I-Alfafetoprotein ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP

I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) iyiprotheni e-embryonic eyenziwa yi-isibindi kanye nezitho zomntwana wesisu, ngokuvamile esivela egazini nase-amniotic fluid yabesifazane abakhulelwe. Amazinga aphezulu noma aphansi e-alpha-phosphate amaprotheni angase ahlotshaniswe nezinkinga ezithile zokuzalwa ezinjenge- Edwards syndrome, i-Down's syndrome, i-anencephaly, i-splitting of the spine, njll. Uhlolo-AFP luzosiza ekuboneni ukuphutha okungenzeka kube khona ekuthuthukiseni ingane.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa-AFP?

Phakathi nesikhathi esivela emavikini angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 okukhulelwa, abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bayanconywa ukuba benze izifo zokuhlaselwa kwe-perinatal engavamile, okuvame ukubabangela ukwethuka. Enye yezindlela ezinobumnene kakhulu ezingadingi ukungena ngaphakathi kungukuhlolwa kwe-AFP, okuyinto enquma i-alpha-fetoprotein ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa egazini likaMama. Igazi elisuka emithanjeni yomama liyathathwa futhi lithunyelwe ebhokisithri ukuze lihlaziywe. Umphumela, ngokuvamile owaziwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili, uqhathaniswa nobudala bomama nobuhlanga ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi izifo zingase zibe nezifo zofuzo.

Izinkomba ezinembile kakhulu kuloluhlolo zivela emavikini angu-16 kuya kwangu-18. Ngenxa yokuthi i-alfa-fetoprotein ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinguquko zayo zishintsha izinga, ngenxa yemiphumela ethembekile yocwaningo, usuku oluqondile lokukhulelwa luyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayitholakali, kodwa isignali kuphela ukuthi ukuxilongwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kubonakale ukungaboni kahle kokubeletha ebusweni.

Ubani ohlolwe ukuhlolwa-AFP?

Yiqiniso, kuyadingeka ukuthi bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe baqhube ukuhlolwa okufanayo. Kodwa-ke, i-alfa-fetoprotein edingekayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kumele inqume abesifazane:

• Unomlando womndeni weziphambeko zokuzalwa;
• Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-35;
• Wathatha izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
• Bulawa yisifo sikashukela.

Uma i-alfa-fetoprotein yanda, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi i-fetus ekhulayo ine-neural tube defect, isibonelo, i-spina bifida noma i-anencephaly, i-anomalies yezinso kanye ne-urinary tract, kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa komzimba. Izinga eliphakeme le-alfa-fetoprotein lingabuye lisikisela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwesiguli. Kodwa-ke, imbangela evamile kakhulu yamazinga e-AFP aphakanyisiwe ukuphola okungalungile kokukhulelwa.

Uma i-alfa-fetoprotein inganqunywa ngokukhulelwa namazinga angavamile we-hCG ne-estriol, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi i-fetus ekhulayo ingaba nokuphuza ukuthuthukiswa, i-trisomy 18 (i-Edwards syndrome), i- trisomy 21 (i-Down's syndrome), noma olunye uhlobo lwe-chromosomal engavamile.

Imiphumela ye-AFP yokuhlola

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-AFP akuyona ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, kubonisa kuphela ukuthi impilo ye-fetus isengozini. Uma izinga elingajwayelekile le-alfa-fetoprotein litholakala, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuhlolwa okuqondile. Indlela eqhubekayo yokuzibandakanya ihilela ukuhlola i-AFP yesibili noma i-3D ultrasound. Uma ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi i- alpha-fetoprotein ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isilinganiso se-AFP sibalwa kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokubeletha) sibhekwa noma sithathwe njengokungathi singenqunywa, izinqubo eziningi ezingenayo zibekiwe, isibonelo, amniocentesis.

Naphezu kokuthi i-alfa-fetoprotein yokuhlolwa ayenzelwe bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe, kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kokungahambi kahle lapho kuthathwa igazi, azikho izingozi nemiphumela emibi ehambisana nokuziphatha kwayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa okujwayelekile, okungahlanganisi ukungena kwangaphakathi, ngakho-ke akubeka ingozi kumama noma kumntwana. Uma ngabe ukuhlolwa kunganikezwa, owesifazane angasifakazela ekuziphatheni ngokwakhe (uma, eqinisweni, ucabanga ukuthi kungamsiza yena nomntanakhe) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yiyiphi indlela evamile yokukhulelwa.