"Gremyashchy" (nomchithi Northern Fleet) phakathi neminyaka yempi

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, into ngayinye - indiza, umkhumbi, futhi ngisho isosha elula, ukuba bafake isandla ukuzivikela yezwe futhi baholela kuya isilinganiselo Usuku Victory. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi bathembele itilosi elula noma umkhumbi? Bangakwenza kanjani ukuhola izwe nezwe kuya ekupheleni kwempi? Amarekhodi Contemporary yomlando ukuchaza isibindi, isibindi nesithi ukuba nesibindi, amasosha hhayi kuphela ngabanye kanye amatilosi, kodwa futhi wonke amayunithi, futhi amabutho asolwandle, amathangi kanye izindiza. Ikhwalithi yangaphakathi abantu njengoba kuye kwadluliselwa kuyo inqubo, futhi iye yakhipha bona.

Ngakho umchithi "Gremyashchy" neqembu, izenzo zayo nezenzo samenzela isitha esesabekayo sesihloko. Hlobo luni uhlobo ngomkhumbi okuthiwa yi-ngumbhubhisi?

Destroyer - wempi asizayo

Abacekeli, obizwa nangokuthi ngumbhubhisi, kuba ukulwa-speed izikebhe multi-purpose, okuyinto ukulungele kakhulu ukuba alwe ngwenya, izindiza (e inguqulo yesimanje nezikhali ezicitshwayo), futhi imikhumbi isitha. Umsebenzi kubabulali sihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kanye ukuvikela ngohide oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, kwesimo endaweni kuphangwa, wezikhali ukwesekwa ngesikhathi kokwehla nokunye.

"Gremyashchy" - Guards ngumbhubhisi isigaba ukuze WWII

Lokhu babeka ngumbhubhisi Leningrad isitshalo № 190 ngaphansi inombolo C-515. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, kwaqedwa ukwakha isakhiwo kanye Red Banner Baltic Fleet wamthatha wamyisa abasebenzi bakhe. Ngemva kwezinyangana, umchithi "Gremyashchy", ngaleso sikhathi wayala A. I. Gurin, kanye umchithi "Crushing" ewela White Sea-Baltic Canal futhi wafika evela Kronstadt ukuze elimhlophe.

Phakathi neMpi Finnish "Gremyashchy" izikhathi eziningi zenziwa imisebenzi ka ukuqapha kanye kwesimo endaweni, kanye ukuze kuvikeleke ngohide imoto.

Ngo-November 1940, umkhumbi wawusengozini isevisi yesiqinisekiso nokulungisa, eyathatha kuze May 1941. Ngakho ngumbhubhisi ngaphambi ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kwaba zisesimweni esikahle.

"Gremyashchy" ngumbhubhisi ngo-1937, ezinsukwini zakuqala we impi

Engxenyeni ebusuku Juni 22, 1941 yesibili , Northern Fleet uye waziswa. "Clattering" sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli ngokushesha ukuya lip Vaenga ye-Arctic. Kuleli qophelo, ngoJuni 23 ngumbhubhisi wacasulwa ukuhlasela izindiza isiJalimane, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo waya umkhankaso wakhe lokuqala lezempi, convoying imikhumbi evela Murmansk ukuba Titovka lapho wadubula phansi i webhomu isitha.

Kuze phakathi Agasti 1941 umchithi "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet ubekade Vaenga, okwenza forays ngezikhathi ezithile olwandle. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukubonakalisa ukuhlaselwa engaphezu kwengu-20 kusukela emoyeni.

Ngo-August 18 ngumbhubhisi washukumiseleka ukuba Murmansk, lapho kwakukhona khona nokuqinisa anti-aircraft izikhali zayo: inganono 45-milimitha ungeze izibhamu ezinye 37-milimitha.

Agasti 22 ngwenya isiJalimane ekuhlaseleni ehlaselwa isitha iyunithi umkhumbi umama "Maria Ulyanova". Eziphendulela yayo ngumbhubhisi "Gremyashchy" babethunyelwa khona, kanye nezinkantolo, "Kuibyshev", "Uritsky" bese umkhumbi patrol "Storm". Kule mpi, futhi iqembu "Gremyaschi" wazibonakalisa okuqina nesibindi abanolwazi ukulwa ithimba. omunye "Junkers" esingu phansi kanye namanye yabhidlika kabana. Nokho, wathola ezincane umonakalo ngumbhubhisi 8 kuqhuma amabhomu amamitha 15 kuphela ukusuka ohlangothini lwakhe. Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezine ukulungiswa eziphuthumayo kulandela kulandelana olwandle ephelezelwa "Gremyashchy".

Destroyer yonke ngenyanga ka September ukuthi kokufaka minefields futhi izikhathi ezine nje kuphela ukuphuma olwandle ngoba idilize ku isitha phansi amatshe. Phakathi nale nkathi, wamisa imizuzu engaphezu kuka-190, futhi ekhiqizwa amagobolondo mayelana 300.

Kuze kube sekupheleni 1941 "Gremyashchy" zenyuka zithutha phakathi izisekelo e Murmansk, Arctic Vaenga njalo olwenziwa nokuhlaselwa izikhundla isitha. I esiphawuleka kakhulu ukusebenza ngumbhubhisi ezinyangeni zokuqala lapho yaze yaphela impi - amabhomu Varde port eNorway ngo-November 24 ebusuku. Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-6, wakhipha 87 imizuliswano futhi ngokuphepha wabuyela database Registry, alilimalanga ngesikhathi impendulo umlilo.

Esikhathini liqulwe kabusha icala ngonyaka baqhubeka

Nomchithi "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet Februwari 21, 1942 ixoshe on izikhundla isitha eNorway 121 projectile.

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1942 ngumbhubhisi ubephelezelwa 11 Allied ngohide. Zonke kuphangwa umkhumbi senzeka ezimweni ezinzima zezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-March 14 ngumbhubhisi kwadingeka eqhweni eNorth Sea ukuhlasela German amacala ngwenya ezintathu ukujula. A Mashi 22 kuyilapho kokukhipha esinye kulandelana wayesemathuneni isiphepho esinamandla. imikhumbi Ezokuthutha kanye hlenga imikhumbi bahlakazekela bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Wahlupheka futhi "Gremyashchy" - waba umbhubhisi amagagasi ulwandle washaya inombolo enkulu yokulimala. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili wakwenza ukuze base bakhe ukuba Mashi 28, kanye umchithi "Crushing" bese umkhumbi English "Oribi" ukubeka ukuze ulwandle sokuya emihlanganweni le mikhumbi nendlwana wezimpahla ivela UK.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, lolu hide futhi wokugada behlaselwa imikhumbi yezitha, okwakubekelwa kwawona ngempumelelo. Kodwa kukhona Waselinda ukumangala. Mashi 30, 1942 emnyango Kola Bay kwatholakala umkhumbi-ngwenya i isitha. "Gremyashchy" ngesivinini maqondana indawo dislocation isitha kwachitheka emanzini 17 ukujula amacala. Ukuhlasela kwaba yimpumelelo: emva kwesikhashana kwakukhona doti olwandle ebusweni uwoyela bahlakaniphe futhi isikhwama umlawuli German sika. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, umkhumbi-ngwenya-German U-585 labhujiswa.

Phakathi nenyanga yonke ka-April ngumbhubhisi njalo waya olwandle ewaphelezela ngohide. Kulokhu, omunye sigameko ezingemnandi sabhalwa. Ekupheleni kwenyanga "Gremyashchy" nge "ebhubhisayo" wathatha ukuze kuvikeleke impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu British "Edinburgh", okuyinto uhlaselwe ngwenya-German. Ebusuku-May 1 abachithi baphoqeleka ukuba baphindele ukuze base ifake uphethiloli. Ngosuku lwesibili, "Gremyashchy 'ayebuyele eziphambekweni impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu:" Edinburgh "waba Ngishoné ngemikhumbi-German.

Kusukela ngo-May kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-June ngumbhubhisi namaSoviet "Gremyashchy" othola ukulungiswa ku base inombolo elintantayo 104. zayo hhayi nje ukulamula, kodwa washintsha kulekelelwa le kwezikhali. Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, cishe nsuku zonke kwadingeka ukuze aphebeze ukuhlaselwa izindiza isitha. Ngakho, ngo-June 15 ngesikhathi esilandelayo emoyeni kokuseshwa yokulungisa anti-aircraft ngumbhubhisi wadubula phansi ekuhlaseleni ezintathu, futhi umonakalo izimbangela efanayo.

elilungisiwe

Ngemva ukulungisa, umchithi aqhubeka zikhiphe imikhumbi yezimpahla, njalo sibonakalisa zamabhomu izindiza isitha.

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-September 1942 "Gremyashchy" esisogwini eboshelwe Murmansk, lapho liye langena ohlelweni emoyeni ukuzivikela. Wesihlanu Septhemba Gunners ugibelile abasebenzi, kanye nogu unogada ube esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise iqembu isitha fighter flying ukuze kuqhunyiswe emzini Murmansk. Phakathi nempi womkhumbi anti-aircraft ibhethri wadubula phansi izindiza ezintathu, kodwa umkhumbi ngokwawo engakaze ezilimele, nakuba eziningi yamila amabhomu angaphezu kuka-12.

Kuyo yonke ngenyanga yonke ka September ngaba izimpi eziningi "Gremyashchy": ngumbhubhisi bavikela izindwendwe imikhumbi Soviet and Allied. Kodwa umonakalo omkhulu kuze umkhumbi kuvela hhayi amachashazi isitha neziqhumane, eziyinqaba njengoba kubonakala, futhi kusukela isici zasolwandle. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uthola kwesiphepho, ngemva kwalokho neze ukufika base eliseduze ukulungiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-October 21 ngumbhubhisi sabanjwa isiphepho, ngenxa okuyinto isuke ingasabalulekile imishini yayo kanye nobungako nezinhlamvu. Ekupheleni kuka-October, waphinde hit 7 isivunguvungu enesithwathwa ngumoya, bese umkhumbi Ugcwalise kushaft okuqinile yamanzi. Lo mkhumbi kuqalwe isithende 52 degrees, wokuqala nowesithathu boilers ukushayela waqala behluleka. Ngakho-ke, umchithi waphoqeleka ukuba kancane ukubuyela isizinda, kanjalo kokuphazamisa uqaphile.

Guards isihloko

Mashi 1, 1943 umchithi "Gremyashchy" kanye neqembu lakhe zokubonisa isibindi nesibindI waklonyeliswa isihloko Guards.

Kuze kube sekupheleni Apreli 43rd umkhumbi usalungiswa, khomba engaphezu kweyishumi ngaphambi ukuthi kuphangwa emoyeni. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka icala engingalazi, lapho kwadutshulwa indiza phansi Russian nge ukuhlonza nakomaka of uhlobo olungaziwa.

Kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-June Guards ngumbhubhisi ephelezelwa nanye izimoto nendlwana, kuyilapho repulsing ekuhlaseleni "Impisi iphakethe" ka ngwenya-German.

Ekwindla ka-1944, "Gremyashchy" ngoxhaxha eyenziwa ukweseka umlilo amabutho ekuthuthukiseni le Karelian Front.

Indlela ngomkhumbi ucingo, ngakho-ke ngeke ukuntanta

Nomchithi "Gremyashchy" phakathi nempi lifanelwe ngempela igama layo. Wenza engaphezu kuka-90 combat ohambweni eyabelwe yena umyalo ophakeme, waba kungathi izinkulungwane 60 nautical miles. Destroyer bophulwe 112 isitha air ukuhlaselwa, wadutshulwa phansi 14 futhi abantu abayishumi balimale kabi engaphezu kwengu-20 izindiza, ephelezelwa ngempumelelo mayelana 40 nenyunyana 24 ngohide yethu, yacwila eyodwa ngenxa yomonakalo ukuba ngwenya ezimbili isiJalimane, kaningi wachitha shelling nezimbobo isitha futhi izikhundla. Futhi yilokho nje ngokuba, idatha esemthethweni bodokotela.

Ehlobo lika-1945, uKaputen 'A. I. Gurin wathola isihloko eliphezulu Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

ahlula

Ngo-1956, umchithi kwasuswa izingalo, futhi waba umkhumbi ukuqeqeshwa. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa waxoshwa Navy. Nomchithi "Gremyashchy" ka 1941-1945, waya eholidini, futhi indawo anti-ngwenya mkhumbi omusha yesimanje kwegama elifanayo, okuyinto baqhubeka isiko ekhazimulayo ngumbhubhisi odumile we-Soviet Northern Fleet.

nemingcele Kobuchwepheshe umchithi "Gremyashchy"

Nomchithi "Gremyashchy" kabani isithombe singabona ngenhla, lunamandla ka 48.000 amahhashi futhi ukuhamba amathani 2380, ubude 113 no-10 ububanzi. I ngesivinini esiphezulu isitsha - ifindo 32, sihamba ibanga eco mode - 1600 amamayela. ngumbhubhisi abehlomile ezine 130-milimitha izibhamu, ezimbili 76.2-mm ezine 37-mm inganono futhi ezine twin izibhamu, izigqulo emibili ngemibhobho emibili torpedo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibekwe emkhunjini imizuzu 56, cishe ngo-55 amagobolondo ezijulile letingemasayizi lahlukene. Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli 245 abantu umkhumbi.

Umphumela wokubuyekeza

Ngokusho amarekhodi lamaphoyisa German futhi amasosha seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, njalo lasolwandle Soviet ibabulele kungasiko izici lobuchwepheshe kwezibhamu njengoba isibindi amatilosi nezinduna owayenganikela ukulwa kunoma yiziphi izimo anokulandisa okufanayo ngaphansi yokubhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene.

Futhi "Gremyashchy" wathola igama ezithusayo iminyaka yayo abaningi ukulwa komsebenzi ekuvikeleni izwe lethu kusukela isitha ekuhlaselweni. Lasemanzini Russian yesimanje ku lasolwandle izikhali, yebo, yimikhumbi eyinkimbinkimbi ezingaphezu kuka isitsha 1941-1945 sika. Nokho, umoya emasikweni bokulwa akukashintshi.