I-barometer yezwe yomnotho

I-Dow Jones Industrial Average is index of stock of amasheya ezinkampani ezingamashumi amathathu ezinkulu zaseMelika. Idalwe ngu-editor-in-chief of The WallStreetJournal nguCharles Doe ngo-1884 futhi ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi okuvaliwe.

Eqinisweni emakethe yanamuhla, inkomba yezimboni ze-Dow Jones ibizwa nje ngokuthi inkokhelo emlandweni, ngoba iningi lala malungu angena ekubalweni kwawo akuzona abahlanganyeli abagcwele kulo mbutho.

Okokuqala, inkomba ibalwa njenge-arithmetic kusho phakathi kwamanani amasheya abo bonke abahlanganyeli. Manje konke kuhlukile kancane. Isamba sokubaluleka kwaso sonke sihlukaniswe sibe isahlulelo esithile, esihlala sishintsha i-corporation ekhona ekuhlukanisweni kweskampani noma ukuhlanganisa. Inkomba yokuqala eshicilelwe yayingasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngo-1896. Kwakuhlanganisa izinkampani eziyishumi nambili ezinkulu kunazo zonke zaseMelika zasemabhizinisi ngaleso sikhathi. Kuze kube manje, enkampanini yezinkampani ezindala kakhulu "yiGeneral General" kuphela. Le nkampani yashiya le club elite kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 iminyaka eminingana, futhi yaba ngumhlanganyeli unomphela.

Ngemuva kuka-1928, lapho inani lezinkampani ezibandakanyeka kule nkomba zaba nezinombolo ezingu-30 zazo futhi azizange zishintshe. Ukujikeleza okuhlala njalo kusho ukushintshwa kwezinkampani eyodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa phakathi nezinkinga ezinkulu zezomnotho ezihlobene nezenzakalo ezibizwa ngokuthi "Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu KweMelika", izinkampani ezingu-7-8 ngokushesha zaphuma ngezibalo zokulinganisa. Kwakukhona izikhathi eziningana lapho abahlanganyeli bokulinganisa behlala bengashintshi iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa nesishiyagalombili. Kwakukhona lezi zinsuku ezimbili kusukela ekuqaleni kwamasongo kuya phakathi kwamashumi ayisikhombisa.

Isilinganiso sokuqala esishicilelwe sasingaphansi kwamaphoyinti angu-41. Izinkulungwane zokuqala zatholakala kuphela phakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha. Kule minyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, lapho i-US yayingumsebenzi wokukhula kwezimboni, inkomba yafinyelela uphawu lwezinkulungwane ezingu-5, kanti ngo-1999, amaphuzu ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Ekuqaleni kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, ukukhula kwenkomba kwabonakala ngokuphawulekayo, okubonakalayo ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eNew York.

Kuphawulwe ngokushiyeka kwenkomba esinikeza kuphela amanani ajwayelekile we-share price ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa nenani lesisekelo, ngakho-ke inkomba ingalinganiswa kuphela nenani elifanayo. Futhi ukufakwa kwezingu-30 kuphela, noma izinkampani ezinkulu ngokwabo, akunikezi umbono ocacile wemizwelo emakethe.

Esikhathini sokucaphuna kwenkomba okwamanje kukhona izinkampani ezidumile emhlabeni njenge Coca-Cola, Disney, Boeing, McDonald's nezinye eziningi.

Naphezu kwakho konke, inkomba ye-Dow Jones ihlala indala kunazo zonke futhi ihlonishwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izingcaphuno zomhlaba eziziwa emhlabeni, futhi ukulinganisa kwayo okuzinzile kungenye yezinhlamvu zezwe zokuzinza kwezomnotho.