High-speed onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan. High Speed Rail

Kazan ingenye emadolobheni waseRussia ngobukhulu kanye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini yezwe. Ngakho-ke akuyona efanele kakhulu umbuzo sesimanje ezokuthutha izixhumanisi phakathi le ndawo futhi inhloko-dolobha Motherland yethu - eMoscow. Lokhu kungenxa umfutho anda umgibeli nempahla e nesiqondiso esinikezwe. Sesitimela ngesivinini onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan, ukwakhiwa ehlelelwe umhla esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, yakhelwe kakhulu yokuxazulula le nkinga.

izinkinga zokuthutha

Njengamanje, Russia nase-inhloko-dolobha Tatarstan uxhuma ukulandelela federal amagugu M7 "iVolga" eMoscow - Kazan. Ngemoto, ukushayela ke kusukela komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye kungaba ngemva kokuchitha nengxenye ezinhle ngosuku. Indlela onguthelawayeka sidlula amadolobha Vladimir futhi Nizhny Novgorod. Lokhu umzila iyingxenye eMoscow onguthelawayeka - Ufa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke okungukuthi ingxenye E22 European komgwaqo.

Kuyo ibanga lalo onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan (820 km) has a izinga kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu enamathela kanzima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa ukucinana kwamaloli nezimoto uma zidlula, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze alungise.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo jantshi idolobha uxhuma eMoscow - Kazan, obuhlehlela emuva ngaphezulu 1897. Ngo-1960 kwathiwa gesi.

Okwamanje, ezokuthutha imithambo ekhona phakathi eMoscow Kazan ukwenza imisebenzi yabo kancane kuphela. Ngenxa umfutho high traffic kubo, futhi ngenxa izici lobuchwepheshe, abakwazi kwezokuxhumana ngesivinini phakathi kwala madolobha womabili ezinkulu.

Izindlela solution

Ikhambi langempela lenkinga sokunqoba Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo isikhathi endleleni ephakathi kwamadolobha amabili kungenzeka kuphela umgwaqo express eMoscow - Kazan. Lunikeza izindlela ezimbili ukugcwaliseka umqondo enikeziwe: ukwakhiwa umgwaqo ovulekile noma wesitimela yesimanje. Inketho gama ngalo mqondo wesibili akukhetha, ngoba ezongenza ukusuka okuqala sasilibangise esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi.

Ngakho indlela umphakathi owakheke ngayo kancane kancane eza umbono yokudala wesitimela high-speed eMoscow - Kazan.

Umqondo iphrojekthi

Kuze kube manje, Russian Federation, akukho olulodwa ngesivinini wesitimela ithrekhi. Ngokokuqala ngqá kudalwa efanayo phrojekthi waqala Aleksandr Sergeevich Misharin. Ngo-2009, wasikisela ukuba uzakhele ishadi lokulandelana kwezenzakalo ezinjalo ujantshi phakathi eMoscow eYekaterinburg. Lokhu endaweni yomsebenzi ukuze kwakhe akuvelanga eseyintsha, njengoba nje ayemthembisile ngaphambilini wakhonza njengephayona likaNgqongqoshe Railways.

Ngo-2010, u-Alexander ikhiphe nesiphakamiso sokuba kwenziwe iphrojekthi ethize. Misharin umqondo sasekelwa uhulumeni yaseTatarstan. Kodwa ngalesi sigaba tetinkhulumomphendvulwano kwaba kuphela ezingeni lesifunda kanye likahulumeni ngesikhathi ngobuhlobo bakhe elalingazange.

Ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi sikahulumeni ezingeni imibono

Ezingeni federal, umqondo ukwakhiwa wokuqala high speed wesitimela waseRussia kwahlongozwa ngo-2013 nguMongameli Russian uVladimir Putin. Wathi lokhu Sochi. Kwamenyezelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sihlelelwe ukwakha iphrojekthi onjalo wokufuna izikhundla njengoba umgwaqo omkhulu ngesivinini eMoscow - Kazan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uVladimir Vladimirovich ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kungenzeka ukucabangela ongakhetha ukunweba eya Ulyanovsk futhi eYekaterinburg.

I ngokushesha ukwenziwa kwephrojekti selifakiwe emahlombe kushiwo ngaphambili Aleksandra Misharina, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyinhloko-iphini likamengameli lokuqala JSC "Railways Russian". Ekupheleni 2013 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile CEO inkampani inkampani "Railways Russian" JSC "Isivinini Lines", elakhelwe ukwakhiwa komgwaqo.

ukwakhiwa Ithemu yakuphika eMoscow - Kazan kwakuhlelwe 2014 - 2018 iminyaka. Okungukuthi, umsebenzi kumele seziqedile oluzayo emhlabeni football ubuqhawe eRussia.

Leli iphelela umzila

High-speed onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan intando kudlula kwekulu emzini elingenhla iVolga. Nokho, namanje kuhlelwe ukusebenzisa kude amaqoqo enkulu nemizana, ukuthi lokhu yikona akazange sinciphise ijubane izici umugqa. Ngenjongo efanayo ujantshi eMoscow - Kazan izobanjwa mhla usebenzisa indlela eqondile yokufinyelela.

Yiba isiqu kunezimpande kuzoba eMoscow, bese ofika kuleli 180 km uVladimir, 247 km bayodlula e Nizhny Novgorod, 240 km okuzokwenza kudlule Cheboksary. Ucedzela endleleni yayo emgwaqweni e Kazan, okuyinto izothatha kuze kube 136 km.

Ngakho, umgwaqo omkhulu ngesivinini eMoscow - Kazan kulethwe phambi kwethu ubude ingqikithi 803 amakhilomitha.

Ukuqhathanisa entsha eya ezikhona ujantshi

Manje ake sibone ukuthi singakanani kusuka eMoscow kuya Kazan iyona indlela ujantshi ekhona okwamanje. Ubude bayo 1170 km. Ngakho, ngenxa iphrojekthi ibanga eliphakathi kwale mizi oluhlehlela by kakhulu ngendlela 367 amakhilomitha.

Inzuzo ngesikhathi kuyoba isikhathi eside kunalokho. Uma ubudala ujantshi kwakudingeka ahambe 14 amahora, 7 imizuzu, entsha ngesivinini umzila Moscow - Kazan kuzovumela ukuba ukwakheka nje emithathu nengxenye amahora. Okungukuthi, nesikhathi yokonga ziyoyidlula izikhathi 3.5.

izici zezimali

Izindleko zokuqala wokwakha onguthelawayeka eYekaterinburg kwakulinganiselwa ku ruble 2.5 trillion. Khona-ke, lapho kwanqunywa yokuqala esigabeni sokwakha ukuletha nendlela ewukuphela kwayo eholela Kazan, isamba izindleko labakhi kakhulu esincishisiwe. Okwamanje, izindleko owandulelayo iphrojekthi, wamemezela ukuqala 2014, kuyinto ruble 949 billion. Nokho, nabaqambi realize ukuthi lo is a kakhulu esinikelweko lemali. Kulungiselwe kwamandla emali, kungaba kakhulu kushintshwe futhi nesikhathi beqeda kakhulu idlule ruble omunye trillion.

I share oyinhloko izindleko bathola izakhiwo isimo. Ikakhulukazi, isabelomali sikahulumeni, Pension Fund, isiKhwama National Welfare. Nokho, it is futhi ehlela ngokwezinga elikhulu umsebenzi ukuheha zimali abazimele kanye ukulibona kwezentengiselwano. Leli fomu wokubambisana libizwa ngokubambisana kukahulumeni. Loans amabhange nezinye izikhungo zezimali beyoba yezimbangela ngokulungiswa kwemigwaqo imali.

Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukubandakanya futhi zimali angaphandle. Nokho, izinkampani European kusuka ngaphandle unswinyo EU yalahla iRussia zaphoqeleka ukuba zishiye nokubambisana. Okwamanje, Izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka ne China ukubamba iqhaza ngezimali.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project

Okwamanje, umgwaqo ngesivinini eMoscow - Kazan kuphela esigabeni design. Ngu ukubulawa ngqo imisebenzi ku isakhiwo sayo ongakabi usuqalile. Kodwa lokhu nethemba ngesikhathi esizayo.

umsebenzi design kwenziwa ngqo kusuka ngaphakathi Open Society "Amahhovisi Speed Lines ', futhi uthi" Railways Russian "Scientific futhi Technical Council.

Okwamanje, isikhathi iphrojekthi kakhulu kushintshile. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale ukwakhiwa ngo-2015 futhi ngo-2016 kakade ukusebenzisa igatsha lokuqala Nizhny Novgorod - Cheboksary, umsebenzi wokwakha komgwaqo kokuqeda e 2018. Kodwa okwamanje, amanye amalungu uhulumeni waseRussia nabantu abahileleke ngokuqondile iphrojekthi, zithi umsebenzi wokwakha kungenzeka baqale kuphela 2017, futhi ngokuphelele ngesivinini onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan izobe seyisebenza ngo-2020.

Abagxeki yephrojekthi

Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye ochwepheshe kwezomnotho, okwakuhlanganisa amalungu e-uhulumeni waseRussia uyangabaza kakhulu oyinhloko payback. Bathi izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi umthamo isamba umgibeli traffic ngeke sifinyelele ngisho ukuthi ezidlula, okuyinto is ebalulwe izinhlelo. Ikakhulukazi, Undunankulu wase Russia Dmitry Medvedev ekuyi Sathi ukwakhiwa kwanoma onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi abaqavile emphakathini musa ukuphika ukubaluleka kazwelonke yephrojekthi, singase sinyuse induduzo ezingeni ukunyakaza phakathi kwenhloko-dolobha Russia nase Tatarstan.

Yaveza ukungabaza ukuthi, ngenxa unswinyo entshonalanga futhi ekuqaleni izinqubo esibucayi emnothweni uzokwazi ukuthola yonke imithombo yezimali ekusetjentisweni ukwakhiwa. Ngokuqondene nalokhu eziyinkinga kakhulu bheka Amathemba ngokubeka onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Kazan ukusebenza ngisho 2020.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Abasekeli ukwakhiwa entsha omkhulu ophakathi amabili emadolobheni. agumenti ngokuyinhloko umfutho ophakeme yizimpahla emgwaqweni eMoscow umzila - Kazan. Ngemoto, awukwazi kuphela ezokuthutha abantu kodwa futhi izimpahla, kanye lohleliwe wesitimela maningi ebalisisiwe ku ridership.

amathemba

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko, esiklanyelwe ukuxazulula ngesivinini wesitimela eMoscow - Kazan, ukunciphisa umfutho traffic vehicular kwi ezokuthutha izixhumanisi ekhona ephakathi kwamadolobha amabili, okwandisa izinga enduduzo ukuhamba abagibeli kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa endleleni.

Kulindeleke ukuthi izimoto izingoma, ezihambayo kule isiqondiso, uzobe yizigaba ezine: Umnotho, ikilasi lokuqala, ibhizinisi ekilasini futhi premium. Ngokusho izibalo wokulungiselela, intengo ithikithi eklasini umnotho kusuka eMoscow kuya Kazan kuyoba ruble 2300.

Endabeni ka ukugcwaliseka ngemphumelelo iphrojekthi izwe ngokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu, sihlelwe ukudlulisa ukuba Ulyanovsk futhi eYekaterinburg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abatshali bezimali zaseChina zabonisa isithakazelo umzila laying kuze Beijing. UHulumeni we-Russia nase-China ziye isayine isivumelwano ngokuhlanganyela kwi amacebo isakhiwo elihle kangaka.

Kodwa lokhu amathemba kakhulu nasesikhathini esikude esizayo. Kuleli qophelo ohlelweni kuyinto ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa iphrojekthi ukwakhiwa ngesivinini wesitimela phakathi eMoscow Kazan.