I-Viola Vittrock: izici kanye nokuhlelwa kwensimu

I-viola elicwengileko emnene yomndeni odumile we-Vialkovs iyaziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola umuntu ongajwayelene nesitshalo, okuyinto eRussia ebizwa nangokuthi "i-pansy". Noma ubani angakhula imbali enjalo. Abameli abakhulayo belolu hlobo - izitshalo ezindala kunazo zonke, ezivamile, njengombuso, ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba zezindawo ezifudumele zeNyakatho Hemisphere, zazikhona ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ezedlule. Zibalwa izinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa kanti ezinye zazo zikhona ezindaweni ezithile, isibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezitholakala kuphela eNingizimu Melika yase-Andes, ama-subtropics aseBrazil, amahlathi ase-Australia noma eNew Zealand.

Ngekhulu le-16, i- violet yayihlwanyelwe , ilandelwa yi- violet yentaba. Abantu baseYurophu bajwayelene nale mbono, ebizwa ngokuthi iViola Violet, futhi iyimvelo yezitshalo ezintathu - i-violas ephuzi, i-tricolor ne-Altai, ngekhulu le-19. Namuhla, lo mbono wensimu usuke ube isiko esithandwayo, ubala izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezingamakhulu eziningana futhi uhlobisa izivande namapaki kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Masikhulume ngalesi siko, izintandokazi zalo, ukukhula nokuzikhethela kokunakekelwa.

Viola Vittrock: incazelo yezinhlobo

Le violet edumile iyisitshalo esingapheli, se-biennial noma se-herbaceous yonyaka, efinyelela ku-15-30 cm ukuphakama, ngesistimu yezintambo ezinobuthi nokudubula okuqondile okuqondile. Izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ziye zahlela amaqabunga, okulula noma amaphephu: okuhlinzekwa ngama-stipules, angakhula kusuka e-basal rosette, noma ehlelwe ngeziqu. Izimbali zingashadile, zikhula kusuka ezonini ezinamapulangwe amancane futhi zifinyelele ngobukhulu obukhulu (ububanzi buka-5-7 cm), zibhekene nendawo encane yesihlahla. Ngefomu zilula, i-terry ne-wavy, emaphethelweni ahlanganisiwe noma aqoshiwe. Amapulangwe aphezulu wezimbali ezinama-marigolds ayingqayizivele, aphansi nalabo abancanyana. Imibala yemidwebo yezinhlobonhlobo zamasiko ihluke kakhulu: engashadile futhi ehlukene, ebalahlekile, eqoshiwe. Uthando olukhethekile lwabalimi lubangelwa ukuthi ukuvuthwa kukaVittrock kukhululekile, kukhulula kanyekanye kuze kufike kumafihlethi angu-25. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sincike ngesikhathi sokutshala: kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni noma kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kumakhaza. Kunezinhlobo zemifino ezingakwazi ukuqhakaza phakathi nonyaka wehlobo. Izinhlamvu ezincane ezivuthiwe ziqoqwe ebhokisini lesithelo. Ukuhluma kwabo kuqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweJardin

Isikhathi eside esitshalwe emasimini njengesitshalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala futhi uhlobo olusakazeka kakhulu lwama-violets emasikweni, okuthiwa uViola Vittroka, luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ze-gardenes, ezihlukanisa ngezigaba ezahlukene: isikhathi kanye nobude bezimbali, isimo, ubukhulu, umbala wezimbali, izinga lokumelana nokubandayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ubukhulu bezimbali kanye nenombolo yabo nesikhathi esifanayo kucatshangelwa, izinhlobo ze-viola zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-grandiflora ne-multiflora-multiflora. Lapho ukhetha njengomgqa wokubala, amamaki ahlukaniswe ngokomzimba abe yedwa, kabili, enemibala eminingi noma embala. Sula ukuhlukaniswa, ukuchaza imingcele yezinhlobonhlobo, azikho, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukucacisa, ngoba izinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo zinganqunywa ngesikhathi esisodwa eqenjini lebala, i-bicolour noma i-multicolor.

Izinhlobo ezidumile

Ngeke sigxile ekuhlunguleni zonke izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu namuhla. Isibonelo, ukuqashelwa nokuthanda abalimi bathola i-Wittrock Viola "iBaroque" - isiko elimangalisayo, elingenakuzithoba elikhula ngamasentimitha angu-30 futhi lijabulisa izimbali eziningi zezimbali ezinkulu, ezinamahloni ezikhanyayo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-terracotta ngezikhathi zonke zasehlobo. Etshalwe ngendlela yokutshala, le-blooms violet ngonyaka wokutshala. Ubuhle nembala ekhanyayo kuthakazelisa i-Viola Vittrock "i-Baroque". Izithombe zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikezwe kusihloko. Izimbali zifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu - 5-7 cm ububanzi.

I-Wittrock Viola ethi "i-Terry lace" ehlobisa kakhulu, egameni layo elicacile ukuthi le violet - umnikazi wezimbali ezinkulu (6-8 cm) ngobuhle obumangalisayo ne-relief relief okwehla. Lezi zihlukahlukene ziyamangalisa ngezinga eliphakeme lokuqina kobusika, ukungathobeki, ikhono lokuthuthuka ngokugcwele emhlabathini wenoma yiluphi ukwakhiwa nokugcina izimbali eziqhubekayo kuyo yonke inkathi.

Viola Vittroca: ukukhula

I-Viola iqinile futhi ingaqineki, ikhula kahle emthunzini, nakuba ikhulu kakhulu elangeni futhi izimbali zikhulu. Ngakho-ke, isayithi likhethiwe, uma kungenzeka, ilanga, elisezingeni eliphezulu, ngaphandle kokusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kuphawula ukuthi i-violet ingakhula ngempumelelo kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nenhlabathi eyingozi kunazo zonke, kodwa ikhetha izimbali ezivundile. Ngaphambi kokutshala lesi sitshalo, inhlabathi esakhiweni kumele ilungiselelwe ngokumba igwevu ibe yi-bayonet bese wengeza u-10 kg we-humus ne-peat kanye no-5 kg wesihlabathi ngomitha ngamunye we-square.

Seeding on izithombo

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhula i-viola ibhekwa njengesithombo. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokuthola i-flowerbed flower ehlobo, kanti imbewu ehlwanyelwe ngoJuni iyoba umjikelezo weminyaka emibili yentuthuko nezimbali zizovela ekuqaleni kwehlobo ezayo. Lezi zici ze-botanical zesitshalo ezifana neViola Vittrock. Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuqala ngoFebruwari-Mashi ngokufaka usuku oluyisixazululo se-biostimulator, isibonelo, "Epin", "Zircon" noma "Heteroauxin", okuhlanganiswa okuhambisana nezincomo ezilandelwayo kumuthi. Iziqukathi zezinhlamvu zigcwele igesi elikhethekile le-violets ethengwe esitolo, imigodi imakwe, imbewu ihlwanyelwa futhi amanzi athululelwa. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngenhlabathi, iziqukathi zihlanganiswe nefilimu ebonakalayo noma ingilazi futhi ifakwe ekamelweni elinokushisa kwe-15-17 ° C.

Izithombo nama Picks

Izithombo zivela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15. Lapho nje ukuhluma kuqala, indawo yokugcina ifilimu isusiwe, futhi amabhokisi anezithombo afakwa endaweni epholile (+ 10 ° C). Ukunakekela izithombo phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuqukethe ukuchelela njalo ngamanzi afudumele nokusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esiyinkimbinkimbi somanyolo wezithombo njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Njengoba kubonakala amaqabunga ambalwa wangempela, izithombo ezikhulile zitshalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukene. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka cishe inyanga nengxenye emva kokuhluma. Ngokukhula okunamandla kwezithombo, kuyadingeka ukuba ushayele i-viola isikhathi esengeziwe, kepha ngokuvamile ukukhetha okukodwa kuyanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthazela okumangalisayo kwe-violet kukuvumela ukuba uhlale kahle embhedeni wembali ngisho nangemva kokutshala izitshalo zezimbali.

Imigomo yokutshala embhedeni wembali

Tshala izithombo ze-viola emhlabathini ovulekile, ugxile ezintweni zezulu zendawo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Into esemqoka ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngemuva kokusongelwa kwama-frosts okuphindaphindiwe, ngoba ama-violets angenakunyakaziswa futhi angenakunyakaziswa angeke abangele ama-frost abukhali. Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala bulula: izithombo zifakwe emithonjeni elungiselelwe ngesikhathi esingaba ngu-10-15 cm, izimpande zifafazwe ngenhlabathi, zihlanganiswe nenhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo futhi zanisela ngamanzi. Izinhlobo ezingapheli ze-violas zanda kakhulu futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zilahlekelwa ukuhlobisa. Izinhlobo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zisakazwa kalula nge-cuttings.

Ukunakekela i-viola emhlabathini ovulekile

Izinkimbinkimbi zemisebenzi yokuthandana zilula futhi zendabuko zokutshala izitshalo ezifana neViola's Viola. Ukunakekelwa kuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwesikhashana kwenhlabathi nokukhipha ukhula olukhulayo. Ukucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sesitshalo, futhi kungenasisekelo futhi kungabekwa ngaphansi kwe-15-20 cm, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga lokumswakama kanye nezikhathi ezimanzi ukugcina inhlabathi enomswakama. Ukwandisa izimbali, kubalulekile ukusika amaqabunga ahlukanisiwe, njengoba ukuvuthwa kwembewu kudonsela emandleni okutshala, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwezimbali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokondla okuhle. UViola Vittroca uyaphendula ngesibhakabhaka esiphuthumayo sokusebenza kwanyangazonke kwe-ammonium nitrate noma i-superphosphate ngesiliva se-25-30 g ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.

Izigaba zokunakekelwa ezamukelekile ziyamukeleka kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-violets zensimu, kufaka phakathi ne-Viola Vittroca "i-Baroque". Izithombo ezikhulayo ezivela imbewu kanye nokutshala okulandelwayo emhlabathini ovulekile kuyindlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuthola umbala ogqamile, ogcwele umbala, ama-flowerbeds.

Izifo nezinambuzane ze-viola

I-Agrotechnics ye-violets ekhulayo ilula, kodwa ukungabi nokugcinwa kwemithetho elula kuholela ezinkingeni. Ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane noma ukuvela kwezifo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukungafezeki kwezigaba ezibalwe. Ngokuvamile iViola's viola inesifo se-powdery, i-plaque emhlophe ebonakala emaqabunga, iziqu nezimbali. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokufaka umanyolo we-nitrojeni wokudlulela ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kwe-phosphate-potash noma izimo zezulu ezibi, lapho izinsuku ezishisayo, ezomile zihambisana nokusa okusawoti ngamanzi amaningi. Umswakama owedlulele ungabangela ukubola okumpunga nomlenze omnyama. Ukuqeda izifo ezinjalo ngokuphalaza ngesisombululo se "Fundazol", i-caustic soda noma ukumnika kwe-sulfur emhlabathini ngokukhipha izingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo.

Phakathi kwezinambuzane-izinambuzane, amacimbi we-clover scoop ne-violet umama we-pearl ayingozi kakhulu, ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha adla amapheshana e-viola. Ziyabhubhisa ngokusitshala isixazululo se-chlorophos, ama-carbofos noma ama-infusions kagwayi.

Ukuqoqwa kwembewu

Imbewu eshiywe ku-peduncles ivuthwe phakathi kuka-Agasti-Septemba. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali zibune, amabhokisi amancane anezinhlobo ezincane ezinobundu. Kubalulekile ukungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabo, njengoba amabhokisi evula futhi ehlakaza imbewu. Ukulungela imbewu yokuqoqa kubonakala ngokuguqula amabhokisi omzimba phezulu. Zihlungwa ngokucophelela, izinhlamvu zikhishwa futhi zigcinwe ukuze zomiswe, bese zifakwa kwisitoreji emiphongolweni noma esiqandisini, njengoba zidinga ukuklanywa.

Uma amabhokisi anembewu engahlanjulwanga ngokukhethekile, khona-ke imbewu ihlwanyelwa yedwa, futhi amahlumela afanayo angabonwa kakade ekwindla noma entwasahlobo ezayo. Kulesi simo izitshalo zitshalwe ezindaweni ezilungiselelwe, zichitha isikhathi sokutshala kanye nezinqubo ezihambisanayo, isikhathi kanye nomzamo.

Izinkinga zasebusika

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-violets ezingapheli, ezitholakala kuVittrock Viola, (izithombe ezishicilelwe encwadini) zingakwazi ukumelana neziqhwa ezinzima kakhulu (phansi kuya ku -30 ºC), uma kuqala ukushisa kwangempela, amasimu agcwele amahlumela e-spruce noma ahlanganiswe nesitshalo esomile.

Lezi yizinto eziphawulekayo zokunakekela ama-violets ahlobisa futhi angenakuhlonipha izingadi lokuhlobisa kanye ne-park interiors, ejabulisa imibala yokuqinisa impilo kanye nobude obumangalisayo bokulimala kanye nabalimi be-amateur nabalimi bezitshalo abaqeqeshiwe.