokunye.

ngezigaba

Inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini (yangaphakathi omlilo engine), lapho inqubo kwenzeka amasilinda ngokwabo. Kodwa izinjini kungenziwa labizwa nezinye izici ezihlukahlukene.

Ngu indlela lomjikelezo yokusebenza, zingabantu:

• ezimbili-unhlangothi;
• ezine-unhlangothi.

Njengoba indlela obumba inhalanganiselo yangaphakathi omlilo injini:

• nefomu yangaphandle (igesi futhi carburetor);
• injini nge yangaphakathi ingxube kumiswa (diesel).

Esikhathini indlela Ukupholisa:

• uketshezi;
• emoyeni.

I amasilinda:

• isilinda olulodwa;
• Cylinder ezimbili;
• multi-cylinder.

Ngu okusha

• irowu (mpo noma etshekile);
• V emise.

Ngokugcwalisa uMbhalo emoyeni:

• aspirated;
• supercharged.

Ngokwe yangaphakathi isivinini amandla omlilo engine (injini) ithi:

• ongaphakeme-isivinini;
• imvamisa high;
• speedboat.

Ngokwe-fuel esetshenziswa:

• multi-fuel;
• igesi;
• udizili;
• kaphethiloli.

Ngokwe- degree of kokucindezelwa :

• okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• ongaphakeme.

Ngu aphoyintimenti:

• autotractor;
• Aviation;
• umile;
• ngomkhumbi nokunye.

amandla

Amandla ngokuvamile ibalwa amayunithi umgwaqo amahhashi.
Leli gama laqanjwa ngasekupheleni umsunguli IsiZulu ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili owayegade amahhashi edonsa kubhasikidi nge amalahle ezimayini. Ngu yokulinganisa isisindo umthwalo futhi ukuphakama lapho kuvuswa, D. Watt bala ihhashi akwazi ukudonsa amalahle ngomzuzu nge ukujula ezithile. Kamuva lo phiko waziqamba amagama zonke aziwa elithi "amahhashi". Ngemva International System of Units (SI), HP wamukelwa ngonyaka 1960 Waba iyunithi asizayo okuyinto ilingana 736 Watts.