Hazelnut "Trebizond": incazelo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukutshala, isivuno

Asikho isidingo ukusho lukhulu nati, uchaze nokuthi kungani hazelnuts ewusizo kakhulu kubantu. Iningi ngokwabo bazi ke. Positive izinga hazelnuts Kuye kwaphawulwa abakhileyo iplanethi eminyaka ambalwa adlule. Abantu eqoqwe, kusetshenzwe futhi zazidla utshani, amajikijolo, izimpande, amantongomane, okwenza babe namandla kunezitha umzimba, futhi izivikeli mzimba uzinze ngokwengeziwe.

Namuhla leli isiko ngenkuthalo kutshalwa esigodini sakithi. Hazelnut "Trebizond" angathengwa ngasiphi esitolo, nakuba nati izinga bayabiza.

Indlela yokutshala nokunakekela izitshalo Kwenziwa futhi uma ungathola isivuno izinga ekhaya ehlathini, zama ukuqonda ndawonye.

Ukutshalwa hazelnuts njengengxenye eyinhloko yomsebenzi zezimboni

Emazweni European ubuchwepheshe ukutshalwa hazelnuts Stam (ukhuni) babevela Melika. Le ndlela ngokuyinhloko kulinywe, ngoba olulodwa-umqhele ukukhombisa izikhathi eziningana ephakeme iphesenti isivuno kuka lwentshebe. Lokhu kungenxa ekwandiseni isivuno amazinga. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izihlahla engu-5-6 ubudala unikeze udoti ngokwanele okusezingeni eliphezulu nge evundlile umqhele kwelivi iyunithi.

Ngo Stam vuno nuts ukubaluleka ukukhula rate lingaphansi kuka phansi izingxenye izitshalo, okuyinto enomthelela imishini ye ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi has yinkimbinkimbi enkulu, - ukuvunwa nati, okuyinto ebangela mayelana 47% azo zonke izindleko ezihambisana zitshalwe bese zidayiswa kamuva of nati.

Hazelnut kuleli zwe

Impahla olufanele ngokuphelele kunoma hlobo inhlabathi kwenza hazelnut "Trebizond" endawni, kwezentengiselwano kuphela, kodwa futhi ngaso dacha wakhe. Ungasebenzisa kusizakale avula umhlabathi omahhadla, lapho kayikhuli imifino (ukhukhamba notamatisi) ukutshala ziyadliwa. Sikwazi ukukhula hazelnut lapho kunzima alime leli zwe futhi afeze inisele imibhede. Lokhu kungenxa izici zezitshalo izici Botanical. Naphezu izimila ezweni okuncane, lesi sitshalo namanje ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu umkhiqizo.

Ubuchwepheshe ukutshalwa hazelnuts

izimo yamanje komnotho wenarha yabo boke abaphathi neqhaza ukutshalwa kwezentengiselwano hazelnuts. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthuthukise ukukhiqizwa nekusebenta isidingo nuts ukusebenza ku sokugxila ekutheni lezo zinkinga kabani isixazululo uzoholela ekutheni yibhange isivuno stably okusezingeni eliphezulu nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Phakathi eziseqhulwini nuts hazelnut ukutshalwa ubuchwepheshe "Trebizond" design izici izitshalo.

Izinkomba ezifana ububanzi nobude umqhele, ukucacisa umthamo yayo. Ngo ucwaningo izinyanga 24 izinguquko olunje: ivolumu formirovke izinhlobo ehlathini hazelnut umqhele ngokuthi "Trebizond" luyanda 1.35 m ^3, kumiswa isihlahla - 3,22 m ^3.

Abamele shtambovoy formirovki "Isihlahla" kukhombisa ukukhula ngama emikhulu kakhulu umqhele, okufakazela ubuchwepheshe eliphezulu isiko njengoba kuqhathaniswa isampula control.

Ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo kubhekwe hazelnut ehlathini ngesimo ukwanda ezahlukene ezincane ngenxa inganakiwe futhi ibekwe endaweni ukuwohloka provetrivaemosti umqhele ehlathini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi otshanini nge ukwakheka enkulu iziqu, esibelethweni ebhidlikayo iyasebenza, inombolo izithelo ezingenalutho ngenhla, kanye ukubunjwa yabo siyenzeka kuphela engxenyeni engaphandle ye-umqhele esihlahleni hazelnut.

Kususelwa kule kakhulu, ukuthi izinkomba ukukhula kanye isivuno ziyadliwa kuncike nemibandela kumiswa umqhele sihlahla kanye nobudala bayo. Izinguquko shtambovyh formirovok isitshalo isakhiwo hazelnut "Isihlahla" sibonakalise uma sicabangela enjalo imingcele yebhayomethrikhi:

• ukukhula ukuphakama;
• ukwakheka kanye noshintsho umqhele;
• okwandisa ubukhulu isiqu;
• okwandisa umthamo engokwemvelo simila.

Inani Kwezomnotho hazelnut isethi ngokuvumelana ukuhlaziywa mechanical, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• iphesenti core inesisindo esisindo sazo zonke ziyadliwa hazelnut;
• ukukhishwa ikhenela;
• ukuncipha (iphesenti).

Ukuze izithelo touted kakhulu zihlanganisa nuts mncane nalawo anamagobolondo athambile, esikhulu ngobukhulu, nge zizwakale kahle futhi umbala iyunifomu.

inqubo Plant lokubikezela

Ngaphambi bambe umgodi, ukulungiselela okuhloswe kokwehla indawo hazelnut "Trebizond." Izibuyekezo balimi uqinisekise ukuthi uma isitshalo ukuba anakekele futhi zisekela izimo ezinhle, isivuno luyanda izikhathi eziningana, nakuba ngaphandle emihle ziyadliwa izithelo. Umhlaba alime noma umbe a ka 40 amasentimitha ukujula. Kuyinto efanelekayo le ushona we lokuhlushwa esiphezulu umswakama, oksijini, ikhuthaza ukubekwa elilungile kohlelo impande. Ngu okutshalwe entwasahlobo ukulungiselela bawe, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Autumn zokutshala kubhekwa ukukhiqiza kakhulu, ngoba ehlobo phansi izitolo isamba ezanele ngaphezulu umswakama okukhuthaza overwintering khuhla emnene.

Okubalulekile! Khumbula nenhlabathi abampofu e humus, kubalulekile ukuba alime yonke ungqimba ukujula ngokungeza 10 cm ziba ngcono inhlabathi.

nenzuzo kakhulu zokutshala izikimu: 4x5 / 4x6 / 5x6 / 6x6. kokwehla amasu lincike ohlotsheni inhlabathi, ngoba evundile, aba maningi ivolumu ehlathini futhi endaweni ke ithatha. Classical nokuzwakala isokhethi kufanelekile: 5-7 ezihlabayo ahlelwe embuthanweni, ububanzi 1.5 m kanye nephethini 6x6. Ngaphambi ekhosombeni kohlelo impande izithombo kanye engxenyeni engezansi umgqomo emgodini, zonke izinqubo impande ngaphandle maphakathi isuswe ukunikeza ukukhula asehlathini kwelinye emgqonyeni kanye izimpande olunzulu ikhefu emhlabathini.

Izici hazelnut zokutshala

I elikhulu isikhathi ukufika - ekwindla. Ngo-November, lapho phansi kwanele ukusuthiswa amaminerali, kungcono ukutshala izithombo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukubekezelelana ukucindezeleka isitshalo ebusika.

Ngaphambi betshala zalisa ezweni. Ingxube ibhalwe kusuka:

• umquba - 250 kg;
• umquba phosphorus-potassium - 500 g

Ukuphambana nge top sigqoka Umanyolo Ukubalwa 1 umhlaba aluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ngamunye imithombo kuthululwe ku 5 kg umquba.

70x70 lapho imigodi kuthiwa bemba kusengaphambili ekwindla zokutshala: cishe 6 amasonto ngaphambi kokutshala.

Kungcono uma inqubo run abantu ababili: amadili kuqala nge umgwaqo kanye compaction yomhlaba in emgodini, abanye ngobumnene ukulala kulo.

Ngemva betshala izithombo kusukela hazelnut ngamunye okuqoqiwe, kusale cm 20 kuphela ukusuka ezingeni phansi.

Ngemva kwamacala off the izitshalo, buka isimo endaweni, lapho akhulise abasha izitshalo: Umhlabathi kufanele kuhlanzeke futhi kube khulula ukhula, ungakhohlwa mayelana ehlelekile ziba ngcono inhlabathi azungeze okutshalwe imbobo 7-9 cm kanye ububanzi of fluff umhlaba kumele singeqi umthamo ehlathini.

Hazelnut - isitshalo monoecious, ngoba naye wabeka umbhangqwana izinhlobo vzaimoopylyaemyh hazelnuts eduze "Trebizond." Bempova ethulwa grade Cosford nabanye. Ukuvuna ngeke evundile, uma kungekhona ukuthi sicabangele isici enjalo. Lapho uphenyo olwenziwe kahle inqubo lokubikezela cross-impova nge 1 ehektheleni ukunikeza 500 kg namantongomane.

Izinzuzo kwezitshalo

Izinzuzo shtambovoy isiko okungukuthi hazelnut "Trabzon", zihlanganisa:

1. Inombolo enkulu amayunithi izithombo kwenye imitha square;
2. Emazinga lasetulu lokucuketfwe fat (kuze 2%) kanye namaprotheni (2-6% ezinkudlwana) kuka isikimu classical kulinywe.
3. Owenza Stam ivumela ukuthola izithelo ngongqimba enkulu ukuba 0.50 amagremu, kunangesikhathi lokulawula (ehlathini).
4. Owenza Stam ivumela ukuthola izithelo isivuno izikhwebu at 2.5-10% kunakunoma sezihlahla.
5. ifomu Stam, ngokungafani kuya esihlahleni iqala fruiting eneminyaka engu 1-2 ngaphambili.
6. Nge ukukhula yenkuthalo nemibandela izitshalo ezikhethekile microclimate babe ukumelana xaxa ukucindezeleka.
7. Ukuqhathanisa nge ifomu isihlahla, uqaphele ukuthi umkhiqizo Stam ezikhulayo izitshalo ku-80% ngaphezu kwezihlalo ekutshaleni izihlahlana.
8. The kungenzeka mechanical ukuvunwa namantongomane.
9. yokuvuthwa Ngasekuqaleni: ngesonto kunokuba ngefomu ehlathini.

Indlela nokunakekela izitshalo?

Buhle isivuno elikhulayo hazelnuts ngalolo azo zonke izifo ezaziwayo kanye izinambuzane, akekho kungaba nethonya impahla onqabayo simila. Naphezu ukumelana ezinjalo, ukukhuthazela weathering nomhlabathi fastidiousness, impatho wamukelekile futhi prophylactic, isibonelo, ngokumelene barbel nut kwalinciphisa umqhele esihlahleni futhi izihlahla amahlumela ezilimele. Kahle imithetho anakekele hazelnuts "Trapezund" ukutshala kanye isitoreji izici namantongomane.

Ukunisela hazelnut

Hazelnut - isiko umswakama-onothando. Excellent azizwa ngayo lapho ezikhulayo emfuleni floodplains. Umbuzo ne ngenkasa ixazululwe ngokumane Drilling kahle, uma isayithi itholakala kude imizimba amanzi noma ukufakwa imiphongolo amanzi drip irrigation eyenzeka ipulazi.

Izitshalo, ukwephula umswakama namanzi, zivamise ukunikeza abampofu sokuvuna. Kuphela nasezindaweni ezifudumele kuncike ukulahlekelwa mayelana 1 m emvula ngonyaka, lesi sitshalo ungajabulisa wenzalo ngaphandle kwesidingo ukuthambisa ehlelekile. Kodwa lo mthetho awusebenzi hazelnut "North". Lokhu nut isetshenziswa yokutshala nasemakhazeni sezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho noma ngabe nokuklanywa sezulu meet, izinga eliqondile kwezulu - alaziwa.

Ngenxa ochwepheshe batusa futhi Eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu yokuphila ukuze afeze izithombo ehlelekile ekwindla ukuchelela izitshalo, ukukhulula mayelana 300 amalitha amanzi ngamunye ezihlabayo of hazelnut "Trebizond." Incazelo ezihlukahlukene isitshalo ukhathazekile, noma kunalokho, ireferensi Botanical, kuzosiza ukunquma izindinganiso nezici kulinywe ukuthambisa nut. Uma izimo ezikhulayo akuzona evumayo kakhulu, futhi inhlabathi ngaphambi amasu zezolimo isetshenziselwa ezinye izitshalo futhi akusho ukulungiselela, izinkondlo amavolumu anda 1000 amalitha, futhi esikhathini fruiting - kuze kufinyelele 1500 amalitha.

Ukunisela nezikhathi: Izincomo

Irrigation kulinganisela kushintshwe kuye ngokuthi lemali kwezulu, futhi umswakama. Sekukonke isehlane 5 nezikhathi main:

1. Esokuqala futhi ekuqaleni eyishumi lesibili enyangeni kaMeyi.
2. Amaviki amabili okuqala Juni ukondla nezihlahla ku ukushisa kwehlobo.
3. Ingxenye yokuqala July.
4. Eshumini leminyaka lokuqala nelesibili ka-Agasti.
5. Ekupheleni kuka-October - ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba ukulungiselela ubusika.

Ukunisela ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - lutho, ngoba zom nesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa, hazelnut "Trebizond" kwenzeka ngaphambili kuka kwezinye izitshalo. Ngesikhathi impilo ngonyaka 4 sezihlahla, ukuchelela double. Phakathi wenzalo esebenzayo Kunconywa ukuba afeze ngenkasa ngevolumu 1.5 m ³ hazelnuts ehlathini.

Okubalulekile! Uma watshala phakathi imigqa utshani zisetshenziswa, ngenkasa amavolumu kabili.

izitshalo izihlahla

Izihlahla ubhekwa izikhathi osemqoka hazelnuts kwezolimo ukuhlakula ukuvumela ukuba ulungise wekukhula, intfutfuko kanye fruiting, ukuphila isitshalo, izinsuku engena fruiting, isitshalo hoxa, izinga namantongomane. Futhi, le nqubo unesibopho ezifana izici bokuphila izitshalo, ukwanda hardiness ebusika, ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo ezithile. Ukusebenzisa ukutshalwa ithuluzi enjalo, ochwepheshe abakwazi besondela noma ungase ulibale isikhathi ziqhakaza entwasahlobo, ukulawula isikhathi ihlumela ukukhula.

Kuzo zonke izimo, ukutshala isitshalo okungukuthi okufanayo isimiso. Le nqubo ibizwa elihunyushwe umqhele elikhanyayo kwaphela nge esiphezulu oksijini ukukhanya ukuthi kuvusa ukukhula kanye nemfundo amahlumela amasha futhi amagatsha ngezithelo efihlekile, esehlanganise eziyisisekelo amagatsha lwamathambo.

Ngemva kokushiya izithombo, cuttings Ukukhombisa ukukhula kuqala, okuyinto kamuva akha balimi Ngokuzayo shtamb.

Umanyolo

Ukutshala izitshalo ziphila, yenze umquba amaminerali, ehlanganisa 150 g superphosphate no-50 g we usawoti potassium ne ukwengeza 5 kg humus e hole ngamunye.

Entwasahlobo, lapho izithelo uzobe abethela (ngo-June), izitshalo ezidla urea lokuhlushwa 0.5%.

mulching

Zemithi mulching kwenziwa reception Namahlathi, inikeza izitshalo ukulondoloza umswakama kanye mpilo ukufinyelela. A ingxube eduze-wellbore phansi sawdust, izihlahla softwood alikho 1: 1 noma indawo humus emhlabeni, ukungcola umthamo ofanayo.

Izindlela yokuzalanisa isiko

Eyodwa yezindlela zakudala zokukhiqiza kabusha kubhekwa esebenzisa cuttings. Inqubo akahlukile lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi unezigaba eziningana:

1. Amagatsha ezibekwe anemifantu ovundlile nge ukujula kancane futhi prishpilivayut kancane. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukhuni kungokwasendulo, selokhu amadala ukukhombisa izinkomba lalibhekisela ukuthuthukiswa nengenawo ngazivumelanisa nendlela. Inqubo wenziwa ekwindla kanye kwentwasahlobo.
2. Grooves nge hazelnut izithombo batheleka humus, elithola amanzi amaningi futhi endaweni yasibamba kwenza sebeziqhumbuza ezincane ekusheshiseni ukukhula ngokushesha we nezinso.
3. Iziqongo uthayi ezigxotsheni, futhi phusha out ezikhulayo iphuzu.

Izici iqoqo sokuvuna nuts

Kuvuna ngasekupheleni kuka-August - ekuqaleni kuka-September, ukugxila abscission izithelo wrapper ezomile. Ukubutha kanye sokuvuna ezomile, amantongomane agcinwe endaweni eyomile. Kukhona imithetho kanye nezincomo kanjani ukugcina hazelnuts "Trebizond." Isivuno isihlahla imayelana 15 amakhilogramu.

Ngemva evuna nuts elondolozwe ku eyomile, epholile kodwa-ke, ukugcina umbuso lokushisa kule uhla 4-13 degrees Celsius izinyanga 12; at 0-3 degrees Celsius - iminyaka engaba ngu 3-4.